大功率秸秆燃气燃烧机设计及其控制研究
摘要
生物质能作为可转化为液体燃料的可再生资源,且其储量巨大,它仅次于煤炭、石油和天然气而居于世界能源总量的第四位,所以,生物质直接液化制取燃油将成为本世纪最有发展潜力的技术之一。在生物燃油制取的过程中,以生物质为原料提供其反应所需能量,是生物质能利用的重要组成部分,对真正实现生物燃油利用的环保性和可再生性有着重要意义。
本文是以省攻关项目“年产2000吨生物燃油闪速裂解制油新装置(GC05A311)”科研项目为基础,全面、系统地收集、查阅了国内外有关秸秆气化技术和燃气燃烧机相关理论研究的文献资料,并对其进行了对比、分析和综合,通过对气体燃料燃烧过程及其射流理论的学习和研究,结合本中心先前的研究成果和经验,设计了一台2.6MW大功率秸秆燃气燃烧机,该燃烧机可为年产2万吨生物质燃油反应装置提供所需热能,同时也为整个生产线的建立提供技术保障。本文重点阐述了秸秆燃气燃烧机的具体设计过程和计算方法,包括:对生物质闪速裂解液化生产生物燃油设备工作过程中的能量传递进行了定量分析,计算得出燃烧机的运行功率;对国内现有的秸秆气化技术及装置进行了系统的对比分析,进而对生物燃油生产线中秸秆燃气的气化供气部分进行了选型设计;比较详细的列出了燃气燃烧过程和射流理论的计算过程和公式推导;通过大量而充分的前期工作,最终确定秸秆燃气燃烧机的结构形式和工作过程,创造性的提出采用周边燃气与中心燃气先后喷射混合供气的预混形式,更加有效的提高了秸秆燃气燃烧机的燃烧稳定性和高效性;计算得出了燃烧机的主要部件的尺寸参数,同时也对其他各部分的设计做了简单介绍;对工业生产中秸秆燃气燃烧机的控制过程方法进行了系统的分析研究,根据秸秆燃气的特性,确定了燃烧机的具体控制过程方案。
本论文所研制的秸秆燃气燃烧机具有功率大、燃烧稳定性好、不脱火、不回火、无黄焰、燃烧效率高等优点,而且设备空间紧凑,易组合成大型集成装置,形成规模化生产,而且结构相对简单,制造维护比较容易。同时为以后同类的设计与试验提供科学的依据和参考,为今后的应用推广奠定坚实的基础。
The biomass energy which transform as the liquid fuel is huge, it is the fourth one of world energy total quantity which only inferior to the coal, the petroleum and the natural gas, therefore, the technology of biomass-pyrolysis to liquid fuel will become one of the most potential technical. During the process of producing bio-oil, providing the energy of reaction by the biomass as material is a important part of bio-utilization, it is significant environmental protection in practice.
This article takes the scientific research of province attack project "The new flash-pyrolysis unit of yearly produces 2000 tons bio-oil (GC05A311) "as a foundation, we collected many material about straw gasification technology and theory of the gas burner in domestic and foreign, and we has carried on the analysis and synthesis about it. Via studying process of gas burning and the theories jet current unifying the research results and experience of our center, I has designed a 2.6MW straw gas burner witch could provide the energy for reaction of yearly produces 2000 tons bio-oil and be technical guarantee for construction of product line. This article elaborates with the design process and computational method of the straw gas burner. The content as follow. The energy transfer is quantitative analysised of biomass-pyrolysis liquefaction to produce bio-oil, and the power of the gas burner is calculated. Present domestic straw gasification technology and equipment are systemic analyzed, and straw gas feeding sets are selected as a part of bio-oil product line. Process of calculation and derivation of formula for process of gas burning and the theories of jet current are listed. Trough a great deal of preparetory work, the structre and process of the straw gas burner is determined, the mixed gas form of ordinal jet of peripheral gas and central gas is designed, as a result, the flame stabilization and hight efficiency are improved effectively. The main components size parameters of gas burner are calculated, further more, the introduction of other parts are simply made. Control method of straw gas burner for industrial production is systemic analyzed, and finaly, concrete control precept for straw gas properties.
The straw gas burner designed in this paper has much merit, for instance, a good flame stabilization, hight efficiency, no escaping fire, no backfire, no yellow flame and hight efficiency. The space of the equipment is compact, it is easier to group large installment. The structure of the installment is simple, so the manufacture and maintenance is easy. This paper provide scientific references for the latter similar design and experiment, lay the solid foundation for the next application promotion.
本文是以省攻关项目“年产2000吨生物燃油闪速裂解制油新装置(GC05A311)”科研项目为基础,全面、系统地收集、查阅了国内外有关秸秆气化技术和燃气燃烧机相关理论研究的文献资料,并对其进行了对比、分析和综合,通过对气体燃料燃烧过程及其射流理论的学习和研究,结合本中心先前的研究成果和经验,设计了一台2.6MW大功率秸秆燃气燃烧机,该燃烧机可为年产2万吨生物质燃油反应装置提供所需热能,同时也为整个生产线的建立提供技术保障。本文重点阐述了秸秆燃气燃烧机的具体设计过程和计算方法,包括:对生物质闪速裂解液化生产生物燃油设备工作过程中的能量传递进行了定量分析,计算得出燃烧机的运行功率;对国内现有的秸秆气化技术及装置进行了系统的对比分析,进而对生物燃油生产线中秸秆燃气的气化供气部分进行了选型设计;比较详细的列出了燃气燃烧过程和射流理论的计算过程和公式推导;通过大量而充分的前期工作,最终确定秸秆燃气燃烧机的结构形式和工作过程,创造性的提出采用周边燃气与中心燃气先后喷射混合供气的预混形式,更加有效的提高了秸秆燃气燃烧机的燃烧稳定性和高效性;计算得出了燃烧机的主要部件的尺寸参数,同时也对其他各部分的设计做了简单介绍;对工业生产中秸秆燃气燃烧机的控制过程方法进行了系统的分析研究,根据秸秆燃气的特性,确定了燃烧机的具体控制过程方案。
本论文所研制的秸秆燃气燃烧机具有功率大、燃烧稳定性好、不脱火、不回火、无黄焰、燃烧效率高等优点,而且设备空间紧凑,易组合成大型集成装置,形成规模化生产,而且结构相对简单,制造维护比较容易。同时为以后同类的设计与试验提供科学的依据和参考,为今后的应用推广奠定坚实的基础。
The biomass energy which transform as the liquid fuel is huge, it is the fourth one of world energy total quantity which only inferior to the coal, the petroleum and the natural gas, therefore, the technology of biomass-pyrolysis to liquid fuel will become one of the most potential technical. During the process of producing bio-oil, providing the energy of reaction by the biomass as material is a important part of bio-utilization, it is significant environmental protection in practice.
This article takes the scientific research of province attack project "The new flash-pyrolysis unit of yearly produces 2000 tons bio-oil (GC05A311) "as a foundation, we collected many material about straw gasification technology and theory of the gas burner in domestic and foreign, and we has carried on the analysis and synthesis about it. Via studying process of gas burning and the theories jet current unifying the research results and experience of our center, I has designed a 2.6MW straw gas burner witch could provide the energy for reaction of yearly produces 2000 tons bio-oil and be technical guarantee for construction of product line. This article elaborates with the design process and computational method of the straw gas burner. The content as follow. The energy transfer is quantitative analysised of biomass-pyrolysis liquefaction to produce bio-oil, and the power of the gas burner is calculated. Present domestic straw gasification technology and equipment are systemic analyzed, and straw gas feeding sets are selected as a part of bio-oil product line. Process of calculation and derivation of formula for process of gas burning and the theories of jet current are listed. Trough a great deal of preparetory work, the structre and process of the straw gas burner is determined, the mixed gas form of ordinal jet of peripheral gas and central gas is designed, as a result, the flame stabilization and hight efficiency are improved effectively. The main components size parameters of gas burner are calculated, further more, the introduction of other parts are simply made. Control method of straw gas burner for industrial production is systemic analyzed, and finaly, concrete control precept for straw gas properties.
The straw gas burner designed in this paper has much merit, for instance, a good flame stabilization, hight efficiency, no escaping fire, no backfire, no yellow flame and hight efficiency. The space of the equipment is compact, it is easier to group large installment. The structure of the installment is simple, so the manufacture and maintenance is easy. This paper provide scientific references for the latter similar design and experiment, lay the solid foundation for the next application promotion.
引文
[1]冯子京.我国石油对外依存度下降[M].中国自行车,2006,(03):10-24
[2]雒廷亮,许庆利,刘国际等.生物质能的应用前景分析.能源研究与信息,2003,19:(4)194-197
[3]杨世关.生物质气化烤烟系统研究.河南农业大学硕士学位论文.1998,6:15
[4]中国农村能源行业协会生物质能专门委员会.生物质能转换技术行业调查报告.1995,1
[5]徐冰燕.中国生物质气化技术的研究现状及发展的关键技术.新能源,1995,17(12)
[6]万仁新.生物质能工程.北京:中国农业出版社,1995,5
[7]董良杰.生物质热裂解技术及其反应动力学研究.沈阳农业大学博士学位论文.1997
[8]丘凌等.生物质能转换技术.西安:西北大学出版社,1993,12
[9]王革华.我国生物质能利用技术展望.农业工程学报,1999,15(4)
[10]王大纲.世界生物质能利用的现状和展望.World Foerstry Reasarch,1996,No.G
[11]生物质能应用技术的展望.http://www.stockstar.com/info/darticle.aspx?id=JY,20060324,00059033&columnid=
[12]当前国内生物质制气技术研究和应用现状.http://www.cyol.net/cydgn/content/2004-08/05/content_923161.htm.
[13]张百良,杨世关,杨群发,赵廷林,李刚,何鸿玉.生物质气化烤烟系统技术研究,太阳能学报,Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica.2003(5)
[14]生物质热解气化及应用技术.http://www.newenergy.org.cn/html/2005-6/20056691.html.
[15]Lee,JongMin:Kim,YongJeon:Kim,sangDone,Catalytic coal gasifieation in an in temally circulating fluidized bed reactor with draft tube,APPlied Thermal Enginee ring,1998,18(11),1013-1024
[16]同济大学.燃气燃烧与应用(第三版).中国建筑工业出版社,2000
[17]黄思明.国外全自动燃烧机技术现状及发展趋势.湖南农机,2001,(2)
[18]熊昌国,洪章,张芸.生物质燃气烘干粮食的试验和应用研究.四川农机,2005,(2).
[19]雷廷宙,师新广,李海军等.生物质燃气专用灶具的设计[J].农业工程学报,2001,17(4):65-167
[20]李刚,杨群发,炊密杏等.BCT-1型生物质燃气燃烧器的研制[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(1):107-109
[21]刘世锋等.生物质闪速裂解技术及生物油的应用.林业劳动安全,2006,19(1):29-30
[22]BM Wagenaar.The rotating cone reactor for rapid thermal solid processing.ISSn90-9007082-6,1994.10-40
[23]刘世锋.XBC-A型斜板槽式闪速裂解装置设计与实验研究.2007,(6)
[24]易维明.生物质比热容的测量方法[J].山东工程学院学报,1996,10(1):7-10
[25]袁振宏,吴创之,马隆龙等.生物质能利用原理与技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[26]广州贝龙环保热力设备股份有限公司.http://www.sinobaron.com/product2.asp?nb=1013
[27]张科选,王永振,张祥华.低变质烟煤热解试验探讨.陕西煤炭技术,1997,(4)
[28]胡震岗,黄信仪.燃料与燃烧概论,清华大学出版社,1995
[29](罗马尼亚)安德烈·斯坦标林努.工业火焰的燃烧过程,机械工业出版社,1983
[30]Ohtani,Shigeru,Direct combustion technology,Nihon Enerugi Gakkaishi/Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy,1999,78(4):247-251
[31]孙巨峰.气体燃料燃烧强化和污染控制的分析与探讨.西安航空技术高等技术专科学校学报,2001,(1)
[32]Dan Brasoveanu and Ashwani K.GuPta.Analysis of Gaseous Fuel and Air Mixingin Flames and Flame Quenching.Journal of Propulsion & Power,2000,16(5):829-836
[33]Satoru Ishizuka,Tetsuya Motodamari.Rapidly mixed combustion in a tubular flame burner,proceedings of the Combustion lnstitute,2007,31(1):1085-1092
[34]Dupont,M.Porkashanian,A.Williams and R.Woolley.Reduction of NOx formation in natural gas burnerflames.Fuel,1993,(4)
[35]Helie,J.Trouve,A.Turbulent flame propagation in partially premixed combustion.Symposium(International) on Combustion.[J].1998,1:891-898
[36]Joseph A.Senecal.Flame extinguishing in the cup-burner by inert gases,Fire Safet y Journal,2005,40(6):579-591
[37]Harris,J.A.andSouth,R.,Flame Stability Principles and Practice.Gas Engineering and Management,1978,(5)
[38]R.W.Schefer,M.Namuian and J.Kelly,Scalar dissipation measurements in the developing region of a jet Combustion and Flame.Gombnston Research Facility News,1991,3(4)
[39]吴创之,马隆龙等.生物质能现代化利用技术[M].北京:北京化学工业出版社,2003
[40]王智微,李宗凯,沈幼庭等.一氧化碳在循环流化床燃烧室中的燃烧模型[J].清华大报,2000,14(2):110-113
[41]林宗虎,徐通模.实用锅炉手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1999.6,34-51
[42]沙毅,闻建龙.泵与风机.中国科学技术大学出版社,2005,8,235-238
[43]王东涛,徐立君等.建筑安装工程施工图集(第二版).中国建筑工业出版社,2002,9
[44]蔡增基,龙天渝.流体力学泵与风机(第四版).中国建筑工业出版社,1999,12
[2]雒廷亮,许庆利,刘国际等.生物质能的应用前景分析.能源研究与信息,2003,19:(4)194-197
[3]杨世关.生物质气化烤烟系统研究.河南农业大学硕士学位论文.1998,6:15
[4]中国农村能源行业协会生物质能专门委员会.生物质能转换技术行业调查报告.1995,1
[5]徐冰燕.中国生物质气化技术的研究现状及发展的关键技术.新能源,1995,17(12)
[6]万仁新.生物质能工程.北京:中国农业出版社,1995,5
[7]董良杰.生物质热裂解技术及其反应动力学研究.沈阳农业大学博士学位论文.1997
[8]丘凌等.生物质能转换技术.西安:西北大学出版社,1993,12
[9]王革华.我国生物质能利用技术展望.农业工程学报,1999,15(4)
[10]王大纲.世界生物质能利用的现状和展望.World Foerstry Reasarch,1996,No.G
[11]生物质能应用技术的展望.http://www.stockstar.com/info/darticle.aspx?id=JY,20060324,00059033&columnid=
[12]当前国内生物质制气技术研究和应用现状.http://www.cyol.net/cydgn/content/2004-08/05/content_923161.htm.
[13]张百良,杨世关,杨群发,赵廷林,李刚,何鸿玉.生物质气化烤烟系统技术研究,太阳能学报,Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica.2003(5)
[14]生物质热解气化及应用技术.http://www.newenergy.org.cn/html/2005-6/20056691.html.
[15]Lee,JongMin:Kim,YongJeon:Kim,sangDone,Catalytic coal gasifieation in an in temally circulating fluidized bed reactor with draft tube,APPlied Thermal Enginee ring,1998,18(11),1013-1024
[16]同济大学.燃气燃烧与应用(第三版).中国建筑工业出版社,2000
[17]黄思明.国外全自动燃烧机技术现状及发展趋势.湖南农机,2001,(2)
[18]熊昌国,洪章,张芸.生物质燃气烘干粮食的试验和应用研究.四川农机,2005,(2).
[19]雷廷宙,师新广,李海军等.生物质燃气专用灶具的设计[J].农业工程学报,2001,17(4):65-167
[20]李刚,杨群发,炊密杏等.BCT-1型生物质燃气燃烧器的研制[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(1):107-109
[21]刘世锋等.生物质闪速裂解技术及生物油的应用.林业劳动安全,2006,19(1):29-30
[22]BM Wagenaar.The rotating cone reactor for rapid thermal solid processing.ISSn90-9007082-6,1994.10-40
[23]刘世锋.XBC-A型斜板槽式闪速裂解装置设计与实验研究.2007,(6)
[24]易维明.生物质比热容的测量方法[J].山东工程学院学报,1996,10(1):7-10
[25]袁振宏,吴创之,马隆龙等.生物质能利用原理与技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[26]广州贝龙环保热力设备股份有限公司.http://www.sinobaron.com/product2.asp?nb=1013
[27]张科选,王永振,张祥华.低变质烟煤热解试验探讨.陕西煤炭技术,1997,(4)
[28]胡震岗,黄信仪.燃料与燃烧概论,清华大学出版社,1995
[29](罗马尼亚)安德烈·斯坦标林努.工业火焰的燃烧过程,机械工业出版社,1983
[30]Ohtani,Shigeru,Direct combustion technology,Nihon Enerugi Gakkaishi/Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy,1999,78(4):247-251
[31]孙巨峰.气体燃料燃烧强化和污染控制的分析与探讨.西安航空技术高等技术专科学校学报,2001,(1)
[32]Dan Brasoveanu and Ashwani K.GuPta.Analysis of Gaseous Fuel and Air Mixingin Flames and Flame Quenching.Journal of Propulsion & Power,2000,16(5):829-836
[33]Satoru Ishizuka,Tetsuya Motodamari.Rapidly mixed combustion in a tubular flame burner,proceedings of the Combustion lnstitute,2007,31(1):1085-1092
[34]Dupont,M.Porkashanian,A.Williams and R.Woolley.Reduction of NOx formation in natural gas burnerflames.Fuel,1993,(4)
[35]Helie,J.Trouve,A.Turbulent flame propagation in partially premixed combustion.Symposium(International) on Combustion.[J].1998,1:891-898
[36]Joseph A.Senecal.Flame extinguishing in the cup-burner by inert gases,Fire Safet y Journal,2005,40(6):579-591
[37]Harris,J.A.andSouth,R.,Flame Stability Principles and Practice.Gas Engineering and Management,1978,(5)
[38]R.W.Schefer,M.Namuian and J.Kelly,Scalar dissipation measurements in the developing region of a jet Combustion and Flame.Gombnston Research Facility News,1991,3(4)
[39]吴创之,马隆龙等.生物质能现代化利用技术[M].北京:北京化学工业出版社,2003
[40]王智微,李宗凯,沈幼庭等.一氧化碳在循环流化床燃烧室中的燃烧模型[J].清华大报,2000,14(2):110-113
[41]林宗虎,徐通模.实用锅炉手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1999.6,34-51
[42]沙毅,闻建龙.泵与风机.中国科学技术大学出版社,2005,8,235-238
[43]王东涛,徐立君等.建筑安装工程施工图集(第二版).中国建筑工业出版社,2002,9
[44]蔡增基,龙天渝.流体力学泵与风机(第四版).中国建筑工业出版社,1999,12