单振子双腔体压电泵的理论与实验研究
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摘要
压电泵是将压电体激发的振动直接作用于流体,使其产生动压或流量输出的一种新型压电驱动器,压电泵按结构可分为有阀式和无阀式两大类。无阀压电泵将传统泵的驱动源部分、传动部分及泵体三者合为一体,大大简化了压电泵的结构,提高了工作可靠性,更易于实现微小型化、输送带有悬浮颗粒的流体,因而在某些特殊场合有着重要的应用价值。
    本文在对无阀压电泵的基本特性研究的基础上,从提高无阀压电泵的输出流量和输出压力入手,提出了利用一个压电振子构成两个工作腔体的压电泵——单振子双腔体压电泵的设想,设计制造了单振子双腔体压电泵的样机,并利用压电学和流体力学等理论对压电泵进行了相关的理论分析,对样机进行了实验测试。为了使压电泵应用,用声音或音乐来控制压电泵喷水状态——声控压电泵,设计制作并调试了与单振子双腔体压电泵配套的声控电路板。
    1、绪论
    介绍了国内外压电泵的发展现状、并针对有阀和无阀压电泵的结构特点、工作原理进行了阐述,同时指出了压电泵总的发展趋势:结构尺寸微小化、低能耗、高输出精度方向发展。
    2、复合圆片型压电振子的振动分析及测试
    首先介绍压电材料、压电效应、压电振子振动模式等相关知识,给出了压电振子几何方程和本构方程,为压电振子的振动分析提供理论依据;对单振子双腔体压电泵所要求的特殊性能的压电振子做了特殊的绝缘处理,并对绝缘特性做了定性分析,同时沿径向方向测试了其不同点的变形量,得出了中心点变形量最大,沿径向越靠近边缘变形量越小。最后通过输入不同驱动电压信号实
    
    
    验,测试了绝缘压电振子中心点最大变形量,得出绝缘压电振子在矩形波驱动电压信号下变形量最大,正弦波驱动电压信号下变形量次之,三角波驱动电压信号下变形量最小;压电振子的变形量与驱动电压成正比关系,在不超过击穿电压情况下,电压越高,压电振子变形量越大。
    3、单振子双腔体压电泵的理论分析
    在对单振子单腔体无阀压电泵的研究基础上,提出了单振子双腔体无阀压电泵,设计并制作了样机,通过对单振子双腔体与单振子单腔体压电泵工作过程进行对比分析,说明了单振子双腔体压电泵提高了输出流量;阐述了与压电泵相关的流体力学的基本理论,并对无阀压电泵输出流量进行了定量分析;对影响单振子双腔体压电泵性能因素如:腔体结构和进、出水管道结构等进行了流态分析,为压电泵结构优化设计提供理论依据,尽量避免断面突变结构,减少局部水头损失,提高压电泵输出性能。
    4、单振子双腔体压电泵的实验研究
    主要以单振子双腔体压电泵的输出压力和流量为测试参数,对单振子双腔体与单振子单腔体压电泵的输出性能进行对比,试验结果表明:单振子双腔体比单振子单腔体压电泵的输出流量显著提高;
    对出水口长度、带锥角出水口长度、缓冲腔大小、两进水口与单进水口等因素对输出性能的影响进行了测试,结果表明:最佳出水口长度是出口直径的3~4倍;最佳缓冲腔直径为3.5~4毫米;两个进水口与一个进水口相比,输出流量、输出压力变化不大,但两个进水口产生的噪音较小;
    对单振子双腔体压电泵实验过程中出现的一些现象:压电泵腔体内产生气泡、噪音和产生的不连续射流等原因进行了分析,并提出了一些有效的改进措施。
    5、压电泵应用实例 — 试验样机开发与制作
    利用电子技术、结合单振子双腔泵样机制作了一个试验样机——声控压电喷泉。其特点是:
    
    灵敏度较高,喷泉状态随人们说话、关门的声音或音乐上下起伏变化。
    控制电路板尺寸小、成本低,与单振子双腔压电泵样机配合,构成了体积较小、外形美观的声控喷泉,适用于家庭、酒店、办公场所等,易于推广。
    声控电路板具有通用性,可以控制多个压电泵。
    本文的主要创新点:1、基于无阀压电泵输出能力较低,充分利用压电振子的两侧面作为工作面,首次提出了单振子双腔体无阀压电泵,对压电振子进行了较好的绝缘处理,并设计制作了样机;2、利用电子技术,结合单振子双腔体压电泵,制作了声控压电喷泉试验样机。
Piezoelectric Pump is a new-type PZT driver device, with acting the vibration produced by the PZT bimorph on fluid and produces pressure or flux output. According to their structures, PZT pumps can be divided into two categories, one with valves and another without valves. Actuator, gearing and pump body of traditional pump are integrated together in PZT pumps without valves. So it is of great valve in some special circumstance for its simplified structure, improved working reliability and possibility for miniaturization and transmission fluid with suspended granule.
    On the basic of fundamental character research of PZT pump without valve, beginning with the improvement of PZT pump’s flux and pressure output, this paper proposes an assumption, single-bimorph PZT pump with two chambers using one PZT bimorph to fabricate two chambers. Some samples are designed made experimentally tested. Related theoretical analysis is done using Piezoelectricity and hydromechanics. In order to control PZT pump’s ejecting status with sound or music, Circuit board controlled by sound suitable for single-bimorphed PZT pump with two chambers is design, fabricated and tested.
    Introduction
     This paper introduces current development of PZT pump inside are outside of our country. The structural characters and working principles of two different PZT pump are explained. In addition, PZT pump’s development tendency, structural miniaturization, low consumption of power and high output precision.
    The vibration analysis and test of bonding circular PZT bimorph
    At first, PZT material, PZT effect, vibration mode of PZT bimorph are introduced and geometry equation and constitutive equation of piezoelectric bimorph are given, providing theoretical warrant for PZT bimorph’s vibration analysis. Special insulation disposal to PZT bimorph with special characters is done and insulation trait is qualitatively analyzed. Radial deformation of PZT bimorph is tested, showing the center biggest, and deformation getting smaller closer to the edge. At last, central maximum deformation of insulated PZT bimorph by inputting different driven voltage signals is tested. Then we draw the conclusion that its deformation is the biggest by rectangular wave, bigger by sine wave, the smallest by triangle
    
    
    wave. The deformation of PZT bimorph is in positive proportion to it driven voltage and below the damage voltage, the higher is the voltage , the bigger is the PZT bimorph’s deformation.
    3. Theoretical analysis of single-bimorphed PZT pump with two chambers.
    On the basis of analysis to single-bimorphed single-chambered PZT pump without valve , the single-bimorphed single-chambered PZT pump is prospered designed and fabricated. Through comparing single-chambered pump to two-chambered pump higher flux output of single-bimorphed two-chambered PZT pump is explained. Basic theory of hydromechanics related with PZT pump is expounded. And quantitative analysis on PZT pump’s flux output is done . elements affecting single-bimorphed two-chambered PZT pump’s function are analyzed such as chamber structure and the structure of inlet and outlet pipe. All of this provides theoretical warrant for optimizing design of PZT pump avoids sectional salvations structure, decrease local pressure lose and improves PZT pump’s output ability .
    4. Experimental research of single-bimorphed PZT pump with two-chambered.
    Two-chambered PZT pump’s output ability is compared to that of single-chambered PZT pump, the output pressure and flux single-bimorphed two-chambered PZT pump acting as main tested parameters and the experiment shows that the output flux of former is obviously improved.
    Some elements affecting the output ability are tested such as outlet length, the length of with taper, the volume of glacis chamber two inlets and single inlet etc. and result is that the optical outlet length is three to four times the outlet diameter and the optical glacis chamber’s diameter is 3.5 to 4mm. Comparing two inlet to one inlet, output flux and pressure don’t change a lot,
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