飞机抗坠毁设计技术研究
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摘要
虽然通用飞机的座椅抗坠撞适航规范已经颁布多年,但是过去国内通用航空市场较小,鲜有人研究飞机坠撞响应。在国际上抗坠撞航空座椅由于体积大、重量大,也没有得到广泛应用,多数通用飞机选择申请豁免该条款。随着通用航空业的不断发展,飞行事故也日益增加,飞行员的人身安全应当得到更好的保障,为此,近年飞机结构抗坠撞的研究逐渐增加,关于飞机结构抗坠撞的设计要求、设计准则、关键零部件的设计方法、试验手段、仿真方法等都有了很大的发展。国内通用航空业近期发展很快,对飞机的抗坠撞能力研究有比较迫切的市场需求,商用客机和军用飞机也需要考虑迫降情况的乘员安全。本文对飞机抗坠撞技术的设计准则、设计方法和试验方法进行了研究并研究了坠撞模拟仿真技术。
1.深入分析了坠撞条件、坠撞载荷以及有关抗坠撞规范条文,比较了不同规范下抗坠撞要求的区别,确定了农林五型飞机需要取证的坠撞条件;
2.分析可能导致乘员损伤的飞机坠撞结构损坏,提出通过能量吸收保护乘员的机身结构抗坠撞设计准则,提出了一些机身结构、机翼结构的抗坠撞设计措施;
3.分析了乘员座椅的设计要求,比较了不同朝向、不同连接方式的座椅对坠撞安全性能的影响,分析了座椅结构的强度和变形的设计要求,研究了椅垫缓冲吸能对人体的保护,提出了座椅的试验方法和结果确认原则;
4.介绍了农林五型飞机的抗坠撞设计要求和该机的抗坠撞设计特点,介绍了农林五飞机的坠撞试验设计和试验结果,对该机进行了瞬态动力学仿真模拟研究,并对结果进行了分析和比较。
Nowadays, more and more interests are focused on the research of the crash response after many years ignoring because of the limits of internal market dimensions in decades after the crashworthiness standard of commuter aircraft was issued. Most of the commercial aircrafts applied for exemption of it based on considerations of economy, size and weight of crashworthiness seats. With the development of general aviation industry, people are suffering more air accidents, and personal safeties of crews are concerned farther more. Consequently, research on anti-aircraft structures of collisions are increased dramatically, and the structure of anti-aircraft crash collision design requirements, design criteria, key parts of the design, testing tools, simulation methods and so on, are great and rapidly developed. Booming of the internal general aviation industry also perform more pressing market demands. Safeties of crews for both commercial and military aircrafts in the case of forced landing are also considered more important. In the present paper, the crashworthiness technical criteria for the design are analyzed according to standard crashworthiness provisions, crashing conditions and structures, design and test methods are studied, and the crash collision simulation technology are examined, as follows:
1. The plane crashing condition while the collision occurred are analyzed, the structure load of the crash collision and the crashworthiness on standardized provisions are studied in details. Different parameters on the requirements of the crashworthiness in different standard are compared. Crash conditions of the N-5 aircraft are proved.
2. Kinds of the plane structure collision damage which lead crew damage are analyzed. Criteria of energy absorption to protect the crew against the fuselage structure design are confirmed, and fuselage structures, wing structures of the anti-collision crash design measures are sued.
3. Influences of the different seats towards, different ways of connecting to crash safety performance, and the seats structural strength and stiffness of the design requirements are analyzed, according to the crew seat design requirements. Padded energy absorptions on the human body protection are studied. Principles of seat experimental and results confirmed method are brought forward.
4. The crashworthiness design demands and crashworthiness features of the type N-5 aircraft are concerned. The crash experiment design and results are illustrated. Transient dynamics simulations for type N-5 aircraft are done and results are compared with the experiment.
1.深入分析了坠撞条件、坠撞载荷以及有关抗坠撞规范条文,比较了不同规范下抗坠撞要求的区别,确定了农林五型飞机需要取证的坠撞条件;
2.分析可能导致乘员损伤的飞机坠撞结构损坏,提出通过能量吸收保护乘员的机身结构抗坠撞设计准则,提出了一些机身结构、机翼结构的抗坠撞设计措施;
3.分析了乘员座椅的设计要求,比较了不同朝向、不同连接方式的座椅对坠撞安全性能的影响,分析了座椅结构的强度和变形的设计要求,研究了椅垫缓冲吸能对人体的保护,提出了座椅的试验方法和结果确认原则;
4.介绍了农林五型飞机的抗坠撞设计要求和该机的抗坠撞设计特点,介绍了农林五飞机的坠撞试验设计和试验结果,对该机进行了瞬态动力学仿真模拟研究,并对结果进行了分析和比较。
Nowadays, more and more interests are focused on the research of the crash response after many years ignoring because of the limits of internal market dimensions in decades after the crashworthiness standard of commuter aircraft was issued. Most of the commercial aircrafts applied for exemption of it based on considerations of economy, size and weight of crashworthiness seats. With the development of general aviation industry, people are suffering more air accidents, and personal safeties of crews are concerned farther more. Consequently, research on anti-aircraft structures of collisions are increased dramatically, and the structure of anti-aircraft crash collision design requirements, design criteria, key parts of the design, testing tools, simulation methods and so on, are great and rapidly developed. Booming of the internal general aviation industry also perform more pressing market demands. Safeties of crews for both commercial and military aircrafts in the case of forced landing are also considered more important. In the present paper, the crashworthiness technical criteria for the design are analyzed according to standard crashworthiness provisions, crashing conditions and structures, design and test methods are studied, and the crash collision simulation technology are examined, as follows:
1. The plane crashing condition while the collision occurred are analyzed, the structure load of the crash collision and the crashworthiness on standardized provisions are studied in details. Different parameters on the requirements of the crashworthiness in different standard are compared. Crash conditions of the N-5 aircraft are proved.
2. Kinds of the plane structure collision damage which lead crew damage are analyzed. Criteria of energy absorption to protect the crew against the fuselage structure design are confirmed, and fuselage structures, wing structures of the anti-collision crash design measures are sued.
3. Influences of the different seats towards, different ways of connecting to crash safety performance, and the seats structural strength and stiffness of the design requirements are analyzed, according to the crew seat design requirements. Padded energy absorptions on the human body protection are studied. Principles of seat experimental and results confirmed method are brought forward.
4. The crashworthiness design demands and crashworthiness features of the type N-5 aircraft are concerned. The crash experiment design and results are illustrated. Transient dynamics simulations for type N-5 aircraft are done and results are compared with the experiment.
引文
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