水资源配置对民勤绿洲沙漠化地区生态农业影响的实证研究
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摘要
水权理论是实现水资源合理配置的重要基础。在社会主义市场经济条件下,深入研究运用水权、水市场理论,实现水资源优化配置和可持续利用,提高水资源的利用效率,是当今社会水利改革的主要方向,同时也是实现水资源与经济协调发展的必由之路。
本文在论述水权的内涵、构成、水资源的配置手段以及水资源配置的经济学基础上,运用经济学基本理论和实地调研资料分析了水资源配置对民勤绿洲沙漠化地区生态农业的影响。在对民勤地区生态农业影响的实证分析中,本文通过分析对农业产业结构之间的水资源配置,得出对生态农业的影响。
实证分析表明,粮食作物的单位水经济效益低下在民勤绿洲沙漠化地区会造成许多不良后果,主要表现在：首先是农民收入增长缓慢,还会造成水资源的浪费；其次是农业生产用水价格偏低,甚至低于成本价格；最后是严重挫伤农民的生产积极性,影响农业作为国民经济基础产业的稳定性。
最后得出结论,在民勤县这样一个水资源匮乏的地区,应该加快农业产业结构的调整,优化农业种植结构,控制农业灌溉规模,减少农业用水总量,把挤占的生态用水挤出来,种植经济价值高、商品率高、有利于节约水资源的经济作物。
在此基础上,本文提出了四项水资源配置与生态农业协调发展的途径：第一水票管理机制；第二,健全政府的水资源管理体制；第三,节水高效的生态农业机制；第四,提高公众节水效益机制。
The water rights theory is the important basis of allocation of water resources. Under the conditions of the socialist market economy, the author study the use of water rights and water market theory, to achieve optimal allocation and sustainable use of water resources, improve water use efficiency, which must be resolved problem by water reform, but also the modern water and sustainable development of water resources the only way.
This paper discusses the water rights content, features, water resources allocation model, using the basic theory of economics and local data analysis the impact of water resources of the Minqin oasis desertification area on the impact of ecological agriculture.The empirical analysis in Minqin ecological industry,the paper analyzes the water resources deploy of agricultural agriculture,draw on the impact of ecological agriculture.
Empirical analysis shows that the lower unit water benefits in the Minqin oasis desertification area will cause many bad effects,manily:The first is the slow growth of peasant incomes, and even fell back into poverty again; The next is low prices of water for agricultural production; The last is seriously dampened the enthusiasm of the farmers produce, affecting agriculture as the stability of the national economy.
Finally,it is concluded that in Minqin, a scarcity of water resources area, should speed up the adjustment of agricultural structure, optimize agricultural planting structure,control the scale of agricultural irrigation,reduce agricultural water use, squee out the miuse of the ecological water. Cultivate the high economic value, high commodity rate and conducive to water saving crops.
On this basis, this paper presents four coordinated water resources and eco-agriculture development way:first, the water certificate management mechanism; second, strengthen the governments water management mechanism; third, water-saving and high efficient mechanisms for eco-agriculture; fourth, to raise public water-saving benefits mechanism.
本文在论述水权的内涵、构成、水资源的配置手段以及水资源配置的经济学基础上,运用经济学基本理论和实地调研资料分析了水资源配置对民勤绿洲沙漠化地区生态农业的影响。在对民勤地区生态农业影响的实证分析中,本文通过分析对农业产业结构之间的水资源配置,得出对生态农业的影响。
实证分析表明,粮食作物的单位水经济效益低下在民勤绿洲沙漠化地区会造成许多不良后果,主要表现在：首先是农民收入增长缓慢,还会造成水资源的浪费；其次是农业生产用水价格偏低,甚至低于成本价格；最后是严重挫伤农民的生产积极性,影响农业作为国民经济基础产业的稳定性。
最后得出结论,在民勤县这样一个水资源匮乏的地区,应该加快农业产业结构的调整,优化农业种植结构,控制农业灌溉规模,减少农业用水总量,把挤占的生态用水挤出来,种植经济价值高、商品率高、有利于节约水资源的经济作物。
在此基础上,本文提出了四项水资源配置与生态农业协调发展的途径：第一水票管理机制；第二,健全政府的水资源管理体制；第三,节水高效的生态农业机制；第四,提高公众节水效益机制。
The water rights theory is the important basis of allocation of water resources. Under the conditions of the socialist market economy, the author study the use of water rights and water market theory, to achieve optimal allocation and sustainable use of water resources, improve water use efficiency, which must be resolved problem by water reform, but also the modern water and sustainable development of water resources the only way.
This paper discusses the water rights content, features, water resources allocation model, using the basic theory of economics and local data analysis the impact of water resources of the Minqin oasis desertification area on the impact of ecological agriculture.The empirical analysis in Minqin ecological industry,the paper analyzes the water resources deploy of agricultural agriculture,draw on the impact of ecological agriculture.
Empirical analysis shows that the lower unit water benefits in the Minqin oasis desertification area will cause many bad effects,manily:The first is the slow growth of peasant incomes, and even fell back into poverty again; The next is low prices of water for agricultural production; The last is seriously dampened the enthusiasm of the farmers produce, affecting agriculture as the stability of the national economy.
Finally,it is concluded that in Minqin, a scarcity of water resources area, should speed up the adjustment of agricultural structure, optimize agricultural planting structure,control the scale of agricultural irrigation,reduce agricultural water use, squee out the miuse of the ecological water. Cultivate the high economic value, high commodity rate and conducive to water saving crops.
On this basis, this paper presents four coordinated water resources and eco-agriculture development way:first, the water certificate management mechanism; second, strengthen the governments water management mechanism; third, water-saving and high efficient mechanisms for eco-agriculture; fourth, to raise public water-saving benefits mechanism.
引文
① http://www.waterrinfo.net.cn/2002-09-30.
①《中华人民共和国宪法》第9条.
②《中华人民共和国宪法》第3条
①《中华人民共和国水法》第12条第2款.
②《中华人民共和国水法》第12条第3款.
③《中华人民共和国水法》第12条第4款
① http://baike.baidu.com/view/49678.htm?fr=ala0_1
[1]陈锋.水权交易的经济分析[D].
[2]MANUEL A, MARTIN U. Local water markets for irrigation in south Spain:a multicriteria approach[J].The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics,2002,46(1):21-43.
[3]JAVIER C,ALBERTO G Modelling water markets under uncertain water supply[J].European Review of Agricultural Economics,2005,32(2):119-142.
[4]VAUX HJ,HOWITTR E.Managing water scarcity:an evaluation of interregional transfers[J].Water Resources Research,1984,20:785-792.
[5]NIR B.Value moving from central planning to market system:lessons from the Israeli water sector[J].Agricultural Economi,1995,1(12):11-21.
[6]DONNA B.Water policy reform in Australia:lessons from the Victorian seasonal water market[J].The Australian Journal of Agricultral and Resource Economics,2005,50.403-423.
[7]HOWE CW,CHRISTOPHER G.Water transfers and their impacts:lessons from three Colorado water markets[J].Journal of the American Water Resourcess Association,2003,39,(5):1055-1065.
[8]邓生菊.陈炜.水资源约束条件下民勤县农业产业结构优化研究[J].贵州农业科学2009.08：218-221.
[9]陈翠华.水权配置模式在张掖节水型社会建设中的应用[J].工程科学,2009.02：88.
[10]刘二伟.水资源配置中生态环境需水问题探讨[J].现代商贸工业,2009.03：283.
[11]朱启林.甘泓.游进军.甘治国.王琳.付意成.基于规则的水资源配置模型应用研究,2009.03：1.
[12]姚树荣.张杰.中国水权交易与水市场制度的经济学分析[J].经济与管理学分析,2007.4：108.
[13]李海红.王光谦.水权交易机理分析[J].水力发电学报,2005.4：104.
[14]胡剑波.论中国水权制度的变迁与创新[D].
[15]尼庆伟、杨凤林、吴文业、李宇斌.康平县水资源配置大系统多目标模型[J].大连理工大学学报,2009.03：340.
[16]范黎.王舒曼.水资源市场化的经济分析及实现途径-东阳、义乌的水权交易引发的思考[J].云南地理环境研究,2002.01：31.
[17]裴丽萍.水权制度初论[J].中国法学,2001.02：101.
[18]石玉波.关于水权与水市场的几点认识[J].中国水利,2001.02：31.
[19]王亚华.水权解释[M].上海：上海三联书店,2005.
[20]肖乾刚.自然资源法[M].北京：法律出版社,1992.
[21]熊向阻.水权的法律和经济内涵分析[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2002.
[22]冯尚友：水资源持续利用与管理导论[M].北京,科学出版社,2000.
[23]沈满洪.陈锋.我国水权理论研究述评[J].浙江社会科学,2002.05：1.
[24]柳长顺.刘昌明.杨红.流域水资源合理配置与管理研究[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2007.
[25]李晶.中国水权[M].北京：知识产权出版社.2008.
[26]张格铖.水权理论对水资源优化配置的影响研究[D].
[27]聂华林.高新才.杨建国.发展生态经济学导论[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,2006.
[28]高鸿业.《西方经济学》.中国人民大学出版社,2004.
[29]赵海林.赵敏.郑垂勇.关于完善我国水价机制的研究和思考[J].研究与探讨,2004.3：30-31.
[30]张格铖.水权理论对水资源优化配置的影响研究[D].
[31]徐先英.于国栋.孙保平.内陆河下游民勤绿洲主要防风固沙植被生态需水量研究[J].水土保持学报,2007.03：11.
[32]王世金.何元庆.赵成章.西北内陆河流域水资源优化配置与可持续利用-以石羊河流域民勤县为例[J].水土保持研究,2008.10：23.
①《中华人民共和国宪法》第9条.
②《中华人民共和国宪法》第3条
①《中华人民共和国水法》第12条第2款.
②《中华人民共和国水法》第12条第3款.
③《中华人民共和国水法》第12条第4款
① http://baike.baidu.com/view/49678.htm?fr=ala0_1
[1]陈锋.水权交易的经济分析[D].
[2]MANUEL A, MARTIN U. Local water markets for irrigation in south Spain:a multicriteria approach[J].The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics,2002,46(1):21-43.
[3]JAVIER C,ALBERTO G Modelling water markets under uncertain water supply[J].European Review of Agricultural Economics,2005,32(2):119-142.
[4]VAUX HJ,HOWITTR E.Managing water scarcity:an evaluation of interregional transfers[J].Water Resources Research,1984,20:785-792.
[5]NIR B.Value moving from central planning to market system:lessons from the Israeli water sector[J].Agricultural Economi,1995,1(12):11-21.
[6]DONNA B.Water policy reform in Australia:lessons from the Victorian seasonal water market[J].The Australian Journal of Agricultral and Resource Economics,2005,50.403-423.
[7]HOWE CW,CHRISTOPHER G.Water transfers and their impacts:lessons from three Colorado water markets[J].Journal of the American Water Resourcess Association,2003,39,(5):1055-1065.
[8]邓生菊.陈炜.水资源约束条件下民勤县农业产业结构优化研究[J].贵州农业科学2009.08：218-221.
[9]陈翠华.水权配置模式在张掖节水型社会建设中的应用[J].工程科学,2009.02：88.
[10]刘二伟.水资源配置中生态环境需水问题探讨[J].现代商贸工业,2009.03：283.
[11]朱启林.甘泓.游进军.甘治国.王琳.付意成.基于规则的水资源配置模型应用研究,2009.03：1.
[12]姚树荣.张杰.中国水权交易与水市场制度的经济学分析[J].经济与管理学分析,2007.4：108.
[13]李海红.王光谦.水权交易机理分析[J].水力发电学报,2005.4：104.
[14]胡剑波.论中国水权制度的变迁与创新[D].
[15]尼庆伟、杨凤林、吴文业、李宇斌.康平县水资源配置大系统多目标模型[J].大连理工大学学报,2009.03：340.
[16]范黎.王舒曼.水资源市场化的经济分析及实现途径-东阳、义乌的水权交易引发的思考[J].云南地理环境研究,2002.01：31.
[17]裴丽萍.水权制度初论[J].中国法学,2001.02：101.
[18]石玉波.关于水权与水市场的几点认识[J].中国水利,2001.02：31.
[19]王亚华.水权解释[M].上海：上海三联书店,2005.
[20]肖乾刚.自然资源法[M].北京：法律出版社,1992.
[21]熊向阻.水权的法律和经济内涵分析[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2002.
[22]冯尚友：水资源持续利用与管理导论[M].北京,科学出版社,2000.
[23]沈满洪.陈锋.我国水权理论研究述评[J].浙江社会科学,2002.05：1.
[24]柳长顺.刘昌明.杨红.流域水资源合理配置与管理研究[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2007.
[25]李晶.中国水权[M].北京：知识产权出版社.2008.
[26]张格铖.水权理论对水资源优化配置的影响研究[D].
[27]聂华林.高新才.杨建国.发展生态经济学导论[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,2006.
[28]高鸿业.《西方经济学》.中国人民大学出版社,2004.
[29]赵海林.赵敏.郑垂勇.关于完善我国水价机制的研究和思考[J].研究与探讨,2004.3：30-31.
[30]张格铖.水权理论对水资源优化配置的影响研究[D].
[31]徐先英.于国栋.孙保平.内陆河下游民勤绿洲主要防风固沙植被生态需水量研究[J].水土保持学报,2007.03：11.
[32]王世金.何元庆.赵成章.西北内陆河流域水资源优化配置与可持续利用-以石羊河流域民勤县为例[J].水土保持研究,2008.10：23.