可调谐射频磁探针的研究
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摘要
磁探针的结构简单,在测量变化磁场的相关实验中得到广泛应用。但在实际的磁探针测量中总是存在着由容性耦合而产生的共模干扰信号,并且在高空间分辨率的磁场测量中,磁感应耦合信号随探针线圈有效面积的减小而降低,这就需要提高磁探针的输出电压。
论文提出了一种利用可调谐变压器来提高磁探针输出电压的方法。可调谐射频变压器采用在原线圈并联可变电容、副线圈串联可变电容的结构,同时采用平面、分立式法拉第屏蔽抑制变压器原、副线圈间寄生的容性耦合。测量结果表明:在采用对称中心抽头变压器及法拉第屏蔽的情况下,磁探针的容性耦合大幅度降低。当调节并联或串联电容时,磁探针输出电压均出现共振现象,并且调节并联电容时(不加串联电容)得到的共振输出电压高于调节串联电容时(不加并联电容)的对应值。在典型条件下,共振输出电压比传统磁探针的输出电压(无可变电容)提高了约一个量级。磁探针的共振输出电压随同轴线长度的增加先减小后增大呈现非单调性,在中间长度时取得最小值。此外还研究了原、副线圈的电感,原、副线圈间的互感等参量对共振输出电压的影响。
采用互感理论和传输线理论建立了调谐磁探针的电路模型,并推导了其解析共振条件。分析可知:输出电压取得最大值时,电路并不是处于简单的并联共振状态,而是由包括传输线阻抗的系统阻抗决定,并分析了影响共振条件的各参量。计算了各参量对输出电压的影响,相应的计算结果与测量结果符合较好。计算结果还表明:调节并联可变电容时,变压器原线圈的电压与磁探针输出电压同时达到最大值,而调节串联可变电容时,变压器原线圈的电压先于磁探针输出电压达到最大值。在不加可变电容的情况下,只调节同轴线的长度时,磁探针的输出电压同样存在着共振现象,并出现周期性的变化。加可变电容的情况下,磁探针的共振输出电压随同轴线长度的增加先减小后增大,在中间长度时取得最小值,但相应的调谐电容随长度的增加而减小,并存在周期性的变化规律。调谐并联可变电容得到的共振输出电压随原、副线圈间互感的增加先增大后减小,在中间互感时取得最大值,调谐串联电容得到的共振输出电压随互感的增加而增大。还计算了原、副线圈的电感等参量对共振输出电压及相应调谐电容的影响。
Magnetic probes (B-dot) have been widely used to measure the time varying magnetic flux density in the experiment because of the simple structure. However, the common mode interference signals come from the capacitive coupling always exist in the actual measurement of magnetic probe, and the magnetic induction signal decreases with the reduce of the effective probe coil area in the high spatial resolution measurements of the magnetic field. Thus, it is necessary to increase the output voltage of magnetic probes.
A tunable center-tapped transformer is proposed to improve the output voltage of a radio-frequency magnetic probe. The tuning is implemented by using two variable capacitors: one is parallel with the primary winding of the center-tapped transformer and the other is in series with the secondary winding. In addition, a planar faraday shield consisting of two separate slotted-metal-plates is installed between the primary and secondary windings of the transformer to further suppress the electrostatic coupling. It is found that the electrostatic coupling is suppressed effectively by using the center-tapped and the faraday shield. Tuning the parallel capacitor or the series capacitor can result in a resonance in the output voltage of the rf magnetic probe. The parallel-connected variable capacitor (without the series capacitor) is better than the series-connected variable capacitor (without the parallel capacitor) in improving the tunable magnetic probe output. The largest output voltage, achieved with the tunable magnetic probe under the optimal condition, is higher than that with a conventional one by an order of magnitude. The resonance output voltage presents a non-monotone behavior with the length of the coaxial, namely it obtains minimums at the middle length. Influences of parameters such as the inductance of the primary and secondary windings on the output voltage, the mutual inductance between the primary and secondary windings are also presented.
A circuit model of magnetic probe with the theory of mutual circuit and the transmission line effect, and the resonant condition is analytically. A maximum output voltage, the circuit is not at a simple parallel resonance state, but is determined by the system impedance including the impedance of transmission line, and the impact of the conditions of the resonance parameters are analytically. The agreements between the numerical results and measurements are qualitatively good. The voltage of transformer's primary coils and the output voltage reached the maximum with the parallel variable capacitor, but different with the series variable capacitor. Without the variable capacitor, the output voltage also exist a resonance phenomenon with the variation of the length of the coaxial, and shows a periodical change. When with the variable capacitor, the resonance output voltage presents a non-monotone behavior with the length of the coaxial, namely it obtains minimums at the middle length. However, the relative tuning capacitor is decrease with the increase of the length of the coaxial, and also shows a periodical change. The resonance output voltage of parallel-connected capacitor presents a non-monotone behavior with the mutual inductance, namely it obtains maximum at the middle stage, but the series-connected is increase with the mutual inductance. Influences of parameters such as the inductance of the primary and secondary windings on the resonance output voltage and the tuning capacitor are also presented.
论文提出了一种利用可调谐变压器来提高磁探针输出电压的方法。可调谐射频变压器采用在原线圈并联可变电容、副线圈串联可变电容的结构,同时采用平面、分立式法拉第屏蔽抑制变压器原、副线圈间寄生的容性耦合。测量结果表明:在采用对称中心抽头变压器及法拉第屏蔽的情况下,磁探针的容性耦合大幅度降低。当调节并联或串联电容时,磁探针输出电压均出现共振现象,并且调节并联电容时(不加串联电容)得到的共振输出电压高于调节串联电容时(不加并联电容)的对应值。在典型条件下,共振输出电压比传统磁探针的输出电压(无可变电容)提高了约一个量级。磁探针的共振输出电压随同轴线长度的增加先减小后增大呈现非单调性,在中间长度时取得最小值。此外还研究了原、副线圈的电感,原、副线圈间的互感等参量对共振输出电压的影响。
采用互感理论和传输线理论建立了调谐磁探针的电路模型,并推导了其解析共振条件。分析可知:输出电压取得最大值时,电路并不是处于简单的并联共振状态,而是由包括传输线阻抗的系统阻抗决定,并分析了影响共振条件的各参量。计算了各参量对输出电压的影响,相应的计算结果与测量结果符合较好。计算结果还表明:调节并联可变电容时,变压器原线圈的电压与磁探针输出电压同时达到最大值,而调节串联可变电容时,变压器原线圈的电压先于磁探针输出电压达到最大值。在不加可变电容的情况下,只调节同轴线的长度时,磁探针的输出电压同样存在着共振现象,并出现周期性的变化。加可变电容的情况下,磁探针的共振输出电压随同轴线长度的增加先减小后增大,在中间长度时取得最小值,但相应的调谐电容随长度的增加而减小,并存在周期性的变化规律。调谐并联可变电容得到的共振输出电压随原、副线圈间互感的增加先增大后减小,在中间互感时取得最大值,调谐串联电容得到的共振输出电压随互感的增加而增大。还计算了原、副线圈的电感等参量对共振输出电压及相应调谐电容的影响。
Magnetic probes (B-dot) have been widely used to measure the time varying magnetic flux density in the experiment because of the simple structure. However, the common mode interference signals come from the capacitive coupling always exist in the actual measurement of magnetic probe, and the magnetic induction signal decreases with the reduce of the effective probe coil area in the high spatial resolution measurements of the magnetic field. Thus, it is necessary to increase the output voltage of magnetic probes.
A tunable center-tapped transformer is proposed to improve the output voltage of a radio-frequency magnetic probe. The tuning is implemented by using two variable capacitors: one is parallel with the primary winding of the center-tapped transformer and the other is in series with the secondary winding. In addition, a planar faraday shield consisting of two separate slotted-metal-plates is installed between the primary and secondary windings of the transformer to further suppress the electrostatic coupling. It is found that the electrostatic coupling is suppressed effectively by using the center-tapped and the faraday shield. Tuning the parallel capacitor or the series capacitor can result in a resonance in the output voltage of the rf magnetic probe. The parallel-connected variable capacitor (without the series capacitor) is better than the series-connected variable capacitor (without the parallel capacitor) in improving the tunable magnetic probe output. The largest output voltage, achieved with the tunable magnetic probe under the optimal condition, is higher than that with a conventional one by an order of magnitude. The resonance output voltage presents a non-monotone behavior with the length of the coaxial, namely it obtains minimums at the middle length. Influences of parameters such as the inductance of the primary and secondary windings on the output voltage, the mutual inductance between the primary and secondary windings are also presented.
A circuit model of magnetic probe with the theory of mutual circuit and the transmission line effect, and the resonant condition is analytically. A maximum output voltage, the circuit is not at a simple parallel resonance state, but is determined by the system impedance including the impedance of transmission line, and the impact of the conditions of the resonance parameters are analytically. The agreements between the numerical results and measurements are qualitatively good. The voltage of transformer's primary coils and the output voltage reached the maximum with the parallel variable capacitor, but different with the series variable capacitor. Without the variable capacitor, the output voltage also exist a resonance phenomenon with the variation of the length of the coaxial, and shows a periodical change. When with the variable capacitor, the resonance output voltage presents a non-monotone behavior with the length of the coaxial, namely it obtains minimums at the middle length. However, the relative tuning capacitor is decrease with the increase of the length of the coaxial, and also shows a periodical change. The resonance output voltage of parallel-connected capacitor presents a non-monotone behavior with the mutual inductance, namely it obtains maximum at the middle stage, but the series-connected is increase with the mutual inductance. Influences of parameters such as the inductance of the primary and secondary windings on the resonance output voltage and the tuning capacitor are also presented.
引文
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[2] Hutchinson I H. Principles of Plasma Diagnostics, Cambridge University Press, 1987. 384.
[3] Chen X. Magnetic probes for small-signal detection in a large background field. Review of Scientific Instruments, 1988, 59(4): 616-618.
[4] Kurchatov I V. On the possibility of producing thermonuclear reactions in a gas discharge. Journal of Nuclear Energy , 1957, 4(2): 193-198.
[5] Artsimovich L A, Andrianov A M, Bazilevskaya O A, et al. An investigation of high-current pulsed discharges. Journal of Nuclear Energy, 1957, 4(2): 203-204.
[6] Segre S E, Allen J E. Magnetic probes of high frequency response. Journal of Scientific Instruments, 1960, (10): 369.
[7] Phillips R C, Turner E B. Construction and Calibration Techniques of High Frequency Magnetic Probes. Review of Scientific Instruments, 1965, 36(12): 1822—1825.
[8] Malmberg J H. Magnetic Probe Resolution. Review of Scientific Instruments, 1964, 35(11): 1622-1623.
[9] Mase A, Bruskin L G, Oyama N, et al. Measurement of magnetic fluctuations of electromagnetic plasma waves by cross-polarization scattering. AIP, 1997.
[10]TanakaS, Ichimura M, Takayama S, et al. Low frequency fluctuations measured by probes in the GAMMA10 tandem mirror: Review of Scientific Instruments. 1999: 70, 979—982.
[11] Yamaguchi Y, Ichimura M, Higaki H, et al. Active diagnostic of the eigenmode formation in the ion-cyclotron frequency range in the GAMMA10 central cell. AIP, 2006.
[12] Borg G G, Cross R C. Guided propagation of Alfven and ion-ion hybrid waves in a plasma with two ion species. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 1987, (6): 681.
[13] Kim Y J, Gentle K W, Ritz C P, et al. The structure of magnetic fluctuations in tokamaks: Observations in the TEXT tokamak. Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics, 1991, 3(3): 674-687.
[14] Orvis D J, Jarboe T R. Calibration of magnetic probes mounted in a copper wall. Review of Scientific Instruments, 1995, 66(5): 3263-3268.
[15] Strait E J. Frequency response of metal-clad inductive magnetic field probes. Review of Scientific Instruments, 1996, 67(7): 2538—2540.
[16] Bretz N. Diagnostic instrumentation for microturbulence in tokamaks. Review of Scientific Instruments, 1997, 68(8): 2927-2964.
[17] Castro R M, A M V, Silva R P, et al. A complex probe for measurements of turbulence in the edge of magnetically confined plasmas. Review of Scientific Instruments, 1997, 68(12): 4418-4423.
[18] Wroblewski D. Neural network evaluation of tokamak current profiles for real time control. AIP, 1997.
[19] Galambos J P, Bohnet M A, Jarboe T R, et al. Internal toroidal field measurements on the helicity injected tokamak using the transient internal probe. AIP, 1997.
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