尾流光特性研究中气泡图像的处理算法
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摘要
尾流即运动的气泡幕。尾流光学特性及其应用是国内外科学研究的一个新领域,在军用和民用方面有着重要的意义。运动气泡的研究是尾流研究的基础,利用数字图像处理技术研究运动气泡幕是一种全新的探测分析方法。它与传统的运动气泡探测分析方法相比,具有直观、实时、高效、易于工程化等优点。对运动气泡光学特性、几何特性和运动特性的研究结果可以广泛地应用到很多领域,例如鱼雷制导、舰船推进、水质监测、医学超声、海洋鱼群探测等。本文根据对运动气泡幕的光学特性、探测技术和探测器特性分析,设计了一套运动气泡图像采集分析系统。首先,根据气泡的特性,分析图像采集系统的要求,选择合适的照明方式、拍摄器件和数据传输器件,在此基础上,搭建了运动气泡图像采集平台,采集了大量适合后续处理的气泡图像;其次,根据不同的拍摄方式,将获取的气泡图像分为静态运动气泡图像、动态运动气泡图像和序列静态运动气泡图像三种类型,针对每一类图像的特点和图像中可能包含的气泡特性,建立了不同的运动气泡图像处理流程;第三,对于不同处理流程中应用的各类图像处理技术进行了详细的算法分析、选优,使整个运动气泡图像处理流程完整化、实用化。最后,对获得的各类运动气泡图像进行了处理,从中获得运动气泡幕中气泡的几何特性和运动特性,验证了三种运动气泡图像处理流程和流程中各类图像处理技术具体算法的可行性。
Wake is motive bubble film. Wake optical characteristics and application is a new domain of international and national science research, it has a important significance in military and civilian industry. Wake is motive bubble film, research of motive bubble is basis of Wake research. Using digital image process technology is a fire-new detection and analytic method. Compare with traditional method of motive bubble detection and analysis, it has some advantages, such as visibility, real time, high-efficient, easily realized in projects, and so on. Motive bubble's research result in optical, geometrical and movable characteristics widely applied in many domains. For example, guidance and control of fish torpedo, thruster of ship, supervision of water quality, medical ultrasonic instrument, ocean fish detection, etc. This dissertation put forwards a set of motive bubble image collection and analysis system, based on analysis of motive bubble film's optical characteristic, detective technology and detector characteristic. Firstly, according the character of motive bubble, analyse the requirements of image collection system, choose appropriate illuminating method, camera and data transfer device; based on those, build a motive bubble image collection platform. Collect a lots of bubble images which adapt to successive process. Secondly, based on different photographic method, bubble image is divided to static state motive bubble image, dynastic motive bubble image and sequence motive bubble image; according to each kind of image's peculiarities and possible bubble characteristic included in image, build different process procedure of motive bubble image. Thirdly, According to the result which detailedly analyse and choose optimum algorithms of every image process technologies applied in different process procedures, make whole motive bubble image process procedure integrity and realization. Finally, Using image process technology process the each kind of motive bubble image which get from experience, get the geometrical and movable characteristics of bubbles in motive bubble film, prove the feasibility of three kinds of motive bubble image process
procedures and detailed algorithms of every image process technologies in procedures.
Wake is motive bubble film. Wake optical characteristics and application is a new domain of international and national science research, it has a important significance in military and civilian industry. Wake is motive bubble film, research of motive bubble is basis of Wake research. Using digital image process technology is a fire-new detection and analytic method. Compare with traditional method of motive bubble detection and analysis, it has some advantages, such as visibility, real time, high-efficient, easily realized in projects, and so on. Motive bubble's research result in optical, geometrical and movable characteristics widely applied in many domains. For example, guidance and control of fish torpedo, thruster of ship, supervision of water quality, medical ultrasonic instrument, ocean fish detection, etc. This dissertation put forwards a set of motive bubble image collection and analysis system, based on analysis of motive bubble film's optical characteristic, detective technology and detector characteristic. Firstly, according the character of motive bubble, analyse the requirements of image collection system, choose appropriate illuminating method, camera and data transfer device; based on those, build a motive bubble image collection platform. Collect a lots of bubble images which adapt to successive process. Secondly, based on different photographic method, bubble image is divided to static state motive bubble image, dynastic motive bubble image and sequence motive bubble image; according to each kind of image's peculiarities and possible bubble characteristic included in image, build different process procedure of motive bubble image. Thirdly, According to the result which detailedly analyse and choose optimum algorithms of every image process technologies applied in different process procedures, make whole motive bubble image process procedure integrity and realization. Finally, Using image process technology process the each kind of motive bubble image which get from experience, get the geometrical and movable characteristics of bubbles in motive bubble film, prove the feasibility of three kinds of motive bubble image process
procedures and detailed algorithms of every image process technologies in procedures.
引文
1.超气泡发生器洗衣机http://www.gdtg.com.cn/dongning.htm
2.污水处理去油气浮装置:HRA(W)F型气浮设备介绍http://www.myearth.com.cn/zxrx/jsfa0730/more-jsfa.htm
3.气泡喷墨打印机http://www.canon.com.cn/aboutus/about-3_5.html
4.微气泡在医学成像中的应用与发展http://www.yxyxjs.com/Article/JISHU/US/200505/192_2.html
5.SPA的由来http://www.hblife.com.hk/e/product/produet_detail.asp?sku=35
6.黄汉云,蒋东东,谢悦.铝合金舌簧阀的压铸模设计.压力铸造,2004(6):48-49.
7.对海浪气泡的定量化分析有助于研究温室气体循环和气候变化http://www.ccchina.gov.cn/source/ab/ab2002082902.htm
8.单个气泡破裂时内部温度是太阳4倍http://gb.chinabroadcast.cn/7383/2005/03/11/664@476834.htm
9.美俄科学家“气泡核聚变”研究成果引发争论http://www.xj.cninfo.net/new/20020307/tech/tech23279.htm
10.科学家研究单个气泡声致发光过程http://www.china.org.cn/chinese/TEC-c/181607.htm
11.王献孚,熊鳌魁.高等流体力学.华中科技大学出版社,2003.
12.岳升好,吕欣荣,张存有,周伟东.螺旋桨尾流流场的数值计算.大连海事大学学报,2004,30(1):29,30.
13.美军点评中国海军潜艇部队.http://bbs.eastday.corn/allforum/521/10/05211013772.htm
14.程文,周孝德,郭瑾珑,李华.水中气泡上升速度的实验研究.西安理工大学学报,2000,18(1):57-60.
15.邹焕新,匡纲要,郁文贤.一种从SAR海洋图像中检测舰船航迹的算法.现代雷达,2004,26(1):41-44.
16.张宇,张永刚,黄韦艮,搂琇林.一种利用SAR图像检测船舶尾迹的方法.国土资源遥感,2003(1):56-58.
17.王世庆,金亚秋.SAR图像船行尾迹检测的Radon变换和形态学图像处理技术.遥感学报2001,5(4):289-294.
18. K. Oumansoun. "Multifrequency SAR observation of a ship wake". IEEE Proc. Radar Sonar Nav. 143,275-280(1996).
19. N. R. Stapleton. "Ship wake in radar imagery". Int. J. Remote Sens. 18, 1381-1386(1997).
20. J. M. Kuo. "Ship wake detection in synthetic aperture radar images using a combination of a wavelet correlator and Radon transform". Optical Engineering, 41(3) 686-696(2002).
21.张建生,刘建康,冀邦杰,等.尾流气泡幕光学特性的数理模型.光子学报,2002,31(8):1032-1036.
22.张建生,刘建康,张义安,等.尾流光学特性的数理模型及试验.西安工业学院学报,2003,23(1):1～10.
23.张建生,刘建康,冀邦杰等.真实尾流的光学特性.光子学报,2002,31(10):1284-1288.
24.张建生.尾流的光学特性研究与测量.博士论文,2001.
25.张建生,吕青,孙传东,卢笛,陈良益.高速摄影技术对水中气泡运动规律的研究.光子学报,2000,29(10):952-955.
26.纪延俊.激光尾流探测技术的研究与实验.硕士论文,2004.
27.纪延俊,马祥,何俊华,郑黎,陈良益.尾流中气泡对光传播的影响.光子学报,2004,33(5):626-628.
28.王红梅,潘广东,王超等.利用遥感技术监测船舶航速的方法研究.遥感学报,2001,5(2):149-153.
29.刘克哲.物理学(上).Ⅳ.04.北京:高等教育出版社,1999.
30. F Pereira, M Gharib. Defocusing digital particle image velocimetry and the three-dimensional characterization of two-phase flows. Meas. Sci. Technol,2002(13):683-694.
31.章毓晋.图像处理和分析[M].清华大学出版社,2002.
32.章毓晋.图像理解与计算机视觉[M].清华大学出版社,2002.
33.飞思科技产品研发中心.MATLAB 6.5辅助图像处理[M].电子工业出版社,2003.
34.孙家广,杨长贵.计算机图形学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997.
35. Rogers David F. Procedural Elements for computer Graphics. 2nd, ed. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2002.
36. Dunlavery M R. Efficient polygon-filling algorithms for raster displays. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1983,2(4):264-273.
37.吴立德.计算机视觉.上海:复旦大学出版社,1993.
38.任继成.区域填充扫描线算法的改进.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,1998,10(6):481-486.
39.吴章文,杨代伦,勾成俊,罗正明.区域填充极点判别算法.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2003,15(8):979-983.
40.杨敬安,张奠成.三维数字图象Euler数新的有效计算法.应用科学学报,1992,10(4).
41.陈皓华,邢汉承.距离变换细化算法的改进及实现.小型微型计算机系统,1996,17(3):6-12.
42.吴丹.一种快速准确的细化算法.计算机与现代化,2003(1),6-8.
43.陈庆虎,赵云,刘鸿翔.一种简单高效的二值图像并行细化算法PABIT.武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2004,28(2):270-273.
44.周南,崔屹.基于数学形态学的骨架抽取算法.计算机工程与应用,1997,33(5):43-46.
45.彭钧.基于Radon变换的噪声图像内规则形状目标的识别.微计算机信息,2003,19(17):84-85.
46.张玲华,朱幼莲.用零交叉方法对图像进行边界检测的研究与实现.南京邮电学院学报,1997,17(3):46-50.
47.王振杰,肖正光,盛焕烨.一种基于零交叉的图像边缘检测的改进方法.计算机工程,2003,29(22):21-23.
48.陈虎,王守尊,周朝辉.基于数学形态学的图像边缘检测方法研究.工程图学学报,2004(2):112-115.
49.杨枝灵,王开 等.数字图像获取、处理及实践应用[M].人民邮电出版社,2003.
50.任清论,朱方文,袁政鹏,成霞.一种用于目标跟踪的人工特征点提取算法.机电一体化,2004(2):30-33.
51.曲仕茹,史忠科.基于飞行器图像的目标跟踪方法研究.飞行力学,2001,19(4):81-84.
2.污水处理去油气浮装置:HRA(W)F型气浮设备介绍http://www.myearth.com.cn/zxrx/jsfa0730/more-jsfa.htm
3.气泡喷墨打印机http://www.canon.com.cn/aboutus/about-3_5.html
4.微气泡在医学成像中的应用与发展http://www.yxyxjs.com/Article/JISHU/US/200505/192_2.html
5.SPA的由来http://www.hblife.com.hk/e/product/produet_detail.asp?sku=35
6.黄汉云,蒋东东,谢悦.铝合金舌簧阀的压铸模设计.压力铸造,2004(6):48-49.
7.对海浪气泡的定量化分析有助于研究温室气体循环和气候变化http://www.ccchina.gov.cn/source/ab/ab2002082902.htm
8.单个气泡破裂时内部温度是太阳4倍http://gb.chinabroadcast.cn/7383/2005/03/11/664@476834.htm
9.美俄科学家“气泡核聚变”研究成果引发争论http://www.xj.cninfo.net/new/20020307/tech/tech23279.htm
10.科学家研究单个气泡声致发光过程http://www.china.org.cn/chinese/TEC-c/181607.htm
11.王献孚,熊鳌魁.高等流体力学.华中科技大学出版社,2003.
12.岳升好,吕欣荣,张存有,周伟东.螺旋桨尾流流场的数值计算.大连海事大学学报,2004,30(1):29,30.
13.美军点评中国海军潜艇部队.http://bbs.eastday.corn/allforum/521/10/05211013772.htm
14.程文,周孝德,郭瑾珑,李华.水中气泡上升速度的实验研究.西安理工大学学报,2000,18(1):57-60.
15.邹焕新,匡纲要,郁文贤.一种从SAR海洋图像中检测舰船航迹的算法.现代雷达,2004,26(1):41-44.
16.张宇,张永刚,黄韦艮,搂琇林.一种利用SAR图像检测船舶尾迹的方法.国土资源遥感,2003(1):56-58.
17.王世庆,金亚秋.SAR图像船行尾迹检测的Radon变换和形态学图像处理技术.遥感学报2001,5(4):289-294.
18. K. Oumansoun. "Multifrequency SAR observation of a ship wake". IEEE Proc. Radar Sonar Nav. 143,275-280(1996).
19. N. R. Stapleton. "Ship wake in radar imagery". Int. J. Remote Sens. 18, 1381-1386(1997).
20. J. M. Kuo. "Ship wake detection in synthetic aperture radar images using a combination of a wavelet correlator and Radon transform". Optical Engineering, 41(3) 686-696(2002).
21.张建生,刘建康,冀邦杰,等.尾流气泡幕光学特性的数理模型.光子学报,2002,31(8):1032-1036.
22.张建生,刘建康,张义安,等.尾流光学特性的数理模型及试验.西安工业学院学报,2003,23(1):1～10.
23.张建生,刘建康,冀邦杰等.真实尾流的光学特性.光子学报,2002,31(10):1284-1288.
24.张建生.尾流的光学特性研究与测量.博士论文,2001.
25.张建生,吕青,孙传东,卢笛,陈良益.高速摄影技术对水中气泡运动规律的研究.光子学报,2000,29(10):952-955.
26.纪延俊.激光尾流探测技术的研究与实验.硕士论文,2004.
27.纪延俊,马祥,何俊华,郑黎,陈良益.尾流中气泡对光传播的影响.光子学报,2004,33(5):626-628.
28.王红梅,潘广东,王超等.利用遥感技术监测船舶航速的方法研究.遥感学报,2001,5(2):149-153.
29.刘克哲.物理学(上).Ⅳ.04.北京:高等教育出版社,1999.
30. F Pereira, M Gharib. Defocusing digital particle image velocimetry and the three-dimensional characterization of two-phase flows. Meas. Sci. Technol,2002(13):683-694.
31.章毓晋.图像处理和分析[M].清华大学出版社,2002.
32.章毓晋.图像理解与计算机视觉[M].清华大学出版社,2002.
33.飞思科技产品研发中心.MATLAB 6.5辅助图像处理[M].电子工业出版社,2003.
34.孙家广,杨长贵.计算机图形学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997.
35. Rogers David F. Procedural Elements for computer Graphics. 2nd, ed. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2002.
36. Dunlavery M R. Efficient polygon-filling algorithms for raster displays. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1983,2(4):264-273.
37.吴立德.计算机视觉.上海:复旦大学出版社,1993.
38.任继成.区域填充扫描线算法的改进.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,1998,10(6):481-486.
39.吴章文,杨代伦,勾成俊,罗正明.区域填充极点判别算法.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2003,15(8):979-983.
40.杨敬安,张奠成.三维数字图象Euler数新的有效计算法.应用科学学报,1992,10(4).
41.陈皓华,邢汉承.距离变换细化算法的改进及实现.小型微型计算机系统,1996,17(3):6-12.
42.吴丹.一种快速准确的细化算法.计算机与现代化,2003(1),6-8.
43.陈庆虎,赵云,刘鸿翔.一种简单高效的二值图像并行细化算法PABIT.武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2004,28(2):270-273.
44.周南,崔屹.基于数学形态学的骨架抽取算法.计算机工程与应用,1997,33(5):43-46.
45.彭钧.基于Radon变换的噪声图像内规则形状目标的识别.微计算机信息,2003,19(17):84-85.
46.张玲华,朱幼莲.用零交叉方法对图像进行边界检测的研究与实现.南京邮电学院学报,1997,17(3):46-50.
47.王振杰,肖正光,盛焕烨.一种基于零交叉的图像边缘检测的改进方法.计算机工程,2003,29(22):21-23.
48.陈虎,王守尊,周朝辉.基于数学形态学的图像边缘检测方法研究.工程图学学报,2004(2):112-115.
49.杨枝灵,王开 等.数字图像获取、处理及实践应用[M].人民邮电出版社,2003.
50.任清论,朱方文,袁政鹏,成霞.一种用于目标跟踪的人工特征点提取算法.机电一体化,2004(2):30-33.
51.曲仕茹,史忠科.基于飞行器图像的目标跟踪方法研究.飞行力学,2001,19(4):81-84.