肥料运筹对小麦品质的调控及其生理基础的研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
肥料运筹是调控小麦品质最重要的栽培措施之一,本研究以对小麦品质影响较大的肥料措施为重点,以优质强筋小麦中优9507为材料,在全生育期肥料用量一致的前提下,设计不同的肥料(氮、磷、钾、硫配方,氮肥施用时期)组合,研究和比较分析了各组合对小麦品质指标的影响,同时探讨了品质形成的生理基础,并对小麦的品质评价指标的确立进行了分析:同时研究了在常规栽培方式下,增施硫肥对籽粒蛋白质含量不同的小麦品种的产量及品质的调控作用。主要结果如下:
     1.明确了旗叶露尖3周以后,旗叶中的硝酸还原酶活性、叶绿素含量及氮素含量等生理指标与小麦的最终品质显著正相关,抽穗后小麦各营养器官含氮量与小麦最终营养品质显著正相关。此结果对预测小麦品质有重要参考价值。
     2.不同施肥处理对小麦生理指标和品质有明显影响,氮肥追肥处理比基肥处理提高了旗叶中硝酸还原酶活性、叶绿素含量、氮素含量及营养器官中的氮素含量;氮肥追肥分拔节肥和开花肥施用各项生理指标最高,最终提高了小麦籽粒醇溶蛋白、总蛋白含量、面团流变学特性及干湿面筋含量,是提高小麦综合品质的最佳肥料组合。
     3.系统分析比较了小麦的各项品质指标对评价小麦籽粒的品质的重要性和代表性,沉降值、湿面筋含量与总蛋白含量及干面筋含量与贮藏蛋白含量正相关关系最密切,出粉率与籽粒中醇溶/谷蛋白的比值关系最为密切。且成负相关关系。醇溶/谷蛋白、千粒重及干面筋含量对面包的综合品质有重要的预测价值,且醇溶蛋白与谷蛋白含量的比值的作用大于其余两个指标。
     4.在常规肥料措施下增施硫肥,提高了小麦营养体及籽粒中的含氮量,显著提高了籽粒中醇溶蛋白及总蛋白含量,不同基因型对硫肥的反应存在差异。
Fertilizer measure is one of the most effective cultivation ways to regulate wheat quality. In this experiment all the fertilizer factors (different N, P. K, S combination and the different nitrogen application phases) which have an effect on wheat quality were designed in the same field, on the condition that fertilizer quantity was the same and applied to the same high quality wheat varieties, Zhongyou 9507. The main objective was to compare the different effects of fertilizer treatments on wheat quality in the same experiment. At the same time, physiological basis for wheat quality was discussed, and evaluation methods of wheat quality were analyzed. The effect of sulphur fertilizer on the quality and yield of different protein content of wheat varieties was investigated further when it was applied additionally to the conventional fertilizer measure. The main results are as below:
    1. The nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll content and nitrogen content in the flag leaf showed significant positive correlation with wheat quality after the emergence of flag leaf. After heading period a positive correlation between nitrogen content of vegetative organs and wheat quality was evidently presented. This result is valuable to predict the wheat quality.
    2. Different fertilizer treatments showed notable effects on the physiological parameters and wheat quality'. In comparison with the basic fertilizer treatment, top-dressing fertilizer treatment of nitrogen fertilizer increased NRA activity, Chl content in flag leaf and N content in flag leaf and vegetative organs to some degree, and top-dressing in the jointing and flowering stage showed best effect on physiological parameters in the late stage of wheat. Top-dressing nitrogen in twice significantly increased prolamin content, total protein content, dough rheological characters and gluten content, and was regarded as the best fertilizer treatment to improve wheat quality.
    3. Different quality parameters were analyzed systematically to confirm their role in evaluating wheat quality. Sedimentation value and wet gluten content are positively correlated to total protein content, the same as dry gluten to the storage protein content. While the flour yield was negatively correlated to the ratio of prolamin and glutenin. And all the relations were the closest ones among the parameters. The ratio of prolamin and glutenin, 1000 grain weight, dry gluten content were valuable parameters to predict the bread-making quality, and the ratio was more reliable than the other two parameters.
    4. When sulphur fertilizer was applied additionally to conventionally fertilized field, the nitrogen content in vegetative organs and kernel were increased and the content of prolamin content and total protein content were increased significantly, too. Different genotype showed different reaction to sulphur fertilizer.
引文
1. 曹广才等编.小麦品质生态.中国科学技术出版社,1994
    2. 车永和.马晓岗.小麦蛋白质品质研究进展.青海农林科技,2004,4:23-25
    3. 杜金哲,李文雄,白祥和等.春小麦籽粒蛋白质积累和产量形成规律及施氮的调节作用.东北农业大学学报,1999,30(1):1-9
    4. 杜金哲,李文雄.春小麦不同品质类型氮的吸收、转化利用及与粒粒产量和蛋白质含量的关系.作物学报,2001,27(2):253-260
    5. 顾克军,杨四军,张恒敢,李德民.小麦品质影响因素分析及专用小麦优质栽培途径的探讨.安徽农业科学,2001,29(6):725-728
    6. 顾尧臣.面包专用粉标准和面筋质量的快速检测.粮油食品科技,1998,4:4-5
    7. 何中虎,肖世和,庄巧生.九五全国小麦研究进展.中国小麦育种研究进展.中国科学技术出版社,2002,
    8. 胡承霖等. 小麦籽粒蛋白质含量动态变化规律及其与产量关系的研究.作物杂志,1988,河南职技师院学报. 1990,18(3-4):117-125
    9. 贾振华,李华.施钾对提高小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量初步研究.北京农学院学报,1992,7 (1): 5-14
    10. 蒋纪芸,张宝军,杨慧霞.硬粒小麦灌浆期间营养器官对籽粒蛋白质积累的影响. 国外农学—麦类作物, 1996,1:22-23,12
    11. 金善宝主编.中国小麦学.北京:中国农业出版社,1996
    12. 荆奇,曹卫星,戴延波.小麦籽粒品质形成特点及调控途径研究进展.耕作与栽培,1999,5: 22-25
    13. 李春喜,姬生栋,陈天房.磷肥对小麦籽粒产量和品质影响.河南职技师院学报,1989,17(3-4): 85-93
    14. 李冬花,郭瑞林,张毅,王西来,常春荣,王阔.钾肥对小麦产量及营养品质的影响研究.河南农业大学学报,1997,31(4):357-361
    15. 李兴林,马传喜,卫增泉.面包质地品质性状的研究 Ⅱ面包小麦烘烤品质的逐步回归分析.中国粮油学报,2000,15(5):33-36
    16. 李志西,王惠. 小麦蛋白质组分与加工品质的相关研究. 中国青年农业科学学术年报,1997,(B卷):823-827
    17. 李宗智,卢少源,张彩英等.小麦遗传资源籽粒硬度和面粉沉降值的研究. 中国农业科学,1993,26(4): 15-20
    18. 李宗智,孙馥亭,张彩英等. 不同小麦品种品质特性及其相关性的初步研究. 中国农业科学.1990.23(6):35-41
    19. 李宗智.小麦蛋白质含量和品质的遗传.河北农业大学学报,1982,5(1-2):143-154
    20. 李宗智.小麦面包性状的遗传.河北农业大学学报,1981,4(2):175-183
    21. 梁振兴,刘光海.《小麦产量形成的栽培技术原理》.北京农业大学出版社,1994
    
    
    22.林明.马光辉.氮肥运筹对优质小麦95—8的调控效应.江苏农业研究,2000,21(1):16-19
    23.刘敬阳,王有庆,马辉等.青海高原地区春小麦籽粒蛋白质组分动态变化.麦类作物,1997,(6): 1-7
    24.刘尊英.郭天财,朱云集.氮素供应对小麦籽粒蛋白质组分及积累动态的影响.河南农业大学学报,1999,33(4):317-320
    25.马传喜,徐风,谭蕴之.在一对面包小麦杂交后代中Glu-B1控制的麦谷蛋白亚基17+18对烘烤品质的影响.作物学报,1995,21(1):90-94
    26.马传喜,徐风.姚大年,董召荣,王光瑞,王乐凯.同一面包小麦品种烘烤品质变化规律的研究.作物学报,1998,24(6):751-755
    27.潘庆民,于振文,王月福,田奇卓.公顷产9000kg小麦氮素吸收分配的研究。作物学报,1999,25(5):541-547
    28.彭永欣等.小麦剑叶硝酸还原酶活性和籽粒营养品质关系的研究.小麦栽培与生理,东南大学出版社 1992,159-164,
    29.舒卫国,张玉良,王光瑞. 冬小麦主要品质鉴定及相关性研究. 中国粮油学报,1996,11(4):1-7
    30.宋建民.田纪春,赵世杰.植物光合碳和氮代谢方向的关系及其调节.植物生理学活动,1998,34(3):230-238
    31.王东,于振文,樊广华,潘庆民.硫对冬小麦产量和品质的影响.山东农业科学,2000,6:10-12
    32.王放,郑铁松,张国治等.面条及馒头专用粉的品质要求及小麦品种筛选研究.中国粮油学报,1999. 14(1): 1-5
    33.王光瑞,周桂英,王瑞.焙烤品质与面团形成和稳定时间相关分析. 中国粮油学报,1997,12 (3): 1-6
    34.王金水,张长付,崔丽鸿等. 小麦深加工理想品质指标的确立.中国农业科学,2000,33(3):73-78
    35.王宪泽,李菡.张玲.部分山东小麦品种理化和面团品质的差异及相关性的研究.中国粮油学报,1999,14(1);10-13
    36.王宪泽,张树芹,赵世杰.抑制光呼吸对不同蛋白质含量小麦品种氮素同化影响的研究.农业生物技术学报,1994,62
    37.王旭东,于振文,王东.钾对小麦旗叶蛋白水解酶活性和籽粒品质的影响.作物学报,2003,29(2):285-289
    38.王月福.于振文,李尚霞,余松烈.土壤肥力和施氮量对小麦氮素吸收运转及籽粒产量和蛋 白质含量的影响.应用生态学报,2003,14:1868-1872
    39.王增裕,王健,卢少源,李宗智,孙馥亭,金亚臣.不同类型小麦品种的氮素积累与籽粒灌浆研究Ⅰ:氮素积累的动态研究.河北农业大学学报,1990,13(2):1-5
    40.魏良明,王福亭,范廉.普通小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基与沉淀值的关系.河南农业大学学报,1999,33(1):25-28
    41.魏益民等.小麦品种籽粒蛋白质品质性状的研究.西北农业大学学报,1992,20(4):18-23
    42.徐恒永等.氮肥对优质专用小麦产量和品质的影响Ⅱ.氮肥对小麦品质的影响.山东农业科
    
    学,2001(2):13-17
    43.徐阳春,蒋延惠.氮肥用量对安农9192面包小麦加工品质的影响.南京农业大学学报,1999,22(4):49-52
    44.徐兆飞,张惠叶.张定一.小麦品质及其改良.北京气象出版社,2000
    45.许自成,段新国.对小麦不同H M w麦谷蛋白亚基质量评分系统的评价.粮食储藏,1998,27 (1): 24-28
    46.杨安中.硫对小麦产量和品质的影响.土壤通报.2000,31(5):236-237
    47.杨根海,张启刚,陈佑良等.用N~(15)示踪研究小麦品质Ⅰ。后期N肥对冬小麦产量和蛋白质含量的影响.北京农业大学学报,1986.12(1):39-46
    48.于振文等.钾营养对冬小麦养分吸收分配、产量形成和品质的影响.作物学报,1996,4:
    49.岳寿松.不同生育时期施氮对冬小麦氮素分配及叶片代谢的影响。作物学报,1998,24(6):813-815
    50.曾浙荣,李英婵,孙芳华,王光瑞等.37个小麦品种面包烘焙品质的评价和聚类分析.作物学报,1994,20(6):641-652
    51.张宝军,蒋纪云.小麦籽粒品质及影响因素分析. 国外农学-麦类作物. 1995,4:29-37
    52.张彩英,李宗智.冬小麦若干加工品质性状遗传变异及相关性的研究.河北农业大学学报,1989,12(3):8-15
    53.张春庆,李晴祺.影响普通小麦加工馒头质量的主要品质性状的研究. 中国农业科学,1993,26 (2): 39-46
    54.张冀涛,李硕碧.不同栽培条件与小麦籽粒品质的关系.干旱地区农业研究 1991,000(002):16-21
    55.张庆江,张立言,毕恒武.春小麦品种氮的吸收积累和转运特征及与籽粒蛋白质的关系.作物学报,1997,23(6):712-718
    56.张庆江,张立言,毕恒武.普通小麦碳氮物质积累分配特征及及与籽粒蛋白质的关系.华北农学报.1996,11(3):57-62
    57.赵广才.冬小麦籽粒发育中蛋白质和氨基酸含量的变化及喷氮效应的研究. 中国农业科学,1989,10(5),25-34
    58.赵广才.韩赶棠.叶面喷氮对冬小麦籽粒品质和加工品质的影响.北京农业科学,1990,8(3): 38-41
    59.赵广才,李春喜.不同施氮比例和时期对冬小麦氮素利用的影响.华北农学报,2000,15(3):99-102
    60.赵广才.用~(15)N研究小麦叶面喷氮的效应.北京农业科学.1988,12(6),20-21
    61.赵广才.不同叶面喷氮处理对冬小麦子粒蛋白质含量的影响. 作物杂志,1988,8(3):16-18
    62.赵海滨,肖志敏.不同HMW麦谷蛋白亚基类型小麦品种(系)的沉降值及其与面筋质和量的关系.麦类作物学报,1999,1:17-20
    63.赵首萍,胡尚连,杜金哲.李文雄硫对不同类型春小麦湿面筋和沉降值及氨基酸的效应.作物学报,2004,30(3):236-240
    64.赵玉山等.小麦品质影响因素分析及提高小麦品质对策.小麦研究,2001,22(4):4-7
    
    
    65.周建斌,李吕伟.氮肥对不同小麦品种蛋白质含量的影响.陕西农业科学,1991(6):22-23
    66.周建斌,李吕伟.氮肥对不同小麦品种蛋白质含量的影响.陕西农业科学,199l(6):22-23
    67.朱德群等.与冬小麦籽粒蛋白质有关的几项生理参数.作物学报,1991,17(2):136-144
    68.朱树权,徐风,常涛,曹淑华.小麦籽粒灌浆成熟期和贮藏期品质性状动态变化研究.安徽农业科学,1993,21(1):37-40
    69.朱新开等.钾素对小麦产量和品质的调节及成因综述.小麦研究,2001,22(1):1-6
    70.B.A.M.goussef:《作物营养生理》.科学出版社,1979,97-93
    71.B.M.提高小麦籽粒蛋白质含量的理论前提.《国外农业-麦类作物》,1984,2:11-13
    72. Brandland G M, Dardvet. Diversity. of grain protein and bread wheat quality. Ⅱ. Correlation between high molecular weight subunits of protein and flour quality characteristics. J. Cereal Sci. 1985, 3:345-354
    73. Dalling M J, Boland G, Wilson J H. Relation between acid proteinase activity and redistribution of nitrogen during grain development. Aust Plant Physiol, 1976, 3:721-730
    74. Fabrizius M A, Cooper M. and Basford K E. Genetic analysist of variation for grain yield and protein concentration in two wheat crosses. Auatralian Journal of Agriculture Research, 1997, 48 (5): 605-614
    75. Frey, K. J. In Alternate sources of protein for animal production. Nat. Acad. Sci. Washington D. C
    76. Huang, S., S Hun, Ken Quail et ai. Establishment of flour quality guidelines for northern style Chinese steamed bread. Journal of Cereal Science. 1996, (24): 179-185
    77. Johson, V.A.. Wheat protein proceeding of the international symposium on genetic control of diversity in plant. Lahore Pakistan, March. 1976
    78. Khan, K., Tamming, G., Lukow, O. The effect of wheat flour proteins on mixing and baking quality correlation with protein fractions and high molecular weight glutenin subunit composition by gel electrophoreses. Cereal Chem., 1989,66:391-396
    79. Kosmolak, EG., et al. A relationship between durum wheat quality and glidin electrophorgrams. Can. J. SCI., 1980,60:427-432
    80. Lagudah, E. S.et.al., The influence of high-molecular-weight subunits of glutenin from Triticum tauschii on flour quality of synthetic hexaploid wheat. J. Cereal Sci. 1987,5:129-138
    81. Lukow O.M., Cereal foods world, 1991,36(6):497-501
    82. Michael C. Cox., Calvin O. Qualset and D. William. Rains, 1985, crop sci., 38, 163.
    83. Morris, C. F., and G. M.. Paulsen, 1985, Cropsci, 25:1007-1010
    84. Moss H J, Randall P J, Wrigley C W, Alteration to grain flour and dough quality in three wheat types with variation in soil sulphur supply. Journal of Cereal Science, 1983, 1:255-264
    85. Moss H J, Wrigley C W, Mackichie F, Randall P J. Sulphur and nitrogen fertilizer effects on wheat, Ⅱ Influence on grain quality, Australian Joural of Agricultural Research, 1981, 32:213-226
    86. Smith C J and Whitfield D M. Nitrogen accumulation and redistribution of late applied of N~(15)
    
    -labelled fertilizer by wheat. Fiels Crop Res, 1990, 24(4): 221-228
    87. Orth, R. A., Bushuk, W. A comparative study of the proteins of wheats of diverse baking qualities. Cereal Chem, 1972, 49:268-275
    88. Pearmen I, Thomas S M and Thorne G N. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on photosynthesis of several varieties of winter wheat. Annals of Botany, 1977,43:613-621
    89. Pence. J. W. Weistein, N. E., Mecham, D. K. The albumin and globulin content of wheat four and their relationship to protein qualities. Cereal Chem., 1954, 31: 303-311
    90. Prayne P. I., et al. Structural and genetic studies on the high molecular weight subunit of wheat glutenin. 3. Telocentric mapping of the subunitgene on the long arms of homoeologous group Ⅰ chromosome. Theo. Appl. Genet, 1982, 63:129-138
    91. Prayne P. I., et al. The relationship between HMW glutenin subunit composition and the bread-making quality of British-grow wheat verieties. J. Sci. Food Agric., 1987,40:51-65
    92. Prayne P. I., K. G. Corfield, et al. Yield and protein to nitrogen fertilizer of two winter varieties difering in inherent protein content of their grain. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1981, 32:51-60
    93. Saxena D.C., Rao UJSP, Rao P.H. Indian wheat cultivars: correlation between quality of gluten proteins, rheological characteristics of dough and tandoori roti quality. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1997, 74(2): 265-272
    94. Singh, N. K., Donovan, G. R. Batey, I. L., Mac Ritchie, F. Use of sonication and size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography in the study of wheat flour proteins. ID isolation of total proteins in the absence of reducing agents. Cereal Chem., 1990,67:150-161
    95. Smith C J, Whitfield D M. Nitrogen accumulation and redistribution of late applied of
    96. Strong W M. Effects of late application of nitrogen on the yield and protein content of wheat. Aust. J. Experi. Agric. and Ani. Husb, 1982, 22:54-61
    97. Strong, W, M., 1981, Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim, Husb, 21:424~431
    98. Strong, W, M., 1986, , Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb, 26:201~207
    99. Weegels, P.L., Hamer, R.J., Schofield, J. D.. Functional properties of wheat glutenin. J. Cereal Sci.,1996, 23:1-8
    100. Wrigley C W. du Cros D L, Kasarda D D. Changes in polypeptide composition and grain quality due to sulfur deficiency in wheat. J Cereal Sci, 1984, 2:15-24
    101. Zhao F J, Hawkesford M J, McGrath S P. Sulfur assimilation and effects on yiels and quality of wheat. Journal of Cereal Science, 1999,30:1 - 17
    105. Zhao F J, Salmon S E, Withers P J A, Monaghan J M, Evans E J, Shewry P R, McGrath S P. Variation in the breadmaking quality and rheological properties of wheat in relation to sulphur nutrition under field conditions, Journal of Cereal Science, 1999, 30:19-31

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700