建筑内部消火栓环状给水系统设计优化的研究
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摘要
建筑消防是建筑给排水工程设计中最重要的部分，目前在我国室内消火栓灭火系统又是建筑消防最基本、普遍采用的方式。长期以来，习惯环状管网管径按枝状管网计算，管径偏大，造成浪费。
本论文在介绍消火栓系统的组成、特点的基础上，分析研究总结了消火栓系统的给水方式。以竖向分区和分区采用得的关键设备将给水方式分成了10种基本形式，讨论了每种形式的性能，在实际工程中可根据建筑物结构的不同进行组合和扩展。此外，对存有争议的稳高压给水系统，分析了将该系统从临时高压给水系统中单独分出的可能性和必要性，给出了稳高压给水系统的给水方式。
讨论了消防过程中环状管网中的水流状态。认为某一点着火后，不仅是计算管路有水流通过，其他管路也有水流经过，消火栓环状管网的管径应通过计算确定。在此基础上，针对建筑物同时着火点只有一处而消火栓系统只有一处出水的情况下环状管网的水流特点，提出了一种新的环状管网的水力计算方法，利用有限单元法建立数学模型。该方法在计算水头损失、管段流量、消火栓节点压力等方面比传统方法要更加准确，也可被借鉴到室内或室外的给水管网计算，并优于常见的哈代-克罗斯管网平差方法。编制了计算程序，为工程设计提供了一个计算准确、使用方便的计算软件。
通过对工程实例的计算结果分析表明，在按理论计算时，环状消火栓给水系统管道管径小于规范最小管径要求，建议《建筑设计防火规范》和《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》采用。
Fire protection of buildings is the most important of buildings water supply and drainage engineering design. Fire hydrant system is the basic and extensively adopted technique of buildings fire protection at present in our country. We have been used to calculate the diameter of ringed piping according to ramiform piping, then it result in the bigger diameter and wasting of investment.
This paper studied and summarized the water supply mode based on the research of characteristic and constitution of fire hydrant system. The paper gave 10 basic modes of water supply according to vertical division block and the key equipment in the block division, and it also discuss the performance of every mode. The modes can be expanded and fit together in the practice of engineering according to the difference of buildings' construction. Besides, the paper analyzed the disputing system of steady high pressure water supply, and pointed out the possibility and necessity of classifying this system out from temporary high pressure and constant high pressure water supply system, and listed modes of steady high pressure water supply system.
This paper discussed the modality of ringed piping in the procedure of fire fighting. It figured out that there was flow of water not only in the calculated pipeline but also in other pipelines and that diameters of hydrant ringed piping should be ensured after calculation. On this base, the paper gave a new way of hydraulic calculation according to the ringed hydrant piping characteristic that there is one region of fire at same time and there is one sprinkle region of hydrant system in the buildings. This method used FEM to build mathematic model. It is more accurate than traditional method at the aspect of calculating head loss, pipe flow and node pressure of hydrant. This mathematic model can also be used in the inside and outside of water supply piping calculation and It is excel Hardy Cross-piping calculation. A calculation program is made and an accurate convenient software is offered to engineering design.
Analyzed the outcome of an engineering practice calculation, the diameters value calculated in theory of hydrant ringed piping is less than the value of manual. So it is recommended that the conclusion should be accepted by <
本论文在介绍消火栓系统的组成、特点的基础上，分析研究总结了消火栓系统的给水方式。以竖向分区和分区采用得的关键设备将给水方式分成了10种基本形式，讨论了每种形式的性能，在实际工程中可根据建筑物结构的不同进行组合和扩展。此外，对存有争议的稳高压给水系统，分析了将该系统从临时高压给水系统中单独分出的可能性和必要性，给出了稳高压给水系统的给水方式。
讨论了消防过程中环状管网中的水流状态。认为某一点着火后，不仅是计算管路有水流通过，其他管路也有水流经过，消火栓环状管网的管径应通过计算确定。在此基础上，针对建筑物同时着火点只有一处而消火栓系统只有一处出水的情况下环状管网的水流特点，提出了一种新的环状管网的水力计算方法，利用有限单元法建立数学模型。该方法在计算水头损失、管段流量、消火栓节点压力等方面比传统方法要更加准确，也可被借鉴到室内或室外的给水管网计算，并优于常见的哈代-克罗斯管网平差方法。编制了计算程序，为工程设计提供了一个计算准确、使用方便的计算软件。
通过对工程实例的计算结果分析表明，在按理论计算时，环状消火栓给水系统管道管径小于规范最小管径要求，建议《建筑设计防火规范》和《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》采用。
Fire protection of buildings is the most important of buildings water supply and drainage engineering design. Fire hydrant system is the basic and extensively adopted technique of buildings fire protection at present in our country. We have been used to calculate the diameter of ringed piping according to ramiform piping, then it result in the bigger diameter and wasting of investment.
This paper studied and summarized the water supply mode based on the research of characteristic and constitution of fire hydrant system. The paper gave 10 basic modes of water supply according to vertical division block and the key equipment in the block division, and it also discuss the performance of every mode. The modes can be expanded and fit together in the practice of engineering according to the difference of buildings' construction. Besides, the paper analyzed the disputing system of steady high pressure water supply, and pointed out the possibility and necessity of classifying this system out from temporary high pressure and constant high pressure water supply system, and listed modes of steady high pressure water supply system.
This paper discussed the modality of ringed piping in the procedure of fire fighting. It figured out that there was flow of water not only in the calculated pipeline but also in other pipelines and that diameters of hydrant ringed piping should be ensured after calculation. On this base, the paper gave a new way of hydraulic calculation according to the ringed hydrant piping characteristic that there is one region of fire at same time and there is one sprinkle region of hydrant system in the buildings. This method used FEM to build mathematic model. It is more accurate than traditional method at the aspect of calculating head loss, pipe flow and node pressure of hydrant. This mathematic model can also be used in the inside and outside of water supply piping calculation and It is excel Hardy Cross-piping calculation. A calculation program is made and an accurate convenient software is offered to engineering design.
Analyzed the outcome of an engineering practice calculation, the diameters value calculated in theory of hydrant ringed piping is less than the value of manual. So it is recommended that the conclusion should be accepted by <
> and <> .
引文
[1]高层民用建筑设计防火规范(GB50045-95)(1997年版)．北京：中国计划出版社
[2]NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe, Private Hydrant, and Hose Systems, 2000 Edition
[3]蒋永琨主编．高层建筑防火设计手册．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2000
[4]陈耀宗，姜文源，胡鹤均主编．建筑给水排水设计手册．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1992
[5]姜文源主编，朱吕通主审．建筑灭火设计手册．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[6]建筑设计防火规范(GBJ15—87)．北京：中国计划出版社，2001
[7]陈方肃．高层建筑给水排水设计手册．长沙：湖南大学出版社，2001
[8]钱维生．高层建筑给水工程．上海：同济大学出版社，1989
[9]赵基兴．建筑给排水实用技巧．广东：广东科技出版社，1997
[10]姜文源主编，吴以仁、林存声副主编．气压给水技术．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1993
[11]王增长主编．建筑给水排水工程(第4版)．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1998
[12]建筑给水排水工程设计实例编委会．建筑给水排水工程实例．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2001
[13]杜一民主审，陈方肃主编．高层建筑给水排水设计手册(第二版)．长沙：湖南科技出版社，2002
[14]刘文华．区域集中消火栓给水系统探讨，给水排水，No．6，2001
[15]严煦世，赵洪宾．给水管网理论和计算．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1986
[16]高羽飞，建筑内部管道局部水头损失计算新方法，西安建筑科技大学学报，1996．3
[17]清华大学热能工程学郑洽，鲁钟琪主编．流体力学．北京：机械工业出版社，1980
[18]李念慈等编著，建筑消防给水系统的设计施工监理，北京：中国建材工业出版社，2002
[19]黄国元，陆仲达，姜文源．稳压泵的压力设定和扬程确定，给水排水，No．7，1999
[20]Lewis, J.R. Englewood Cliffs. Support System for Buildings. N.Y.: Prentice-Hall, 1986
[21][苏]A．M．库尔干诺夫、H-φ．菲得洛夫合著．给水排水系统水力计算手册．郭连起译．北京：中国建筑工业出版社。
[22]严煦世，范瑾初主编．许保玖主审．给水工程．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1999
[22]Sullivan, James A. Plumbing, installation and design. Reston, Publishing, 1986
[23]杨泮池，崔荣泉，曲小钢编著．计算方法．西安：陕西科学技术出版社，1996
[24]王继明．给水排水管道工程．北京：清华大学出版社，1989
[25]Kiya, Fumitoshi. Design Load for Water Supply in Building. Rotterdam : A.A.balkema, 1989
[26]海潮，孙丽华著．消防系统设计与工程实践．北京：科学出版社，1999
[27]工业部第二研究设计院主编．给水排水设计手册(第二册)室内给水排水
[28]王秉愚．有限元法程序设计．北京：北京理工大学出版社，1991
[29]Lewis, J.R. Englewood Cliffs. Support System for Buildings. N.Y.: Prentice-Hall, 1986
[30]Birdcage Walk. Pipe work design and operation 19-20 Februry 1985,1. London: Mechanical Engineering Publications, 1985
[31]刘晓海．对防火设计规范的几点思考．给水排水．No．10 2001
[32]Garrett.R.H.. Hot and cold Water supply. Oxford: Bsp Professional Books, 1991
[33]吴锡福，李之平．高层建筑定压式消防给水研讨．给水排水．No．8 1994
[33][美]Wiley & Sons公司．科学运算BASICA子程序库．常智杰，程建钢，赵淑莉，陈天佑编译．杨凌：天则出版社，1990
[35][美]Olafsen,E.，Scribner,k.，White,K．D．等著．MFC Visual C++6编程技术内幕，王建华等译，北京：机械工业出版社，2000．2
[35]官章全等编，Visual C++．NET类库大全，北京：电子工业出版社，2002.1
[2]NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe, Private Hydrant, and Hose Systems, 2000 Edition
[3]蒋永琨主编．高层建筑防火设计手册．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2000
[4]陈耀宗，姜文源，胡鹤均主编．建筑给水排水设计手册．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1992
[5]姜文源主编，朱吕通主审．建筑灭火设计手册．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[6]建筑设计防火规范(GBJ15—87)．北京：中国计划出版社，2001
[7]陈方肃．高层建筑给水排水设计手册．长沙：湖南大学出版社，2001
[8]钱维生．高层建筑给水工程．上海：同济大学出版社，1989
[9]赵基兴．建筑给排水实用技巧．广东：广东科技出版社，1997
[10]姜文源主编，吴以仁、林存声副主编．气压给水技术．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1993
[11]王增长主编．建筑给水排水工程(第4版)．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1998
[12]建筑给水排水工程设计实例编委会．建筑给水排水工程实例．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2001
[13]杜一民主审，陈方肃主编．高层建筑给水排水设计手册(第二版)．长沙：湖南科技出版社，2002
[14]刘文华．区域集中消火栓给水系统探讨，给水排水，No．6，2001
[15]严煦世，赵洪宾．给水管网理论和计算．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1986
[16]高羽飞，建筑内部管道局部水头损失计算新方法，西安建筑科技大学学报，1996．3
[17]清华大学热能工程学郑洽，鲁钟琪主编．流体力学．北京：机械工业出版社，1980
[18]李念慈等编著，建筑消防给水系统的设计施工监理，北京：中国建材工业出版社，2002
[19]黄国元，陆仲达，姜文源．稳压泵的压力设定和扬程确定，给水排水，No．7，1999
[20]Lewis, J.R. Englewood Cliffs. Support System for Buildings. N.Y.: Prentice-Hall, 1986
[21][苏]A．M．库尔干诺夫、H-φ．菲得洛夫合著．给水排水系统水力计算手册．郭连起译．北京：中国建筑工业出版社。
[22]严煦世，范瑾初主编．许保玖主审．给水工程．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1999
[22]Sullivan, James A. Plumbing, installation and design. Reston, Publishing, 1986
[23]杨泮池，崔荣泉，曲小钢编著．计算方法．西安：陕西科学技术出版社，1996
[24]王继明．给水排水管道工程．北京：清华大学出版社，1989
[25]Kiya, Fumitoshi. Design Load for Water Supply in Building. Rotterdam : A.A.balkema, 1989
[26]海潮，孙丽华著．消防系统设计与工程实践．北京：科学出版社，1999
[27]工业部第二研究设计院主编．给水排水设计手册(第二册)室内给水排水
[28]王秉愚．有限元法程序设计．北京：北京理工大学出版社，1991
[29]Lewis, J.R. Englewood Cliffs. Support System for Buildings. N.Y.: Prentice-Hall, 1986
[30]Birdcage Walk. Pipe work design and operation 19-20 Februry 1985,1. London: Mechanical Engineering Publications, 1985
[31]刘晓海．对防火设计规范的几点思考．给水排水．No．10 2001
[32]Garrett.R.H.. Hot and cold Water supply. Oxford: Bsp Professional Books, 1991
[33]吴锡福，李之平．高层建筑定压式消防给水研讨．给水排水．No．8 1994
[33][美]Wiley & Sons公司．科学运算BASICA子程序库．常智杰，程建钢，赵淑莉，陈天佑编译．杨凌：天则出版社，1990
[35][美]Olafsen,E.，Scribner,k.，White,K．D．等著．MFC Visual C++6编程技术内幕，王建华等译，北京：机械工业出版社，2000．2
[35]官章全等编，Visual C++．NET类库大全，北京：电子工业出版社，2002.1