三环减速器动力学分析及裂纹影响研究
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摘要
三环减速器是为适应工程发展需要,在综合分析平行轴少齿差减速器技术发展趋势的基础上开发的一种新型传动装置,已经用在宝钢、武钢、成钢、首钢、涟钢等钢铁企业和其它行业,取得一致好评。随着机械工业日益向高速重载发展,使得三环减速器的动态特性日益突显,并直接影响到整个设备能否正常、高效的运行。这就使对三环减速器动态特性的研究成为一个十分紧迫和意义重大的课题。
随着国内外各场合该种减速器的使用越来越广泛,专家们对三环减速器的研究也越来越多。对比目前国内外的各种研究报告或资料可以发现,对三环减速器的研究主要是在承载、润滑和齿型参数等方面,对其断裂力学分析和系统动力学研究的相关学术论文至今还未见发表。
基于涟源钢铁厂转炉三环减速器在使用中环板发生断裂这一故障,本文做了如下主要研究工作:
1.在建立三环减速器环板的断裂力学模型及推导其应力强度因子公式的基础上,研究裂纹对环板剩余寿命的影响。
2.通过分析建立三环减速器键合图模型并推导其系统状态方程。
3.通过仿真分析三环减速器系统的动态特性,研究系统中各主要参数对系统动态特性的影响。
4.利用键合图法对系统进行模态分析,分析裂纹对系统固有频率及模态振型的影响,为三环减速器系统故障诊断提供参考。
5.研究裂纹对三环减速器啮合齿对应力分布的影响。
Based on the tendency of analysis of planet gear reducers with parallel axis, three-ring type gear reducer is developed to adapt the development needs of mechanical engineering,It has been used in the Baoshan Steel Corporation, Wuhan Steel Corporation, Chengdu Steel Corporation, Beijing Steel Corporation,Lianyuan Steel Corporation and other professions,obtains the consistent high praise.As the mechanical industry is steadily become high-speeded and heavy loaded,the dynamic characteristic of the three-ring type gear reducer is becoming more and more important.It determines the performance of the entire machine system.In this case,the study of dynamic characteristics of three-ring type gear reducer has become an essential problem in design and maintenance of these machines.
With more and more peole favors in using this reducer both in home and abroad,the research to three-ring type gear reducer that did by experts are also become more and more.From contrasting Memoir or material we can find that research to three-ring type gear reducer is mainly in load bearing,lubrication,tooth parameter and so on. its fracture mechanics analysis and the systems dynamics research's related dissertation has net been seen.
Based on the fracture failure of the three-ring type gear reducer of Lianyuan Steel Corporation made the following main research work in this paper:
1. Based on establish the model of the three-ring type gear reducer's board and derivation the formula of the Stress intensity factor, study the impaction that board's crack to the residual life.
2. Establish the three-ring gear reducer's bond graph model and its system equation through analyzing.
3. Analysis the three-ring type gear reducer's dynamic characteristics through simulation,study the impaction that the main parameters of system to dynamic characteristics.
4. Analysis the system's modal in using bond graph and the impaction that the crack to the system's natural frequency and modal, provide reference to three-ring type gear reducer's fault diagnosis.
5.Study the impaction that the crack to three-ring type gear reducer's stress of gear meshing through research.
随着国内外各场合该种减速器的使用越来越广泛,专家们对三环减速器的研究也越来越多。对比目前国内外的各种研究报告或资料可以发现,对三环减速器的研究主要是在承载、润滑和齿型参数等方面,对其断裂力学分析和系统动力学研究的相关学术论文至今还未见发表。
基于涟源钢铁厂转炉三环减速器在使用中环板发生断裂这一故障,本文做了如下主要研究工作:
1.在建立三环减速器环板的断裂力学模型及推导其应力强度因子公式的基础上,研究裂纹对环板剩余寿命的影响。
2.通过分析建立三环减速器键合图模型并推导其系统状态方程。
3.通过仿真分析三环减速器系统的动态特性,研究系统中各主要参数对系统动态特性的影响。
4.利用键合图法对系统进行模态分析,分析裂纹对系统固有频率及模态振型的影响,为三环减速器系统故障诊断提供参考。
5.研究裂纹对三环减速器啮合齿对应力分布的影响。
Based on the tendency of analysis of planet gear reducers with parallel axis, three-ring type gear reducer is developed to adapt the development needs of mechanical engineering,It has been used in the Baoshan Steel Corporation, Wuhan Steel Corporation, Chengdu Steel Corporation, Beijing Steel Corporation,Lianyuan Steel Corporation and other professions,obtains the consistent high praise.As the mechanical industry is steadily become high-speeded and heavy loaded,the dynamic characteristic of the three-ring type gear reducer is becoming more and more important.It determines the performance of the entire machine system.In this case,the study of dynamic characteristics of three-ring type gear reducer has become an essential problem in design and maintenance of these machines.
With more and more peole favors in using this reducer both in home and abroad,the research to three-ring type gear reducer that did by experts are also become more and more.From contrasting Memoir or material we can find that research to three-ring type gear reducer is mainly in load bearing,lubrication,tooth parameter and so on. its fracture mechanics analysis and the systems dynamics research's related dissertation has net been seen.
Based on the fracture failure of the three-ring type gear reducer of Lianyuan Steel Corporation made the following main research work in this paper:
1. Based on establish the model of the three-ring type gear reducer's board and derivation the formula of the Stress intensity factor, study the impaction that board's crack to the residual life.
2. Establish the three-ring gear reducer's bond graph model and its system equation through analyzing.
3. Analysis the three-ring type gear reducer's dynamic characteristics through simulation,study the impaction that the main parameters of system to dynamic characteristics.
4. Analysis the system's modal in using bond graph and the impaction that the crack to the system's natural frequency and modal, provide reference to three-ring type gear reducer's fault diagnosis.
5.Study the impaction that the crack to three-ring type gear reducer's stress of gear meshing through research.
引文
[1]蒋施恩.一种新型减速器——三环减速器.冶金矿山与建设.1994年第2期
[2]刘学厚,黎巨泉.行星传动设计.北京工业学院出版社.1988.6(7):11-14
[3]饶振纲.行星传动机构设计.国防工业出版社.1994.6:22-25
[4]K.J.Miller.Fatigue of Engin Materials and Structrue.1982.5
[5]Emmanuel E G.Finite width effects on the crack extension angle.Int.Journ of Fracture 15,1979:111
[6]T.C.Lindley and K.J.Nix Fatigue Crack Growth-30 Years of Progress.1996
[7]ANSYS Users Manual for Revision 5.0.SASI.December,1992
[8]Abelkis/Hudson.Design of Fatigue and Fracture Resistance Structures.Printed Batimorev,Md.February 1982
[9]冯澄审.渐开线少齿差行星传动.人民教育出版社.1981
[10]林子光等.国际齿轮装置与传动会议论文选.北京:机械工业出版社.1977
[11]A.E.Barkman.The Selection of Steel and Heat Treatment for Tractor Gears.JDTC.1979
[12]P.Tong.A Family of Hybird Plate Elements.Int.J.Numerical Methods in Engineering.Vol.18.1982
[13]Welbourn D.B.Fundamental knowledge of Gear Noise-A Survey.Proceedings of I.Mech.E.conference on "Noise and Vibrations of Engines and Transmissions"Grandfield Institute of Technology 1979.7
[14]J.D.ANDREWS.A Finite element analysis of bending stresses induced in external and internal involute spur gears.Jornal of Strain Analysis.1991.26(3)
[15]G.Chabert,T.Dang Tran,R.Marthis.An evaluation of stresses and deflection of spur gear teeth under strain.ASME Journal of Engineea for Industry.1974
[16]张光辉.三环减速器内齿环板应力分析.机械工程学报.1994
[17]丁遂栋.断裂力学.机械工业出版社.1997.8
[18]王泽.断裂力学.哈尔滨工业大学出版社.1989.3
[19]范天佑.断裂力学基础.江苏科学技术出版社.1978
[20]绪武扬.断裂力学基础.科学出版社.1979
[21]王仁东.断裂力学原理和应用.化学工业出版社.1984
[22]郭志源,邵尔狱,庞钧.齿轮失效分析.中国机械工程材料学会主编.1992.9
[23]孙正玺.齿轮测绘与设计资料汇编.技术标准出版社.1980.1
[24]傅祥炯.结构疲劳与断裂.西北工业大学出版社.1995.12
[25]刘鸿文.材料力学(第二版上册).高等教育出版社.1982
[26]郭志德,邵尔钰.齿轮失效形式分类及其特征.全国第二次失效分析年会论文.1983.5
[27]上海交通大学编.金属断口分析.上海交通大学出版社.1977
[28]Yang D C H,Blanche J G.Design and application guidelines for cycloid drives with machining tolerances.Mechanism and Machinery Theory,1990,25(5):487-501
[29]Kin Vadim.Computerized analysis of gearmeshing based on coordinate measurement data.Transm.Gearing Conf.American SocietyofM echanicalEngineers,Design EngineeringDivision(Publication).Publ by ASME,New York,NY,USA.1992.543-550
[30]Yoshikawa Kazuo,Tani Hirofum i.M easurement of helical gear transmission error and improvement of analytical method.Transactionsof the Japan Society of M echanical Engineers.May 1997.1775-1782
[31]Lain,K.T..An application of new graph theory to the design of the kinematic structure of planetary gear trains,Ph.D.Dissertation[R].taiwan:The national sun yat-sen university,1993
[32]Grand J J.Computer aidedmodelingofmultiport elements and large bond graph modelswith GAMP-G[C].ICBGM,1993:185-187
[33]Li Zhe,Li Li,Bai Shi xian.A new method of predicting the occurrence of contact loss between pairing elements in planar linkagesw ith clearances.M ech.M ach.Theory,1992,27(3):295-301
[34]张大卫,王刚,黄田.减速机动力学建模与结构参数分析.机械工程学 报,2001,37(1):69-74
[35]刘继岩,孙涛,戚厚军.减速器的动力学模型与固有频率研究.中国机械工程,1999,10(4):381-383
[36]王中双.键合图理论及其在系统动力学中的应用.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2000
[37]孙冬野,秦大同,王玉兴.金属带行星齿轮无级变速系统动力学仿真.农业机械学报,2000,31(3):67-70
[38]应海燕,杨锡和.K-2H型三环减速器的研究.机械传动,1992
[39]张健超,陈树勋,黄永强.关于三环减速器的运动学和运动学分析.机械传动,2003,27(2)
[40]黄文振.三环减速器振动问题研究.机械工程学报,1994,30(2)
[41]戚厚军.减速器动态特性分析.天津:天津大学,2000
[42]陈新.机械结构动态设计理论方法及应用.北京:机械工业出版社,1997
[43]Pandey A K,Biswas M,Samman M M.Damage detection from changes in curvature mode shapes[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1991,218(5):825-844
[44]Chati M,Rand R,Mukherjee S.Modal analysis of a cracked beam[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1997,207(2):249-270
[45]Swamindas A S J,Chen Y.Monitoring crack growth through change of modal parameters[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1995,185(2):325-343
[46]Shi Z Y,Law S S.Structure damage location from modal strain energy change [J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1998,145(2):321-332
[47]Lee I W,Kim D O,Jung G H.Natural frequency and mode shape sensitivities of damped systems:part I,distinct natural frequencies[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1999,223(3):399-412
[48]潘亚东.键合图概论——一种系统动力学方法.重庆:重庆大学出版社,1991
[49]张尚才.工程系统的键合图模拟和仿真.北京:机械工业出版社,1993
[50]张平,刘星荣.汽车系统分析的键合图法.江苏理工大学学报,2001
[51]Gao Jin huai,Dong Xiao long,Wang Wen bing.Instantaneous parameters extraction via wavelet transform[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1999,37(2):867-870
[52]Delprat N,Escudie B,Guillemain P,et al.Asymptotic wavelet and gabor analysis:extraction of instantaneous frequencies[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,1992,38(2):644-664
[53]牛发亮,黄进,杨家强等.基于感应电机启动电磁转矩Hilbert-Huang变换的转子断条故障诊断.中国电机工程学报,2005,25(11):107-112
[54]张志禹,汪文秉,顾家柳.小波域内瞬时频率提取方法研究.西安交通大学学报,2001,35(8):816-819
[55]胡少伟,苗同臣.结构振动理论及其应用.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[56]王艾伦,钟掘.模态分析的一种新方法—键合图法.振动工程学报.2003,12
[57]Parker R.G,JianLin.Modeling.Modal Properties,and Mesh Stiffness Variation Instabilities of Planetrary Gears.NASA/CR-2001-210939,2001
[58]梁永生.三环减速器变形协调条件的确定及其受力分析.机械设计.1999,(10)
[2]刘学厚,黎巨泉.行星传动设计.北京工业学院出版社.1988.6(7):11-14
[3]饶振纲.行星传动机构设计.国防工业出版社.1994.6:22-25
[4]K.J.Miller.Fatigue of Engin Materials and Structrue.1982.5
[5]Emmanuel E G.Finite width effects on the crack extension angle.Int.Journ of Fracture 15,1979:111
[6]T.C.Lindley and K.J.Nix Fatigue Crack Growth-30 Years of Progress.1996
[7]ANSYS Users Manual for Revision 5.0.SASI.December,1992
[8]Abelkis/Hudson.Design of Fatigue and Fracture Resistance Structures.Printed Batimorev,Md.February 1982
[9]冯澄审.渐开线少齿差行星传动.人民教育出版社.1981
[10]林子光等.国际齿轮装置与传动会议论文选.北京:机械工业出版社.1977
[11]A.E.Barkman.The Selection of Steel and Heat Treatment for Tractor Gears.JDTC.1979
[12]P.Tong.A Family of Hybird Plate Elements.Int.J.Numerical Methods in Engineering.Vol.18.1982
[13]Welbourn D.B.Fundamental knowledge of Gear Noise-A Survey.Proceedings of I.Mech.E.conference on "Noise and Vibrations of Engines and Transmissions"Grandfield Institute of Technology 1979.7
[14]J.D.ANDREWS.A Finite element analysis of bending stresses induced in external and internal involute spur gears.Jornal of Strain Analysis.1991.26(3)
[15]G.Chabert,T.Dang Tran,R.Marthis.An evaluation of stresses and deflection of spur gear teeth under strain.ASME Journal of Engineea for Industry.1974
[16]张光辉.三环减速器内齿环板应力分析.机械工程学报.1994
[17]丁遂栋.断裂力学.机械工业出版社.1997.8
[18]王泽.断裂力学.哈尔滨工业大学出版社.1989.3
[19]范天佑.断裂力学基础.江苏科学技术出版社.1978
[20]绪武扬.断裂力学基础.科学出版社.1979
[21]王仁东.断裂力学原理和应用.化学工业出版社.1984
[22]郭志源,邵尔狱,庞钧.齿轮失效分析.中国机械工程材料学会主编.1992.9
[23]孙正玺.齿轮测绘与设计资料汇编.技术标准出版社.1980.1
[24]傅祥炯.结构疲劳与断裂.西北工业大学出版社.1995.12
[25]刘鸿文.材料力学(第二版上册).高等教育出版社.1982
[26]郭志德,邵尔钰.齿轮失效形式分类及其特征.全国第二次失效分析年会论文.1983.5
[27]上海交通大学编.金属断口分析.上海交通大学出版社.1977
[28]Yang D C H,Blanche J G.Design and application guidelines for cycloid drives with machining tolerances.Mechanism and Machinery Theory,1990,25(5):487-501
[29]Kin Vadim.Computerized analysis of gearmeshing based on coordinate measurement data.Transm.Gearing Conf.American SocietyofM echanicalEngineers,Design EngineeringDivision(Publication).Publ by ASME,New York,NY,USA.1992.543-550
[30]Yoshikawa Kazuo,Tani Hirofum i.M easurement of helical gear transmission error and improvement of analytical method.Transactionsof the Japan Society of M echanical Engineers.May 1997.1775-1782
[31]Lain,K.T..An application of new graph theory to the design of the kinematic structure of planetary gear trains,Ph.D.Dissertation[R].taiwan:The national sun yat-sen university,1993
[32]Grand J J.Computer aidedmodelingofmultiport elements and large bond graph modelswith GAMP-G[C].ICBGM,1993:185-187
[33]Li Zhe,Li Li,Bai Shi xian.A new method of predicting the occurrence of contact loss between pairing elements in planar linkagesw ith clearances.M ech.M ach.Theory,1992,27(3):295-301
[34]张大卫,王刚,黄田.减速机动力学建模与结构参数分析.机械工程学 报,2001,37(1):69-74
[35]刘继岩,孙涛,戚厚军.减速器的动力学模型与固有频率研究.中国机械工程,1999,10(4):381-383
[36]王中双.键合图理论及其在系统动力学中的应用.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2000
[37]孙冬野,秦大同,王玉兴.金属带行星齿轮无级变速系统动力学仿真.农业机械学报,2000,31(3):67-70
[38]应海燕,杨锡和.K-2H型三环减速器的研究.机械传动,1992
[39]张健超,陈树勋,黄永强.关于三环减速器的运动学和运动学分析.机械传动,2003,27(2)
[40]黄文振.三环减速器振动问题研究.机械工程学报,1994,30(2)
[41]戚厚军.减速器动态特性分析.天津:天津大学,2000
[42]陈新.机械结构动态设计理论方法及应用.北京:机械工业出版社,1997
[43]Pandey A K,Biswas M,Samman M M.Damage detection from changes in curvature mode shapes[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1991,218(5):825-844
[44]Chati M,Rand R,Mukherjee S.Modal analysis of a cracked beam[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1997,207(2):249-270
[45]Swamindas A S J,Chen Y.Monitoring crack growth through change of modal parameters[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1995,185(2):325-343
[46]Shi Z Y,Law S S.Structure damage location from modal strain energy change [J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1998,145(2):321-332
[47]Lee I W,Kim D O,Jung G H.Natural frequency and mode shape sensitivities of damped systems:part I,distinct natural frequencies[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1999,223(3):399-412
[48]潘亚东.键合图概论——一种系统动力学方法.重庆:重庆大学出版社,1991
[49]张尚才.工程系统的键合图模拟和仿真.北京:机械工业出版社,1993
[50]张平,刘星荣.汽车系统分析的键合图法.江苏理工大学学报,2001
[51]Gao Jin huai,Dong Xiao long,Wang Wen bing.Instantaneous parameters extraction via wavelet transform[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1999,37(2):867-870
[52]Delprat N,Escudie B,Guillemain P,et al.Asymptotic wavelet and gabor analysis:extraction of instantaneous frequencies[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,1992,38(2):644-664
[53]牛发亮,黄进,杨家强等.基于感应电机启动电磁转矩Hilbert-Huang变换的转子断条故障诊断.中国电机工程学报,2005,25(11):107-112
[54]张志禹,汪文秉,顾家柳.小波域内瞬时频率提取方法研究.西安交通大学学报,2001,35(8):816-819
[55]胡少伟,苗同臣.结构振动理论及其应用.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[56]王艾伦,钟掘.模态分析的一种新方法—键合图法.振动工程学报.2003,12
[57]Parker R.G,JianLin.Modeling.Modal Properties,and Mesh Stiffness Variation Instabilities of Planetrary Gears.NASA/CR-2001-210939,2001
[58]梁永生.三环减速器变形协调条件的确定及其受力分析.机械设计.1999,(10)