汽车加热器的应用计算及对发动机排放的影响
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摘要
随着人们对乘车舒适性要求的提高，虽然汽车加热器在寒冷地区的车辆上得到了越来越多的应用，但是对加热器应用的计算和效果评价方面还处于起步阶段，缺少理论和实际试验结果的支持。
本文首先介绍了国内外使用汽车加热器的现状，就其工作原理、分类和应用进行了总结整理。然后对于汽车加热器发热量的匹配计算从车厢内空间加热和发动机预热两方面进行分析，得出了汽车加热器发热量匹配计算的计算方法，为加热器的应用计算提供了理论依据。
本文做的另一部分工作是探讨加热器预热对发动机排放的影响。按照欧Ⅲ标准要求，在-7℃的环境下，比较发动机原机和经加热器预热后的催化器前、后的废气变化情况。试验表明，加热器对发动机冷却水预热，有效的降低了汽油发动机冷启动过程中的HC、CO、NOx排放；加热器对发动机冷却水和加热器尾气对催化器的联合预热，由于未使催化器达到起燃温度，对排放有一定的降低，尚需进一步研究。
With the increasing demand on the comfort of the automobiles, the heater is commonly applied on them in the cold zone. But the calculation and effectiveness evaluation of the application of the heaters are in the elementary step, lacking the support of the theory and the test result.
In this paper, first introduce the current situation of the use of the heaters, then sort out the information of the principle and the classification and the application. For calculate the heat productivity, I analyze the heat to warm room air and the heat to preheat the engine, then obtain the way to calculate the heat productivity of the heater. It provide the basis of the calculation for the application of heaters.
The Other part of this work is to treat of the influence of the automobile exhaust with the warming of the heaters. According to the Euro III emission regulation, at -7°C ambient temperature , compare the exhaust component part of the engine with the exhaust component part after preheating with the heater in the front of the catalyst and the back. The test result indicate that a heater was used to increase the cooling water's temperature before cold-start of the gasoline, this method can effectively reduce the exhaust emission of CO, HC and NO_x during the cold-start period. When a heater was used to increase the cooling water's temperature and the heater exhaust was used to warm the catalyst , because the catalyst didn't been lighted on ,only reduce some emissions ,the method need further research.
本文首先介绍了国内外使用汽车加热器的现状，就其工作原理、分类和应用进行了总结整理。然后对于汽车加热器发热量的匹配计算从车厢内空间加热和发动机预热两方面进行分析，得出了汽车加热器发热量匹配计算的计算方法，为加热器的应用计算提供了理论依据。
本文做的另一部分工作是探讨加热器预热对发动机排放的影响。按照欧Ⅲ标准要求，在-7℃的环境下，比较发动机原机和经加热器预热后的催化器前、后的废气变化情况。试验表明，加热器对发动机冷却水预热，有效的降低了汽油发动机冷启动过程中的HC、CO、NOx排放；加热器对发动机冷却水和加热器尾气对催化器的联合预热，由于未使催化器达到起燃温度，对排放有一定的降低，尚需进一步研究。
With the increasing demand on the comfort of the automobiles, the heater is commonly applied on them in the cold zone. But the calculation and effectiveness evaluation of the application of the heaters are in the elementary step, lacking the support of the theory and the test result.
In this paper, first introduce the current situation of the use of the heaters, then sort out the information of the principle and the classification and the application. For calculate the heat productivity, I analyze the heat to warm room air and the heat to preheat the engine, then obtain the way to calculate the heat productivity of the heater. It provide the basis of the calculation for the application of heaters.
The Other part of this work is to treat of the influence of the automobile exhaust with the warming of the heaters. According to the Euro III emission regulation, at -7°C ambient temperature , compare the exhaust component part of the engine with the exhaust component part after preheating with the heater in the front of the catalyst and the back. The test result indicate that a heater was used to increase the cooling water's temperature before cold-start of the gasoline, this method can effectively reduce the exhaust emission of CO, HC and NO_x during the cold-start period. When a heater was used to increase the cooling water's temperature and the heater exhaust was used to warm the catalyst , because the catalyst didn't been lighted on ,only reduce some emissions ,the method need further research.
引文
1．国家技术监督局．GB10907-89燃油加热器 基本参数．1989
2．王军，王易军，汽车空调，西安交通大学出版社，1995
3．韩宝崎，李树林，制冷空调及其原理应用，北京：机械工业出版社，1996
4．德国Eberspaecher和Webasto公司培训资料
5．徐旭常，毛健雄，曾瑞良。燃烧理论与燃烧设备，北京：机械工业出版设，1990
6．清华大学电力工程系燃气轮机教研组。燃气轮机，北京：水利电力出版社，1976．
7．金如山。航空燃气轮机燃烧室，北京：宇航出版社，1998
8．傅维鏕，张永康，王清安，燃烧学，上海：高等教育出版社，1989．
9．何宏舟．轻油的预蒸发燃烧—预燃式燃烧中的火焰稳定，工业炉2001(5)P2～5
10．郭金刚，申福林，赵重文，用层次诊断法识别汽车燃油空气加热器噪声源，客车技术与研究，2001(5)
11．全国柴油车污染防治监督管理工作委员会．欧洲排放法规的实施和经验．2003．
12. T.S.Zhao, Coupled heat and mass transfer of a stagnation point ~on in a heated porous bed with liquid _lm evaporation
13. TOMIO SUZUKI, TAKEO YOSHIGAE,D.C.PALTER,TOSHIO KASAI,SHUZO ITOH, Development of a Low-Nox Emission Slagging Combustor, Combustion Sci and Tech, vol.93 111-128,1993
14. Jeng-Renn Yang,Shwin-Chung Wong, An experimental and theoretical study of the effects of heat conduction through the support fiber on the evaporation of a droplet in a weakly
15. Hongsuk Kima,, Nakwon Sung, The effect of ambient pressure on the evaporation of a single droplet and a spray, Combustion and Flame 135 (2003) 261 -270
16. Sumrerng Jugjai, Nopporn Polmart, Enhancement of evaporation and combustion of liquid fuels through porous media, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 27 (2003) 901-909
17 何宏周，H．Koehne，应用预蒸发技术燃烧液体，中国工程热物理学会第十届年会，2001。
18 秦裕琨，燃油燃气锅炉实用技术，中国电力出版社，2001
19 顾明言，陈光，许诗双，层流预混火焰燃烧现象分析，中国工程热物理学会第十届年会，2001
20 何宏舟，轻油预蒸发燃烧中的稳焰技术，热能动力工程，2002年7月
21. AVLlist FIRE8.1 Manual_Wallfilm 4.1—3
22. Yan, W.M., Lin, T.E "Combined heat and mass transfer in natural convection between vertical parallel plates with film evaporation", Int.J.Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 529-541, 1990
23. Baumann, W.W., Thiele, F., "Heat and mass transfer in evaporating twocomponent liquid film flow", Int.J.Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 267-273, 1990
24. VDI-Warmeatlas, 4th Edition, pp. Da33, VDI-Verlag, 1984
25．交科教发[2002]209号．营运客车类型划分及等级评定．2002
26．周永刚等．客车选用燃油加热器的匹配计算．．客车技术与研究．2003．
27．陈孟湘．汽车空调．上海交大出版社．2001．
28．东风汽车有限公司发动机厂．EQ491i发动机说明书．2004
29．肖建华，马崴，王建昕．在发动机台架上模拟欧Ⅲ低温冷启动排放特性的探索[J]．汽车工程，2004，26(6)：639-647
30. Polifke, W., "Fundamental and Practical Limitations of NOx, Reduction in Lean-Premixed Combustion", Notes for the EUROCONFERENCE RWTH about "Premixed Turbulent Combustion: Introduction of the State of the.ART." Aachen, Germany, June 8-9, 1995:1-17
31．俞明，孙国斌，吴思光，蔡锐彬．汽车排放法规中工况对废气成分影响的分析[J]．华南理工大学学报(自然科学版)，2002，30(7)：91-94
32．郑清平，许立兵．硬性汽油机怠速排放因素的探索[J]．车用发动机，1998，(2)：54-57
33．刘巽俊，内燃机的排放与控制，机械工业出版社，2002．11
34．王锡云，徐海贵，张雨，宋心宇．电控燃油喷射汽油机冷起动过程的排放研究[J]．车用发动机，2003，(6)：40-42
35．梁小强，刘圣华，周龙保．火花点火发动机冷启动和暖机过程未燃碳氢排放及控制[J]．内燃机，2005，(3)：36-39
36．庞俊国，刘明安，潘克煜．顶岸狭缝间隙对汽油机未燃HC排放的影响研究[J]．西安交通大学学报，1998，32(5)：64-67
37．张惠明，刘文胜，赵慧，赵奎翰．汽油机怠速工况下HC和CO排放机理的实验研究[J]．燃烧科学与技术，1997，3(3)：280-285
2．王军，王易军，汽车空调，西安交通大学出版社，1995
3．韩宝崎，李树林，制冷空调及其原理应用，北京：机械工业出版社，1996
4．德国Eberspaecher和Webasto公司培训资料
5．徐旭常，毛健雄，曾瑞良。燃烧理论与燃烧设备，北京：机械工业出版设，1990
6．清华大学电力工程系燃气轮机教研组。燃气轮机，北京：水利电力出版社，1976．
7．金如山。航空燃气轮机燃烧室，北京：宇航出版社，1998
8．傅维鏕，张永康，王清安，燃烧学，上海：高等教育出版社，1989．
9．何宏舟．轻油的预蒸发燃烧—预燃式燃烧中的火焰稳定，工业炉2001(5)P2～5
10．郭金刚，申福林，赵重文，用层次诊断法识别汽车燃油空气加热器噪声源，客车技术与研究，2001(5)
11．全国柴油车污染防治监督管理工作委员会．欧洲排放法规的实施和经验．2003．
12. T.S.Zhao, Coupled heat and mass transfer of a stagnation point ~on in a heated porous bed with liquid _lm evaporation
13. TOMIO SUZUKI, TAKEO YOSHIGAE,D.C.PALTER,TOSHIO KASAI,SHUZO ITOH, Development of a Low-Nox Emission Slagging Combustor, Combustion Sci and Tech, vol.93 111-128,1993
14. Jeng-Renn Yang,Shwin-Chung Wong, An experimental and theoretical study of the effects of heat conduction through the support fiber on the evaporation of a droplet in a weakly
15. Hongsuk Kima,, Nakwon Sung, The effect of ambient pressure on the evaporation of a single droplet and a spray, Combustion and Flame 135 (2003) 261 -270
16. Sumrerng Jugjai, Nopporn Polmart, Enhancement of evaporation and combustion of liquid fuels through porous media, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 27 (2003) 901-909
17 何宏周，H．Koehne，应用预蒸发技术燃烧液体，中国工程热物理学会第十届年会，2001。
18 秦裕琨，燃油燃气锅炉实用技术，中国电力出版社，2001
19 顾明言，陈光，许诗双，层流预混火焰燃烧现象分析，中国工程热物理学会第十届年会，2001
20 何宏舟，轻油预蒸发燃烧中的稳焰技术，热能动力工程，2002年7月
21. AVLlist FIRE8.1 Manual_Wallfilm 4.1—3
22. Yan, W.M., Lin, T.E "Combined heat and mass transfer in natural convection between vertical parallel plates with film evaporation", Int.J.Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 529-541, 1990
23. Baumann, W.W., Thiele, F., "Heat and mass transfer in evaporating twocomponent liquid film flow", Int.J.Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 267-273, 1990
24. VDI-Warmeatlas, 4th Edition, pp. Da33, VDI-Verlag, 1984
25．交科教发[2002]209号．营运客车类型划分及等级评定．2002
26．周永刚等．客车选用燃油加热器的匹配计算．．客车技术与研究．2003．
27．陈孟湘．汽车空调．上海交大出版社．2001．
28．东风汽车有限公司发动机厂．EQ491i发动机说明书．2004
29．肖建华，马崴，王建昕．在发动机台架上模拟欧Ⅲ低温冷启动排放特性的探索[J]．汽车工程，2004，26(6)：639-647
30. Polifke, W., "Fundamental and Practical Limitations of NOx, Reduction in Lean-Premixed Combustion", Notes for the EUROCONFERENCE RWTH about "Premixed Turbulent Combustion: Introduction of the State of the.ART." Aachen, Germany, June 8-9, 1995:1-17
31．俞明，孙国斌，吴思光，蔡锐彬．汽车排放法规中工况对废气成分影响的分析[J]．华南理工大学学报(自然科学版)，2002，30(7)：91-94
32．郑清平，许立兵．硬性汽油机怠速排放因素的探索[J]．车用发动机，1998，(2)：54-57
33．刘巽俊，内燃机的排放与控制，机械工业出版社，2002．11
34．王锡云，徐海贵，张雨，宋心宇．电控燃油喷射汽油机冷起动过程的排放研究[J]．车用发动机，2003，(6)：40-42
35．梁小强，刘圣华，周龙保．火花点火发动机冷启动和暖机过程未燃碳氢排放及控制[J]．内燃机，2005，(3)：36-39
36．庞俊国，刘明安，潘克煜．顶岸狭缝间隙对汽油机未燃HC排放的影响研究[J]．西安交通大学学报，1998，32(5)：64-67
37．张惠明，刘文胜，赵慧，赵奎翰．汽油机怠速工况下HC和CO排放机理的实验研究[J]．燃烧科学与技术，1997，3(3)：280-285