辽宁省白石砬子国家自然保护区大型真菌多样性研究
摘要
本文对辽宁省白石砬子国家自然保护区大型真菌多样性及其与森林植被和季节的相关性进行了系统研究。
物种多样性研究方面,笔者在辽宁省白石砬子国家自然保护区采集到大型真菌标本610余份,217种,通过分类鉴定它们隶属于2门4纲15目41科105属,其中担子菌门1纲11目34科94属201种,子囊菌门3纲4目7科11属16种(均不含不确定纲和不确定目),其中,东北地区新记录种38个,辽宁省新记录种56个。并按照《Dictionary of The Fungi》第十版(2008)对物种名录进行了纲、目、科、属、种的编目工作。凭证标本保存于吉林农业大学菌物标本馆(HMJAU)。
白石砬子自然保护区的真菌区系组成十分丰富。大于等于10种以上的科为伞菌科(Agaricaceae),口蘑科(Tricholomataceae),红菇科(Russulaceae),多孔菌科(Polyporaceae),球盖菇科(Strophariaceae),小皮伞科(Marasmiaceae)和刺革菌科(Hymenochaetaceae)。这些科都是广布全球或者主要分布在北半球温带地区的科,共有种类达112种,占白石砬子自然保护区大型真菌总数的51.6%。优势属有8个,分别是鹅膏菌属,丝膜菌属,丝盖伞属,小皮伞属,小菇属,杯伞属,乳菇属,红菇属。世界分布种和北温带分布种(共占总数的70.96%)是白石砬子自然保护区的主要分布种。欧亚大陆分布种和温带—亚热带、热带分布种(共占总数的22.58 %)在白石砬子自然保护区也占有很大数量。
本文主要对大型真菌多样性与森林植被和气候变化的关系进行了研究。根据辽宁省白石砬子国家自然保护区植物群落的不同在不同类型的植物群落中设置5个样地,19个样方。不同的针叶林样方之间和针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林之间大型真菌种类具有多样性。结合当地的气象数据,发现该自然保护区的大型真菌发生种类和发生量与季节具有很大的相关性。由季节、气温和降水等环境条件影响的子实体发生的行为需要详细长期的数据资料来得出结论。
最后,作者对大型真菌生物多样性面临的问题和大型真菌生物多样性面临威胁的应对措施也在本文中进行了讨论。
Macrofungi diversity and the relationship between macrofungi diversity and season as well as forest vegetation in Liaoning Baishilazi National Nature Reserve were studied systematically in this paper.
In species diversity, more than 610 specimens were collected in Liaoning Baishilazi National Nature Reserve and 217 species were identified. According to morphological classification, 217 species belong to 105 genera,41 families,15 orders,4 classes,2 Phylum. Among them: 201 species from 11 orders, 34 families, 94 genera belong to Basidiomycota; 16 species from 3 classes, 4 orders, 7 families 11 genera belong to Ascomycota(Incertae classes and orders are not included.). There are 38 new recorded species to Northeast of China, and 56 new recorded species to Liaoning Province. The diversity catalogue of these 217 species was arranged according to Dictionary of Fungi (tenth edition,2008), and the voucher specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of the Mycological Institute, Jilin Agricultural University (HMJAU).
The fungi flora was very abundant in Baishilazi Nature Reserve. Agaricaceae, Tricholomataceae, Russulaceae, Polyporaceae, Strophariaceae, Marasmiaceae and Hymenochaetaceae, with 112 species, 51.6 % of the mount of macrofungi in the Baishilazi Nature Reserve, belonged to the families which were not less than 10 species and these families were widespread in the world and North Temperature Zone. Eight genera including Amanita, Cortinarius, Inocybe, Marasmius, Mycena, Clitocybe, Lactarius and Russula belonged to the dominant genera. Cosmopolitan species and North Temperature Zone species(70.96 %)were main distribution species. Eurasian species and Temperate-Subtropical or tropical species(22.58 %)also had many species.
The relationships between Macrofungi diversity and forest vegetation, climate were mainly studied. According to the difference of all plant communities in Baishilazi Nature Reserve, 5 sampling plot were seted and 19 quandrats were identified in different plant communities. It also demonstrated the species diversities of macrofungi in forest quandrats of Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr., quandrats of Abies holophylla Maxim., quandrats of Pinus armandii Franch, quandrats of deciduous broad-leaf forest as well as quandrats of mixed-wide and sub-alpine conifer forest. It also illustrated that the species and quantities of macrofungi were greatly related to season in this nature reserve. It needs long term data sets to conclude the occurance of fruiting bodies affected by season, temperature and rainfall.
The problem of macrofungi diversity and the measures of solving the problem were discussed in the end.
物种多样性研究方面,笔者在辽宁省白石砬子国家自然保护区采集到大型真菌标本610余份,217种,通过分类鉴定它们隶属于2门4纲15目41科105属,其中担子菌门1纲11目34科94属201种,子囊菌门3纲4目7科11属16种(均不含不确定纲和不确定目),其中,东北地区新记录种38个,辽宁省新记录种56个。并按照《Dictionary of The Fungi》第十版(2008)对物种名录进行了纲、目、科、属、种的编目工作。凭证标本保存于吉林农业大学菌物标本馆(HMJAU)。
白石砬子自然保护区的真菌区系组成十分丰富。大于等于10种以上的科为伞菌科(Agaricaceae),口蘑科(Tricholomataceae),红菇科(Russulaceae),多孔菌科(Polyporaceae),球盖菇科(Strophariaceae),小皮伞科(Marasmiaceae)和刺革菌科(Hymenochaetaceae)。这些科都是广布全球或者主要分布在北半球温带地区的科,共有种类达112种,占白石砬子自然保护区大型真菌总数的51.6%。优势属有8个,分别是鹅膏菌属,丝膜菌属,丝盖伞属,小皮伞属,小菇属,杯伞属,乳菇属,红菇属。世界分布种和北温带分布种(共占总数的70.96%)是白石砬子自然保护区的主要分布种。欧亚大陆分布种和温带—亚热带、热带分布种(共占总数的22.58 %)在白石砬子自然保护区也占有很大数量。
本文主要对大型真菌多样性与森林植被和气候变化的关系进行了研究。根据辽宁省白石砬子国家自然保护区植物群落的不同在不同类型的植物群落中设置5个样地,19个样方。不同的针叶林样方之间和针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林之间大型真菌种类具有多样性。结合当地的气象数据,发现该自然保护区的大型真菌发生种类和发生量与季节具有很大的相关性。由季节、气温和降水等环境条件影响的子实体发生的行为需要详细长期的数据资料来得出结论。
最后,作者对大型真菌生物多样性面临的问题和大型真菌生物多样性面临威胁的应对措施也在本文中进行了讨论。
Macrofungi diversity and the relationship between macrofungi diversity and season as well as forest vegetation in Liaoning Baishilazi National Nature Reserve were studied systematically in this paper.
In species diversity, more than 610 specimens were collected in Liaoning Baishilazi National Nature Reserve and 217 species were identified. According to morphological classification, 217 species belong to 105 genera,41 families,15 orders,4 classes,2 Phylum. Among them: 201 species from 11 orders, 34 families, 94 genera belong to Basidiomycota; 16 species from 3 classes, 4 orders, 7 families 11 genera belong to Ascomycota(Incertae classes and orders are not included.). There are 38 new recorded species to Northeast of China, and 56 new recorded species to Liaoning Province. The diversity catalogue of these 217 species was arranged according to Dictionary of Fungi (tenth edition,2008), and the voucher specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of the Mycological Institute, Jilin Agricultural University (HMJAU).
The fungi flora was very abundant in Baishilazi Nature Reserve. Agaricaceae, Tricholomataceae, Russulaceae, Polyporaceae, Strophariaceae, Marasmiaceae and Hymenochaetaceae, with 112 species, 51.6 % of the mount of macrofungi in the Baishilazi Nature Reserve, belonged to the families which were not less than 10 species and these families were widespread in the world and North Temperature Zone. Eight genera including Amanita, Cortinarius, Inocybe, Marasmius, Mycena, Clitocybe, Lactarius and Russula belonged to the dominant genera. Cosmopolitan species and North Temperature Zone species(70.96 %)were main distribution species. Eurasian species and Temperate-Subtropical or tropical species(22.58 %)also had many species.
The relationships between Macrofungi diversity and forest vegetation, climate were mainly studied. According to the difference of all plant communities in Baishilazi Nature Reserve, 5 sampling plot were seted and 19 quandrats were identified in different plant communities. It also demonstrated the species diversities of macrofungi in forest quandrats of Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr., quandrats of Abies holophylla Maxim., quandrats of Pinus armandii Franch, quandrats of deciduous broad-leaf forest as well as quandrats of mixed-wide and sub-alpine conifer forest. It also illustrated that the species and quantities of macrofungi were greatly related to season in this nature reserve. It needs long term data sets to conclude the occurance of fruiting bodies affected by season, temperature and rainfall.
The problem of macrofungi diversity and the measures of solving the problem were discussed in the end.
引文
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