微小燃机热电冷联供与地下水源热泵耦合系统研究
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摘要
微小燃机热电冷联供是分布式供能系统的主要实现形式,但由于部分负荷性能和满足用户需求剧烈变化时的灵活性差,其效率、经济性优势往往无法体现。地下水源热泵能效比高、部分负荷性能稳定,但其发展也受到水资源量等因素的制约。本文以克服两者各自技术和应用上的局限为出发点,提出了将其整合互补的创新型复合供能系统方案并开展了应用分析研究。论文的主要内容如下：
(1)建立了分布式供能系统主要设备的热力、经济、排放数学模型并给出了系统综合评价中所采用的经济、节能、环保和调峰性能指标。
(2)基于在设计阶段即可实现离散设备台数和容量优化并考虑运行特性的全工况优化配置方法,通过引入最小最大后悔值法考虑了负荷不确定性的鲁棒性。
(3)针对北京市多种类型、规模的典型建筑,从经济、节能、环保、调峰、节水等角度出发,比较了复合供能系统以及其它六种分布式供能系统方案和五种分供方案的综合性能。
(4)以天然气节能率为目标函数,对复合供能系统配置、节能性和经济性进行了优化计算,并与传统的经济最优和以热定电运行策略进行了对比。
(5)研究了负荷不确定性对复合供能系统配置和经济性的影响。
研究结果表明,将微小燃机热电冷联供和地下水源热泵组成复合供能系统,显著提高了联供系统应对剧烈变化、热电比高的典型用户需求的灵活性和经济、节能、环保效益,与单独的地下水源热泵系统相比,减少了一半以上的地下采水量,且在众多供能方案中,它也具有经济、节能、环保、调峰等方面的综合优势；在传统的经济最优和以热定电运行策略下,基于微小燃机的7种常见的分布式供能系统方案与“天然气联合循环电厂+燃气锅炉+电制冷机”模式相比均不节能,但若以满足节能率最大为原则,复合供能系统可实现节能；考虑负荷不确定性可以降低复合供能系统的优化配置在实际运行时的经济风险。
本文研究的复合供能系统可为化石能源与可再生能源互补的能源利用技术发展提供一个新的选择。
CCHP based on micro turbines and small gas turbines is the main configuration form of distributed energy supply system. However, due to the poor part-load performance and the inflexibility when meeting user's energy demands which change dramatically, the efficiency and economic advantage of CCHP cannot be embodied often. Groundwater heat pump has the characteristics of high COP and good part-load performance, but it is restricted by factors such as water resources as well. In order to overcome the limitations of both technologies, the hybrid system which is the innovative integration of micro/small-tubine CCHP and groundwater heat pump has been proposed, and the analysis and research on it are carried out. The main contents of this thesis include:
Firstly, the thermal, economic and emission models of main devices of CCHP system have been established. And the performance indexes of economic, energy saving, environmental protection and peak shaving in system comprehensive evaluation are given.
Secondly, based on the optimal configuration method of full working conditions which considers the operational characteristics of equipments and can solve the difficulties in discrete optimization of equipment capacities and numbers at the design stage, a robust optimal configuration method of CCHP system is proposed to consider the uncertainty in energy demands.
Thirdly, in regard to different types and sizes of two kinds of typical buildings in Beijing, the performance of economic, energy saving, environmental protection, peak shaving, electricity and natural gas price sensitivity of the usual seven CCHP schemes and five individual schemes are compared.
Fourthly, in regard to the hybrid system, in addition to traditional following the electric load and the thermal load operational strategies, energy-saving-oriented is also introduced by selecting the energy saving rate of natural gas as objective function, and the influence of three strategies on system configuration, energy conservation and economy are discussed.
Finally, the influence of uncertain energy demands on configuration and economical efficiency of hybrid system is also studied.
The results show that the combination of micro/small-turbine CCHP and groudwater heat pump into a hybrid system can not only significantly improve the economical, energetic and environmental benefits of CCHP system and its flexibility coping with the typical user's energy demands which change dramatically and have high heat-to-power ratios, but also reduce more than half of the underground water extraction compared to the groundwater heat pump scheme. Among various energy supply schemes, hybrid system also has comprehensive advantages in many aspects, such as economic, energy saving, environmental protection, peak shaving, etc. Compared to the mode of "natural gas combined-cycle power plant plus gas boiler plus electric refrigerator", all the usual seven CCHP schemes and five individual schemes are not energy-efficient on natural gas utilization under traditional following the electric load and the thermal load operational strategies, but the hybrid system comprised of micro-tubine CCHP and groundwater heat pump can achieve energy saving under energy-saving-oriented. In addition, economic risks of the optimal configuration of hybrid system during the period of actual operation can be reduced after considering the uncertainty in energy demands.
The hybrid system studied in this thesis can provide a new option to the development of energy utilization technology which complement between fossil energy and renewable energy.
(1)建立了分布式供能系统主要设备的热力、经济、排放数学模型并给出了系统综合评价中所采用的经济、节能、环保和调峰性能指标。
(2)基于在设计阶段即可实现离散设备台数和容量优化并考虑运行特性的全工况优化配置方法,通过引入最小最大后悔值法考虑了负荷不确定性的鲁棒性。
(3)针对北京市多种类型、规模的典型建筑,从经济、节能、环保、调峰、节水等角度出发,比较了复合供能系统以及其它六种分布式供能系统方案和五种分供方案的综合性能。
(4)以天然气节能率为目标函数,对复合供能系统配置、节能性和经济性进行了优化计算,并与传统的经济最优和以热定电运行策略进行了对比。
(5)研究了负荷不确定性对复合供能系统配置和经济性的影响。
研究结果表明,将微小燃机热电冷联供和地下水源热泵组成复合供能系统,显著提高了联供系统应对剧烈变化、热电比高的典型用户需求的灵活性和经济、节能、环保效益,与单独的地下水源热泵系统相比,减少了一半以上的地下采水量,且在众多供能方案中,它也具有经济、节能、环保、调峰等方面的综合优势；在传统的经济最优和以热定电运行策略下,基于微小燃机的7种常见的分布式供能系统方案与“天然气联合循环电厂+燃气锅炉+电制冷机”模式相比均不节能,但若以满足节能率最大为原则,复合供能系统可实现节能；考虑负荷不确定性可以降低复合供能系统的优化配置在实际运行时的经济风险。
本文研究的复合供能系统可为化石能源与可再生能源互补的能源利用技术发展提供一个新的选择。
CCHP based on micro turbines and small gas turbines is the main configuration form of distributed energy supply system. However, due to the poor part-load performance and the inflexibility when meeting user's energy demands which change dramatically, the efficiency and economic advantage of CCHP cannot be embodied often. Groundwater heat pump has the characteristics of high COP and good part-load performance, but it is restricted by factors such as water resources as well. In order to overcome the limitations of both technologies, the hybrid system which is the innovative integration of micro/small-tubine CCHP and groundwater heat pump has been proposed, and the analysis and research on it are carried out. The main contents of this thesis include:
Firstly, the thermal, economic and emission models of main devices of CCHP system have been established. And the performance indexes of economic, energy saving, environmental protection and peak shaving in system comprehensive evaluation are given.
Secondly, based on the optimal configuration method of full working conditions which considers the operational characteristics of equipments and can solve the difficulties in discrete optimization of equipment capacities and numbers at the design stage, a robust optimal configuration method of CCHP system is proposed to consider the uncertainty in energy demands.
Thirdly, in regard to different types and sizes of two kinds of typical buildings in Beijing, the performance of economic, energy saving, environmental protection, peak shaving, electricity and natural gas price sensitivity of the usual seven CCHP schemes and five individual schemes are compared.
Fourthly, in regard to the hybrid system, in addition to traditional following the electric load and the thermal load operational strategies, energy-saving-oriented is also introduced by selecting the energy saving rate of natural gas as objective function, and the influence of three strategies on system configuration, energy conservation and economy are discussed.
Finally, the influence of uncertain energy demands on configuration and economical efficiency of hybrid system is also studied.
The results show that the combination of micro/small-turbine CCHP and groudwater heat pump into a hybrid system can not only significantly improve the economical, energetic and environmental benefits of CCHP system and its flexibility coping with the typical user's energy demands which change dramatically and have high heat-to-power ratios, but also reduce more than half of the underground water extraction compared to the groundwater heat pump scheme. Among various energy supply schemes, hybrid system also has comprehensive advantages in many aspects, such as economic, energy saving, environmental protection, peak shaving, etc. Compared to the mode of "natural gas combined-cycle power plant plus gas boiler plus electric refrigerator", all the usual seven CCHP schemes and five individual schemes are not energy-efficient on natural gas utilization under traditional following the electric load and the thermal load operational strategies, but the hybrid system comprised of micro-tubine CCHP and groundwater heat pump can achieve energy saving under energy-saving-oriented. In addition, economic risks of the optimal configuration of hybrid system during the period of actual operation can be reduced after considering the uncertainty in energy demands.
The hybrid system studied in this thesis can provide a new option to the development of energy utilization technology which complement between fossil energy and renewable energy.
引文
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