功率电感磁饱和电流测试电路的研究
|
摘要
开关电源是近年来应用非常广泛的一种电源,其质量的好坏直接影响到电子设备的可靠性。磁性元件高频变压器是开关电源中的重要部件。在电子线路中,经常因为高频变压器设计的不合理性或者制作工艺不佳导致高频变压器发生磁饱和损坏开关电源。所以,测试高频变压器发生磁饱和时的电流值是非常重要的。在业余条件下,测量高频变压器磁饱和电流比较困难。
针对上述情况,首先介绍了磁性元件的基本概念,并在详细分析磁性材料磁化曲线的基础上,提出了带磁芯的功率电感磁饱和电流检测电路的方案,此电路可模拟测试出高频变压器达到磁饱和时的电流值。功率电感磁饱和电流测试方法是利用低频、低电压、大电流模拟高频、高电压的工作状态。
本文设计了基于半桥电路的功率电感的磁饱和电流测试电路。此电路由脉冲宽度调制器输出两路双极性的脉冲信号,这两路脉冲经过功率驱动器进行放大后,直接驱动两个功率场效应管构成的半桥电路,该信号在通过半桥电路外部连接的功率电感的时候就可以模拟开关电源中的高频变压器达到磁饱和的过程,测试出磁饱和电流的大小并获得磁饱和的特征信息。通过实验验证,得出该电路能够安全,可靠的运行,达到了设计的要求。
Switching power supply is widely used in recent years, its quality directly affects the reliability of electronic equipment. High frequency transformer of magnetic components is the important component in switching power supply. In the electronic circuit, high frequency transformer occurs magnetic saturation lead switching power supply is damaged, because of the irrationality design of high frequency transformer or poor manufacturing process. So, testing the current value of high frequency transformer occurs magnetic saturation is very important. In amateur conditions, measuring saturation current of high frequency transformer is rather difficult.
Based on this condition, firstly this paper made system introduction of the basic concept of magnetic components, and based on detailed analysis of magnetization curve of magnetic materials, proposed the test circuit of the magnetic saturation current of power inductor .This circuit can be simulated to test magnetic saturation current value of the high frequency transformer. The test method of the magnetic saturation current of power inductor is by using of low frequency, low voltage, high current analog high frequency, and high voltage condition.
This paper proposes based on half-bridge circuit measure magnetic saturation current of power inductor. This circuit uses two bipolar pulse signal of width modulation controller to control power driver. The two pulse were amplified by the power-driven device to drive the half-bridge circuit which consisted by two power field effect transistor. The signal through the external links power inductor of half-bridge circuit can simulate the high frequency transformer of the switching power supply to achieve magnetic saturation and test the value of the magnetic saturation current to get the information of magnetic saturation characteristic. According to the experiment can proved that the circuit can operate safely and reliably. The circuit meets the requirements of the design.
针对上述情况,首先介绍了磁性元件的基本概念,并在详细分析磁性材料磁化曲线的基础上,提出了带磁芯的功率电感磁饱和电流检测电路的方案,此电路可模拟测试出高频变压器达到磁饱和时的电流值。功率电感磁饱和电流测试方法是利用低频、低电压、大电流模拟高频、高电压的工作状态。
本文设计了基于半桥电路的功率电感的磁饱和电流测试电路。此电路由脉冲宽度调制器输出两路双极性的脉冲信号,这两路脉冲经过功率驱动器进行放大后,直接驱动两个功率场效应管构成的半桥电路,该信号在通过半桥电路外部连接的功率电感的时候就可以模拟开关电源中的高频变压器达到磁饱和的过程,测试出磁饱和电流的大小并获得磁饱和的特征信息。通过实验验证,得出该电路能够安全,可靠的运行,达到了设计的要求。
Switching power supply is widely used in recent years, its quality directly affects the reliability of electronic equipment. High frequency transformer of magnetic components is the important component in switching power supply. In the electronic circuit, high frequency transformer occurs magnetic saturation lead switching power supply is damaged, because of the irrationality design of high frequency transformer or poor manufacturing process. So, testing the current value of high frequency transformer occurs magnetic saturation is very important. In amateur conditions, measuring saturation current of high frequency transformer is rather difficult.
Based on this condition, firstly this paper made system introduction of the basic concept of magnetic components, and based on detailed analysis of magnetization curve of magnetic materials, proposed the test circuit of the magnetic saturation current of power inductor .This circuit can be simulated to test magnetic saturation current value of the high frequency transformer. The test method of the magnetic saturation current of power inductor is by using of low frequency, low voltage, high current analog high frequency, and high voltage condition.
This paper proposes based on half-bridge circuit measure magnetic saturation current of power inductor. This circuit uses two bipolar pulse signal of width modulation controller to control power driver. The two pulse were amplified by the power-driven device to drive the half-bridge circuit which consisted by two power field effect transistor. The signal through the external links power inductor of half-bridge circuit can simulate the high frequency transformer of the switching power supply to achieve magnetic saturation and test the value of the magnetic saturation current to get the information of magnetic saturation characteristic. According to the experiment can proved that the circuit can operate safely and reliably. The circuit meets the requirements of the design.
引文
[1]戴志平,乔恩明.开关电源工程调试技术.北京:中国电力出版社, 2009, 8: 1-5
[2]李智华,罗恒廉,费鸿俊.高频磁性元件的磁芯材料.电源技术应用, 2000, 3(2): 52-54
[3]陈为,何建农.电力电子高频磁技术及其发展趋势.电工电能新技术, 2000, (2): 30-34
[4] D.CECIL. Current Trends-Power Design-Slope Compensation for Mild Inductor Saturation. Power Electronics Technology, 2006, 32(8): 40-41
[5] M.C.DUFFY, S.C.TANG, P.RIPKA. Application of Fluxgate Excitation Circuit with Saturable Inductor to Magnetic Sensing. Sensors and Actuators-A-Physical Sensors, 2005,123: 430-437
[6] F.JON. Accurately Test Magnetics Carrying DC Bias Current-A New Method of Injecting Dc Current Into Power Inductors Enables Designers to Avoid Common Pitfalls When Measuring These Devices: Thus Minimizing Measurement Errors. Power Electronics Technology, 2006, 32(9):32-35
[7] C.LUO, M.WHITEHEAD, H.HOFMANN. Design and Testing of a Power Electronic Synthetic Inductor. International Journal of Electronics, 2009, 106(12): 1249-1264
[8]田民波.磁性材料.北京:清华大学出版社, 2001: 5-10
[9] H.LAHIJANIAN, K.YATAPANAGE, R.ROSEN, et al. Instrumentation Used to Measure Residential Magnetic Fields and Currents. ISA Transactions, 2003, 42(4): 525-534
[10] W.M.COLONEL, T.MCLYMAN.变压器与电感器设计手册.龚绍文译.第3版.沈阳:中国电力出版社, 2009: 8-10
[11] R.LENK.实用开关电源设计.王正仕,张军民译.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2006, 4: 69-70
[12] H.ENDO, S.HAYANO. Magnetization Curve Plotting from the Magnetic Domain Images. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2001, 37(4): 2727
[13] W.ZDZISLAW. Analytical Description of Magnetization Curves. Physical Section B, 2006, 373 (2): 323-327
[14] V.IONITA, E.CAZACU. Correction of Measured Magnetization Curves Using Finite Element Method. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2009, 45(3):1174-1177
[15] D.W.GUO, X.L.FAN, G.Z.CHAI. On the Saturation Field of Magnets. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2004, 270(1): 104-118
[16] Z.ZHAO, F.LIU, Z.CHEN, et al. Measurements and Calculation of Core-Based B-H Curve and Magnetizing Current in DC-Biased Transformers. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2010, 20(3): 1131-1134
[17] D.Y.BI, E.VICTOR, Z.ANDREI, et al. A New Method of Measuring Hysteresis Loops on LocalAreas of the Surface of a Ferromagnet. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 1997, 11(174): 247-260
[18]常谷川彰.开关稳压电源的设计与应用.何希才译.北京:科学出版社, 2006: 39-41
[19] T.LIU, H.KIKUCHI, K.ARA, et al. Magneto Mechanical Effect of Low Carbon Steel Studied by Two Kinds of Magnetic Minor Hysteresis Loops. NDT & E International, 2006, 39(5): 408-413
[20]刘宾.铁心磁化过程对线圈电感影响的研究. [西北大学硕士论文]. 2009: 1-7
[21] X.RONG, N.ZHANG, W.KE. Giant Magneto Impedance Effect in a Coil with Magnetic Core and its Application in Current Monitoring. European Physical Journal Applied Physics, 2008, 41(1): 49-52
[22]赵修科.开关电源中的磁性元器件.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社, 2004: 115-116
[23] S.MOREAU, J.C.TRIGEASSOU. Modeling and Identification of a Nonlinear Saturated Magnetic Circuit: Theoretical Study and Experimental Results. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 2006, 71(4): 446-459
[24] L.XU, Y.DU, Q.B.ZHOU. The Magnetic Field and Induced Current Arising from a Cylindrical Shell Loop with an Unbalanced Current. Electric Power Systems Research, 2004, (71): 21-26
[25] S.H.LEE, D.N.LEE. A Finite Element Analysis of Electromagnetic Forming for Tube Expansion. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 1994, (16): 250-254
[26]刘巍.脉冲中子煤质分析仪脉冲高压电源的研制. [清华大学工程硕士专业学位论文]. 2004: 27-33
[27] A.W.LOTFI, M.A.WILKOWSKI. Issues and Advances in High-frequency Magnetics for Switching Power Supplies. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2001, 89: 833-845.
[28] R.HASEGAWA. Advances in Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Magnetic Materials. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2006, 304(2): 187-191
[29] Z.W.LI, G.Q.LIN, Y.P.WU, et al. High-frequency Magnetic Properties and Attenuation Characteristics for Barium Ferrite Composites. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2009, 7(321): 734-737
[30] T.TAKASHI, K.TOMOYASU, E.MASATO. Low Curie Temperature Material for Induction Heating Self-temperature Controlling System. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2008, 320(20): 702-707
[31] A.BOGLIETTI, A.CAVAGNINO, M.LAZZARI, et al. Predicting Iron Losses in Soft Magnetic Materials with Arbitrary Voltage Supply: An Engineering Approach. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2003, 39(2): 981–989
[32]旷建军,郑力新,卢小芬.非正弦励磁下磁芯损耗的计算.磁性材料及器件, 2009, 40(1): 44-46
[33]孔剑虹.功率变换器拓扑中磁性元件磁芯损耗的理论与实验研究. [浙江大学工学博士学位论文]. 2002: 93-95
[34]沙占友,马洪涛,王彦朋.单片开关电源的波形测试及分析.电源技术应用, 2007, 10(6): 59-61
[35]沙占友.数字化测量技术与应用.北京:机械工业出版社, 2006: 102-107
[36]王蓉.高频高压开关电源的设计. [南昌大学硕士论文]. 2008: 36-39
[37] R.M.TALLAM, R.MAIK, T.A.NONDAHL. A Carrier-base PWM Scheme for Neutral-point Voltage Balancing in Three-level Inverters. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2005, 41(6): 1734-1743
[38]邓国栋,闫英敏,杨凤彪.基于SG3525的大功率开关电源的研制.电器开关. 2008: 22-24
[39]黄燕.开关电源故障检修方法.北京:国防工业出版社, 2007: 185-187
[40]勒成梁.大功率高频并联软开关技术电源模块研究. [浙江大学硕士学位论文]. 2006: 24-26
[41]程时兵,张爱军. IR2110在无刷直流电机驱动电路中的应用.机电元件, 2010, 30(12): 32-35.
[42]王玲玲,王毅.基于TL494和IR2110的断路器操作电源的设计.通信电源技术, 2008, 25(1): 49-51
[43]龚志广,于江利,顾勇,等.基于UC3637和IR2110的直流调速电路.河北建筑工程学院学报, 2008, 26(2): 92-94
[44]周敛荣,潘美珍.高压悬浮驱动电路IR2110的特点及拓展应用技术.电子元器件应用, 2009, 11(4): 30-36
[45]赵同贺,刘军.开关电源设计技术与应用实例.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2007: 15-19
[46]周志敏.功率场效应管MOSFET(-).电源世界, 2005, 4: 60-62
[47]郝建强,张建. IR2110在电机驱动中的应用.微电机, 2008, 41(6): 51-52
[48]屈学琴.电火花成型加工绿色低功耗脉冲电源地研究. [河北工业大学硕士学位论文]. 2007:25-26
[49]刘吉超.基于LM2576的数控可调开关电源设计.新疆师范大学学报, 2009, 28(4): 69-72
[50]曾正华.脉冲大电流测试技术. [南京理工大学硕士学位论文]. 2006: 37
[51]杨思俊.基于MPPT技术的光伏路灯控制系统的研究. [西安科技大学硕士学位论文]. 2009:18
[2]李智华,罗恒廉,费鸿俊.高频磁性元件的磁芯材料.电源技术应用, 2000, 3(2): 52-54
[3]陈为,何建农.电力电子高频磁技术及其发展趋势.电工电能新技术, 2000, (2): 30-34
[4] D.CECIL. Current Trends-Power Design-Slope Compensation for Mild Inductor Saturation. Power Electronics Technology, 2006, 32(8): 40-41
[5] M.C.DUFFY, S.C.TANG, P.RIPKA. Application of Fluxgate Excitation Circuit with Saturable Inductor to Magnetic Sensing. Sensors and Actuators-A-Physical Sensors, 2005,123: 430-437
[6] F.JON. Accurately Test Magnetics Carrying DC Bias Current-A New Method of Injecting Dc Current Into Power Inductors Enables Designers to Avoid Common Pitfalls When Measuring These Devices: Thus Minimizing Measurement Errors. Power Electronics Technology, 2006, 32(9):32-35
[7] C.LUO, M.WHITEHEAD, H.HOFMANN. Design and Testing of a Power Electronic Synthetic Inductor. International Journal of Electronics, 2009, 106(12): 1249-1264
[8]田民波.磁性材料.北京:清华大学出版社, 2001: 5-10
[9] H.LAHIJANIAN, K.YATAPANAGE, R.ROSEN, et al. Instrumentation Used to Measure Residential Magnetic Fields and Currents. ISA Transactions, 2003, 42(4): 525-534
[10] W.M.COLONEL, T.MCLYMAN.变压器与电感器设计手册.龚绍文译.第3版.沈阳:中国电力出版社, 2009: 8-10
[11] R.LENK.实用开关电源设计.王正仕,张军民译.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2006, 4: 69-70
[12] H.ENDO, S.HAYANO. Magnetization Curve Plotting from the Magnetic Domain Images. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2001, 37(4): 2727
[13] W.ZDZISLAW. Analytical Description of Magnetization Curves. Physical Section B, 2006, 373 (2): 323-327
[14] V.IONITA, E.CAZACU. Correction of Measured Magnetization Curves Using Finite Element Method. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2009, 45(3):1174-1177
[15] D.W.GUO, X.L.FAN, G.Z.CHAI. On the Saturation Field of Magnets. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2004, 270(1): 104-118
[16] Z.ZHAO, F.LIU, Z.CHEN, et al. Measurements and Calculation of Core-Based B-H Curve and Magnetizing Current in DC-Biased Transformers. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2010, 20(3): 1131-1134
[17] D.Y.BI, E.VICTOR, Z.ANDREI, et al. A New Method of Measuring Hysteresis Loops on LocalAreas of the Surface of a Ferromagnet. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 1997, 11(174): 247-260
[18]常谷川彰.开关稳压电源的设计与应用.何希才译.北京:科学出版社, 2006: 39-41
[19] T.LIU, H.KIKUCHI, K.ARA, et al. Magneto Mechanical Effect of Low Carbon Steel Studied by Two Kinds of Magnetic Minor Hysteresis Loops. NDT & E International, 2006, 39(5): 408-413
[20]刘宾.铁心磁化过程对线圈电感影响的研究. [西北大学硕士论文]. 2009: 1-7
[21] X.RONG, N.ZHANG, W.KE. Giant Magneto Impedance Effect in a Coil with Magnetic Core and its Application in Current Monitoring. European Physical Journal Applied Physics, 2008, 41(1): 49-52
[22]赵修科.开关电源中的磁性元器件.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社, 2004: 115-116
[23] S.MOREAU, J.C.TRIGEASSOU. Modeling and Identification of a Nonlinear Saturated Magnetic Circuit: Theoretical Study and Experimental Results. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 2006, 71(4): 446-459
[24] L.XU, Y.DU, Q.B.ZHOU. The Magnetic Field and Induced Current Arising from a Cylindrical Shell Loop with an Unbalanced Current. Electric Power Systems Research, 2004, (71): 21-26
[25] S.H.LEE, D.N.LEE. A Finite Element Analysis of Electromagnetic Forming for Tube Expansion. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 1994, (16): 250-254
[26]刘巍.脉冲中子煤质分析仪脉冲高压电源的研制. [清华大学工程硕士专业学位论文]. 2004: 27-33
[27] A.W.LOTFI, M.A.WILKOWSKI. Issues and Advances in High-frequency Magnetics for Switching Power Supplies. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2001, 89: 833-845.
[28] R.HASEGAWA. Advances in Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Magnetic Materials. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2006, 304(2): 187-191
[29] Z.W.LI, G.Q.LIN, Y.P.WU, et al. High-frequency Magnetic Properties and Attenuation Characteristics for Barium Ferrite Composites. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2009, 7(321): 734-737
[30] T.TAKASHI, K.TOMOYASU, E.MASATO. Low Curie Temperature Material for Induction Heating Self-temperature Controlling System. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2008, 320(20): 702-707
[31] A.BOGLIETTI, A.CAVAGNINO, M.LAZZARI, et al. Predicting Iron Losses in Soft Magnetic Materials with Arbitrary Voltage Supply: An Engineering Approach. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2003, 39(2): 981–989
[32]旷建军,郑力新,卢小芬.非正弦励磁下磁芯损耗的计算.磁性材料及器件, 2009, 40(1): 44-46
[33]孔剑虹.功率变换器拓扑中磁性元件磁芯损耗的理论与实验研究. [浙江大学工学博士学位论文]. 2002: 93-95
[34]沙占友,马洪涛,王彦朋.单片开关电源的波形测试及分析.电源技术应用, 2007, 10(6): 59-61
[35]沙占友.数字化测量技术与应用.北京:机械工业出版社, 2006: 102-107
[36]王蓉.高频高压开关电源的设计. [南昌大学硕士论文]. 2008: 36-39
[37] R.M.TALLAM, R.MAIK, T.A.NONDAHL. A Carrier-base PWM Scheme for Neutral-point Voltage Balancing in Three-level Inverters. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2005, 41(6): 1734-1743
[38]邓国栋,闫英敏,杨凤彪.基于SG3525的大功率开关电源的研制.电器开关. 2008: 22-24
[39]黄燕.开关电源故障检修方法.北京:国防工业出版社, 2007: 185-187
[40]勒成梁.大功率高频并联软开关技术电源模块研究. [浙江大学硕士学位论文]. 2006: 24-26
[41]程时兵,张爱军. IR2110在无刷直流电机驱动电路中的应用.机电元件, 2010, 30(12): 32-35.
[42]王玲玲,王毅.基于TL494和IR2110的断路器操作电源的设计.通信电源技术, 2008, 25(1): 49-51
[43]龚志广,于江利,顾勇,等.基于UC3637和IR2110的直流调速电路.河北建筑工程学院学报, 2008, 26(2): 92-94
[44]周敛荣,潘美珍.高压悬浮驱动电路IR2110的特点及拓展应用技术.电子元器件应用, 2009, 11(4): 30-36
[45]赵同贺,刘军.开关电源设计技术与应用实例.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2007: 15-19
[46]周志敏.功率场效应管MOSFET(-).电源世界, 2005, 4: 60-62
[47]郝建强,张建. IR2110在电机驱动中的应用.微电机, 2008, 41(6): 51-52
[48]屈学琴.电火花成型加工绿色低功耗脉冲电源地研究. [河北工业大学硕士学位论文]. 2007:25-26
[49]刘吉超.基于LM2576的数控可调开关电源设计.新疆师范大学学报, 2009, 28(4): 69-72
[50]曾正华.脉冲大电流测试技术. [南京理工大学硕士学位论文]. 2006: 37
[51]杨思俊.基于MPPT技术的光伏路灯控制系统的研究. [西安科技大学硕士学位论文]. 2009:18