5A01高镁铝合金腐蚀性能、屈服行为与热变形行为的研究
摘要
论文分三部分研究了5A01高镁铝合金的力学性能、腐蚀性能、屈服行为及热变形行为,同时还讨论了p相在高镁铝合金腐蚀中的作用机理。第一部分通过组织观察、力学性能测试以及腐蚀实验,研究了冷轧变形量与稳定化退火温度对5A01铝合金力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响；同时,利用熔铸冶金法制备p模拟相以及复合轧制方法制备高镁模拟合金,通过电化学实验及浸泡实验,讨论了p相在高镁铝合金局部腐蚀中的作用机理。第二部分主要研究了稳定化退火温度及冷轧变形量对5A01铝合金屈服行为的影响,并讨论了其对5A01高镁铝合金屈服行为的影响规律。第三部分利用Gleeble-1500热力模拟机及透射电镜,研究了5A01高镁铝合金的热变形流行为及组织演变。通过实验及讨论,得到以下结论：
(1)5A01合金经40%冷轧变形后的力学性能σb、σ0.2、δ分别为421MPa、324MPa、7.8%,随冷变形量的增加,合金的强度增大,延伸率减小；对于冷变形量为60%的5A01合金,在250℃稳定化退火2h,合金开始发生再结晶；经冷轧后,5A01合金的耐蚀性能均较低,且随冷变形量的提高,合金的腐蚀敏感性提高；对于冷变形量为60%的5A01合金,随稳定化退火温度(150℃～350℃)的升高,晶间腐蚀、剥落腐蚀及应力腐蚀敏感性均逐渐降低。
(2)在3.5%NaCl溶液中,β相的自腐蚀电位(-1.085v)比α(Al)相的自腐蚀电位(-0.812v)低,始终作为阳极；与α(Al)基体相比,β相阳极极化曲线上存在一个弱钝化区,并有明显的拐点出现；在3.5%NaCI溶液中β相发生活化溶解过程及点蚀,而α(Al)仅发生活化过程。
(3)不同冷变形量5A01合金经350℃/2h稳定化退火后,均发生了明显的锯齿屈服效应；且冷变形越大,合金的再结晶晶粒尺寸减小,数目增多,应力应变曲线上的吕德斯带平台越长,锯齿频率提高；而对于同一变形量合金,随应变的增加,应力应变曲线上锯齿的频率降低；对于冷变形量60%的5A01合金,回复态及再结晶态合金锯齿效应中的锯齿强度均小于冷轧态的。
(4)5A01铝合金流变应力受应变速率的影响很大,在变形温度保持不变时,5A01铝合金真应力随应变速率的提高而增大；其流变应力受应变速率的影响也很大,在应变速率一定时,5A01铝合金的真应力随变形温度的升高而降低。5A01铝合金热压缩变形时的流变应力受应变速率和变形温度的强烈影响,可采用双曲正弦形式Arrhenius的关系来描述其流变应力行为,流变应力σ、应变速率ε和变形温度T之间满足下列关系式：ε=0.06831 ln[sinh(0.0094σ)]2.7089 exp(161.14/RT)
In this paper, the corrosion resistance, yielding behavior and the behavior during hot compression deformation of 5A01 aluminum alloy have been studied by means of the slow strain-rate test, isothermal compression simulation test, electro-chemistry characteristic, metallographic microscope,SEM, TEM. Meanwhile,βphase in bulk form were prepared for the measurement of corrosion potentials by conventional electrochemical equipment. Experiments were also conducted to understand the nature of theβphase-a(Al) matrix galvanic couples in NaCl solution and dissolution phenomena associated with Mg-containing phase particle during the corrosion. The following conclusions can be drawn:
(1) The optimum application values ofσb、σ0.2 andδare 421MPa、342MPa、7.8% for 5A01 alloy after cold-rolled 40%. tensile strength and yield strength of the prepared alloy increases, while the elongation decreases with increasing the reduction.For the 5A01 alloy after cold-rolled 60%,partial recovery and recrystallization orderly occur with the increase of annealing temperature during stabilizing treatment. The corrosion resistance of alloy under cold-rolled conditions all are worse. With increasing the reduction from 40% to 80%, the corrosion susceptibility of the alloy is increasing. For the 5A01 alloy after cold-rolled 60%, with the increasing of annealing temperature from 150℃to 350℃, the corrosion susceptibility of the alloy is decreasing.
(2)In the solution of 3.5%NaCl,the corrosion potential of (3 phase(-1.085v) is lower than the corrosion potential of a(Al) phase(-0.812v). The (3 phase may be passivated in solution and occor the pitting,while the a(Al) phase could not occor.
(3) After recrystallization is completed, the smaller the recrystallized grain the longer the Luders elongation.The frequency of serrations also increases with decreasing grain size.The frequency of serrations decreases and the magnitude of serrations first increases and then decrease with increase in strain. The cold-rolled sample which has higher dislocation density has more intense serration than the sample after recovery heat treatment.
(4) To the 5A01 alloy after homogenization annealing:The stress increase with the strain rate at the same compression temperature, which show 5A01 aluminum alloy is positive strain rate sensitivity material, the stress increase with the compression temperature at the same strain rate. Deforming degree has little effect on the stress at the strain rate and the same compression temperature.The flow stress of 5A01 aluminum alloy during hot deformation can be expressed by Arrhenius function in the hyperbolic sine style. The values of A、α、n and Q in the analytical expression are 0.06831s-1、0.0094MPa、2.7089 and 161.14KJ/mol.
(1)5A01合金经40%冷轧变形后的力学性能σb、σ0.2、δ分别为421MPa、324MPa、7.8%,随冷变形量的增加,合金的强度增大,延伸率减小；对于冷变形量为60%的5A01合金,在250℃稳定化退火2h,合金开始发生再结晶；经冷轧后,5A01合金的耐蚀性能均较低,且随冷变形量的提高,合金的腐蚀敏感性提高；对于冷变形量为60%的5A01合金,随稳定化退火温度(150℃～350℃)的升高,晶间腐蚀、剥落腐蚀及应力腐蚀敏感性均逐渐降低。
(2)在3.5%NaCl溶液中,β相的自腐蚀电位(-1.085v)比α(Al)相的自腐蚀电位(-0.812v)低,始终作为阳极；与α(Al)基体相比,β相阳极极化曲线上存在一个弱钝化区,并有明显的拐点出现；在3.5%NaCI溶液中β相发生活化溶解过程及点蚀,而α(Al)仅发生活化过程。
(3)不同冷变形量5A01合金经350℃/2h稳定化退火后,均发生了明显的锯齿屈服效应；且冷变形越大,合金的再结晶晶粒尺寸减小,数目增多,应力应变曲线上的吕德斯带平台越长,锯齿频率提高；而对于同一变形量合金,随应变的增加,应力应变曲线上锯齿的频率降低；对于冷变形量60%的5A01合金,回复态及再结晶态合金锯齿效应中的锯齿强度均小于冷轧态的。
(4)5A01铝合金流变应力受应变速率的影响很大,在变形温度保持不变时,5A01铝合金真应力随应变速率的提高而增大；其流变应力受应变速率的影响也很大,在应变速率一定时,5A01铝合金的真应力随变形温度的升高而降低。5A01铝合金热压缩变形时的流变应力受应变速率和变形温度的强烈影响,可采用双曲正弦形式Arrhenius的关系来描述其流变应力行为,流变应力σ、应变速率ε和变形温度T之间满足下列关系式：ε=0.06831 ln[sinh(0.0094σ)]2.7089 exp(161.14/RT)
In this paper, the corrosion resistance, yielding behavior and the behavior during hot compression deformation of 5A01 aluminum alloy have been studied by means of the slow strain-rate test, isothermal compression simulation test, electro-chemistry characteristic, metallographic microscope,SEM, TEM. Meanwhile,βphase in bulk form were prepared for the measurement of corrosion potentials by conventional electrochemical equipment. Experiments were also conducted to understand the nature of theβphase-a(Al) matrix galvanic couples in NaCl solution and dissolution phenomena associated with Mg-containing phase particle during the corrosion. The following conclusions can be drawn:
(1) The optimum application values ofσb、σ0.2 andδare 421MPa、342MPa、7.8% for 5A01 alloy after cold-rolled 40%. tensile strength and yield strength of the prepared alloy increases, while the elongation decreases with increasing the reduction.For the 5A01 alloy after cold-rolled 60%,partial recovery and recrystallization orderly occur with the increase of annealing temperature during stabilizing treatment. The corrosion resistance of alloy under cold-rolled conditions all are worse. With increasing the reduction from 40% to 80%, the corrosion susceptibility of the alloy is increasing. For the 5A01 alloy after cold-rolled 60%, with the increasing of annealing temperature from 150℃to 350℃, the corrosion susceptibility of the alloy is decreasing.
(2)In the solution of 3.5%NaCl,the corrosion potential of (3 phase(-1.085v) is lower than the corrosion potential of a(Al) phase(-0.812v). The (3 phase may be passivated in solution and occor the pitting,while the a(Al) phase could not occor.
(3) After recrystallization is completed, the smaller the recrystallized grain the longer the Luders elongation.The frequency of serrations also increases with decreasing grain size.The frequency of serrations decreases and the magnitude of serrations first increases and then decrease with increase in strain. The cold-rolled sample which has higher dislocation density has more intense serration than the sample after recovery heat treatment.
(4) To the 5A01 alloy after homogenization annealing:The stress increase with the strain rate at the same compression temperature, which show 5A01 aluminum alloy is positive strain rate sensitivity material, the stress increase with the compression temperature at the same strain rate. Deforming degree has little effect on the stress at the strain rate and the same compression temperature.The flow stress of 5A01 aluminum alloy during hot deformation can be expressed by Arrhenius function in the hyperbolic sine style. The values of A、α、n and Q in the analytical expression are 0.06831s-1、0.0094MPa、2.7089 and 161.14KJ/mol.
引文
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