矿井透地扩频通信系统的应用研究
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摘要
低频矿井透地通信系统以分层大地作为传输媒质，由于其信道特性不受矿井灾害事故的影响，该系统被认为是最可靠的生产和应急通信手段。然而由于一些技术难题的存在，使得对该系统的研究和开发受到一定的限制。本文在此背景下研究矿
井透地通信系统。
本文在分析和总结了矿井透地通信信道的传输特性的基础上，建立了其System View仿真模型；针对矿井通信的困难，首次提出了一种采用扩频技术、可数字化实现的矿井透地通信系统方案；并对该方案进行了理论分析及总体仿真，仿真结果及误码率分析表明了系统设计方案的可行性和有效性，为系统的设计奠定了基础；然后采用一种层次化芯片设计方法，设计了一种矿井透地通信专用芯片，并在Max+PlusII平台上完成了该芯片整体设计及芯片内部主要模块的设计与仿真，最后给出了芯片设计的顶层原理图。
本文提出的设计方案的最大特点是全数字化，可以在单芯片内完成数据编码、扩频、解扩功能，是一种高集成度的数字化扩频实现方案，具有较大的优越性。本文将层次化设计方法应用于芯片设计中，采用系统仿真软件进行方案分析和模块划分，并将各模块用硬件描述语言和原理图结合的方式来实现，完成了芯片的初步设计。
Low-frequency Trough-the-Earth communication for mine is seen as the most secure way of production and emergency communication because of its channel character not affected by emergency. However, the research and development of it is not yet satisfied due to several technical puzzles. In this case, the aim of this paper is to establish a communication system for coal mine.
The characteristics of mine through-the-earth communication channel are analyzed and summed up, together with its simulation model in System View is set up; based on which a project using spread-spectrum technology of mine through-the-earth communication system is proposed firstly, then the principle and performance of this system project are analyzed by use of theory analysis and simulation, the results demonstrated that the system scheme is practicable and effective, which is fundamental to the chip design. Lastly, a novel method of chip design is explained, and its main modules are designed and simulated on the platform Max+Plus II., the principle graph is given as well.
Based on the analysis of characteristics of mine through-the-earth communication channel, a simulation model in System View is set up, and aiming at difficulties of mine communication, a project of mine through-the-earth communication system using spread- spectrum technology is proposed for the first time, which is realizable digitally. Theoretical analysis and whole simulation of it are carried out, and the results demonstrate that the scheme is practicable and effective, which is fundamental to chip design. Then a special chip for mine through-the-earth communication is designed using the method of hierarchy design, whose main modules are designed and simulated on the platform of Max+Plus II., and finally the top principle figure is given as well.
The most outstanding characteristic of the proposed scheme is its full digitalization. It can accomplish several functions such as data encoding, spread spectrum modulation,
demodulation and etc. It is an advanced integrated and digitalized project that has an advantage over others. Project analysis and modularization are realized by use of simulation software, each module is implemented by the combination of VHDL and principle figure, and the initial design of the chip is accomplished making use of hierarchy design methodology.
井透地通信系统。
本文在分析和总结了矿井透地通信信道的传输特性的基础上，建立了其System View仿真模型；针对矿井通信的困难，首次提出了一种采用扩频技术、可数字化实现的矿井透地通信系统方案；并对该方案进行了理论分析及总体仿真，仿真结果及误码率分析表明了系统设计方案的可行性和有效性，为系统的设计奠定了基础；然后采用一种层次化芯片设计方法，设计了一种矿井透地通信专用芯片，并在Max+PlusII平台上完成了该芯片整体设计及芯片内部主要模块的设计与仿真，最后给出了芯片设计的顶层原理图。
本文提出的设计方案的最大特点是全数字化，可以在单芯片内完成数据编码、扩频、解扩功能，是一种高集成度的数字化扩频实现方案，具有较大的优越性。本文将层次化设计方法应用于芯片设计中，采用系统仿真软件进行方案分析和模块划分，并将各模块用硬件描述语言和原理图结合的方式来实现，完成了芯片的初步设计。
Low-frequency Trough-the-Earth communication for mine is seen as the most secure way of production and emergency communication because of its channel character not affected by emergency. However, the research and development of it is not yet satisfied due to several technical puzzles. In this case, the aim of this paper is to establish a communication system for coal mine.
The characteristics of mine through-the-earth communication channel are analyzed and summed up, together with its simulation model in System View is set up; based on which a project using spread-spectrum technology of mine through-the-earth communication system is proposed firstly, then the principle and performance of this system project are analyzed by use of theory analysis and simulation, the results demonstrated that the system scheme is practicable and effective, which is fundamental to the chip design. Lastly, a novel method of chip design is explained, and its main modules are designed and simulated on the platform Max+Plus II., the principle graph is given as well.
Based on the analysis of characteristics of mine through-the-earth communication channel, a simulation model in System View is set up, and aiming at difficulties of mine communication, a project of mine through-the-earth communication system using spread- spectrum technology is proposed for the first time, which is realizable digitally. Theoretical analysis and whole simulation of it are carried out, and the results demonstrate that the scheme is practicable and effective, which is fundamental to chip design. Then a special chip for mine through-the-earth communication is designed using the method of hierarchy design, whose main modules are designed and simulated on the platform of Max+Plus II., and finally the top principle figure is given as well.
The most outstanding characteristic of the proposed scheme is its full digitalization. It can accomplish several functions such as data encoding, spread spectrum modulation,
demodulation and etc. It is an advanced integrated and digitalized project that has an advantage over others. Project analysis and modularization are realized by use of simulation software, each module is implemented by the combination of VHDL and principle figure, and the initial design of the chip is accomplished making use of hierarchy design methodology.
引文
[1] 胡穗延,李锽.矿井无线电通信的现状及发展. 煤矿自动化,1999,5(22):1~3
[2] David B.Large, Lawrence Ball, Arnold J.Farstad. Radio Transmission to and from Underground Coal Mines-Theory and Measurement. IEEE transaction on communication, 1973,3(21):194~202
[3] 朱建铭. 矿井移动通信的发展. 煤炭学报,1997,12(22)
[4] 郭成伟. 矿用无线电通信系统及其工程设计. 煤矿自动化,1999, 5(22):3~7
[5] 司徒梦天. 解决地下通信技术难题地方案及关键设备.中国工程科学, 2001.7(18)
[6] 张清毅,朱建铭. 透地通信信道特性的研究.电波科学学报.1999,1(14)
[7] 吴荣光. 地下无线通信的发展过程及其展望.通信世界,2002.3
[8] 吴明捷,张克,张威. 煤炭学报. 扩频通信在煤矿井下通信和安全中的应用研究. 中国矿业大学学报, 2001,5(30)
[9] 陶晋宜. 穿透地层的矿井地下无线通信系统设计方案探析.太原理工大学学报, 2000,1(31)
[10] 朱近康. 扩展频谱通信及其应用. 合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1993
[11] 吴荣光,虞梦先(译). 矿井低频无线通讯. 北京:煤炭工业出版社,1981.06
[12] 王立宁,乐光新等. MATLAB与通信仿真.北京:人民邮电出版社,2000.01
[13] Kah-Seng Chung. A Radio Communication Networks for Voice and Data in Underground Mines. IEEE Trans on communications, 2000
[14] SAMIR F. MAHMOUD. Characteristics of Electromagnetic Guided Waves for Communication in Coal Mine Tunnels. IEEE Trans. On Communications, 1974,08
[15] S.F.Mahmoud , J.R.Wait. Guided electromagnetic waves in a curved rectangular mine tunnel. Radio Science, 1974,5(9):567~572,
[16] E.A.J.Maractili. Ends in optical dielectric guides. Bell system Technical Journal, 1969,2(48):213~232
[17] Y.P.Zhang, HF propagation channel characterization for tunnel microcellular and personal communications, Ph.D.Dissertation, Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kong Hong, 1995
[18] Y.P.Zhang and Y.Hwang and P.C.ching, Characterization of UHF Radio Propagation Channel in Curved Tunnels. IEEE trans on communication, 1996
[19] CASEY K F.Wireless communication in the tunnels and underground street. IEEE Trans 1988:100～106.
[20] Charles R. Burrowst, Radio Communication Within the Earth’s Crust, IEEE Trans. On Antennas Propagation, 1963:311~317
[21] 张会清,于洪珍,李佳宁. CDMA技术在井下移动通信中应用的研究. 中国矿业大学学报. 2001,5(30)
[22] 褚振勇, 翁木云. FPGA设计与应用. 西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2002.07
[23] 徐志军, 徐光辉. CPLD/FPGA的开发与应用. 北京:电子工业出版社, 2002.01
[24] 黄正谨, 徐坚等. CPLD系统设计技术入门与应用. 北京:电子工业出版社, 2002.03
[25] 罗卫兵, 孙桦, 张捷. SystemView 动态系统分析及通信系统仿真设计. 西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2001.08
[26] Pickholtz R L. Theory of Spread-spectrum. IEEE Trans Comm,1982,30(5):855～883
[27] Hinderling JK.CDMA mobile station modem ASIC. IEEE J Sol Sta Cire,1993,28(3):253～260
[28] Polydoros A, Weber G L. A unified approach to serial search spread-spectrum code acquisition. IEEE Trans on Comm., 1984, 32(5):542～560
[29] 黄振, 杨士中等. 直扩系统中数字匹配滤波器的设计仿真. 电讯技术, 2002,2
[30] 刘芳，高鹏飞等. 扩频通信系统中数字匹配滤波器的实现及其捕获性能分析. 山东工业大学学报, 2001,4(31)
[31]孟祥育. 电力线扩频载波芯片设计:[学位论文]. 杭州:浙江大学, 2003
[32]郭经红,尤肖虎等. WCDMA系统中匹配滤波器的FPGA实现. 通信学报, 2001,1(22):52～58
[33]查光明, 熊贤祚. 扩频通信. 西安:西安电子科技大学出社, 1992.186～187
[34]周庆超. 跳扩频通信基带系统的设计:[学位论文]. 南京:南京理工大学, 2002
[2] David B.Large, Lawrence Ball, Arnold J.Farstad. Radio Transmission to and from Underground Coal Mines-Theory and Measurement. IEEE transaction on communication, 1973,3(21):194~202
[3] 朱建铭. 矿井移动通信的发展. 煤炭学报,1997,12(22)
[4] 郭成伟. 矿用无线电通信系统及其工程设计. 煤矿自动化,1999, 5(22):3~7
[5] 司徒梦天. 解决地下通信技术难题地方案及关键设备.中国工程科学, 2001.7(18)
[6] 张清毅,朱建铭. 透地通信信道特性的研究.电波科学学报.1999,1(14)
[7] 吴荣光. 地下无线通信的发展过程及其展望.通信世界,2002.3
[8] 吴明捷,张克,张威. 煤炭学报. 扩频通信在煤矿井下通信和安全中的应用研究. 中国矿业大学学报, 2001,5(30)
[9] 陶晋宜. 穿透地层的矿井地下无线通信系统设计方案探析.太原理工大学学报, 2000,1(31)
[10] 朱近康. 扩展频谱通信及其应用. 合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1993
[11] 吴荣光,虞梦先(译). 矿井低频无线通讯. 北京:煤炭工业出版社,1981.06
[12] 王立宁,乐光新等. MATLAB与通信仿真.北京:人民邮电出版社,2000.01
[13] Kah-Seng Chung. A Radio Communication Networks for Voice and Data in Underground Mines. IEEE Trans on communications, 2000
[14] SAMIR F. MAHMOUD. Characteristics of Electromagnetic Guided Waves for Communication in Coal Mine Tunnels. IEEE Trans. On Communications, 1974,08
[15] S.F.Mahmoud , J.R.Wait. Guided electromagnetic waves in a curved rectangular mine tunnel. Radio Science, 1974,5(9):567~572,
[16] E.A.J.Maractili. Ends in optical dielectric guides. Bell system Technical Journal, 1969,2(48):213~232
[17] Y.P.Zhang, HF propagation channel characterization for tunnel microcellular and personal communications, Ph.D.Dissertation, Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kong Hong, 1995
[18] Y.P.Zhang and Y.Hwang and P.C.ching, Characterization of UHF Radio Propagation Channel in Curved Tunnels. IEEE trans on communication, 1996
[19] CASEY K F.Wireless communication in the tunnels and underground street. IEEE Trans 1988:100～106.
[20] Charles R. Burrowst, Radio Communication Within the Earth’s Crust, IEEE Trans. On Antennas Propagation, 1963:311~317
[21] 张会清,于洪珍,李佳宁. CDMA技术在井下移动通信中应用的研究. 中国矿业大学学报. 2001,5(30)
[22] 褚振勇, 翁木云. FPGA设计与应用. 西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2002.07
[23] 徐志军, 徐光辉. CPLD/FPGA的开发与应用. 北京:电子工业出版社, 2002.01
[24] 黄正谨, 徐坚等. CPLD系统设计技术入门与应用. 北京:电子工业出版社, 2002.03
[25] 罗卫兵, 孙桦, 张捷. SystemView 动态系统分析及通信系统仿真设计. 西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2001.08
[26] Pickholtz R L. Theory of Spread-spectrum. IEEE Trans Comm,1982,30(5):855～883
[27] Hinderling JK.CDMA mobile station modem ASIC. IEEE J Sol Sta Cire,1993,28(3):253～260
[28] Polydoros A, Weber G L. A unified approach to serial search spread-spectrum code acquisition. IEEE Trans on Comm., 1984, 32(5):542～560
[29] 黄振, 杨士中等. 直扩系统中数字匹配滤波器的设计仿真. 电讯技术, 2002,2
[30] 刘芳，高鹏飞等. 扩频通信系统中数字匹配滤波器的实现及其捕获性能分析. 山东工业大学学报, 2001,4(31)
[31]孟祥育. 电力线扩频载波芯片设计:[学位论文]. 杭州:浙江大学, 2003
[32]郭经红,尤肖虎等. WCDMA系统中匹配滤波器的FPGA实现. 通信学报, 2001,1(22):52～58
[33]查光明, 熊贤祚. 扩频通信. 西安:西安电子科技大学出社, 1992.186～187
[34]周庆超. 跳扩频通信基带系统的设计:[学位论文]. 南京:南京理工大学, 2002