屋面雨水水质监测与生态处理
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摘要
西安是严重缺水城市,采取各种有效措施提高雨水利用能力和效率,是解决西安水资源匮乏的重要途径,也是实现水资源利用与水环境可持续发展的重要途径。
本论文对西安建筑科技大学环工楼屋面雨水进行了水质监测,研究了环工楼屋面雨水的绿地渗滤处理效果,以期为西安市城市雨水利用提供依据和技术支持。
本文在查阅了大量国内外文献及应用实例的基础上,分析归纳了城市屋面雨水利用的不同方法与途径,继而对环工楼屋面径流雨水的污染状况和水质特性进行了分析,分析了城市屋面径流雨水利用的可行性。
建立了模拟绿地试验系统,对环工楼屋面径流雨水进行收集、渗滤处理,积蓄的雨水通过土壤的毛细作用供给表层植物生长,节省浇洒绿地的用水量。
本论文主要研究成果与结论包括:
(1)春季降雨的屋面初期雨水径流污染较为严重,COD_(Mn)含量为90～30mg/l(超出地表水ⅴ类标准的6～2倍),NH_3-N含量为10～6 mg/l(超出地表水Ⅴ类标准的5～3倍),属超Ⅴ类水体,降雨后期的雨水水质在地表水Ⅴ类标准以内;夏季降雨的屋面径流污染较轻,COD_(Mn)含量为14～3mg/l,NH_3-N含量为4～0.1 mg/l,平均值分别为5.6 mg/l和0.62mg/l,属Ⅲ类水体。
(2)模拟绿地试验系统对屋面径流雨水中的浊度、SS、COD_(Mn)、氨氮、TN和TP具有明显的去除作用,平均去除率分别为:浊度80%、SS95%、COD_(Mn)44%、氨氮83%、TN61%和TP79%。
(3)试验研究表明,模拟绿地试验系统的早熟禾生长得比普通草坪的早熟禾好,人工土壤的土砂配比合适,屋面径流雨水中的营养物质供给早熟禾生长利用。
(4)模拟绿地试验系统的土壤的持水能力优于普通绿地,装置底部的下渗积水可通过毛细作用上升供给上层植物的生长;模拟系统运行6个月左右,期间实验系统表层早熟禾从未有人员维护、管理,冬季只有少部分枯黄。
(5)模拟绿地试验系统能够有效净化屋面径流雨水,雨水中的氮、磷没有在土壤中积累,而被表层植物吸收,因此该系统可以有效削减初期雨水的污染负荷。
For Xi'an is lacking of water seriously,many methods that can be used to prom -ote the ability and efficiency of utilizing the stormwater is not only a way to solve the problem of lacking of water in Xi'an,but also the way to achieve fully using of water resource and sustainable development.
This paper is based on the experiment of monitoring the stormwater runoff quality from the office building of environment engineering institution of Xi'an University of architecture and technology,and by researching the effect of biofiltration systems treatment,some basis and technical support of utilizing stormwater in Xi'an city are obtained.
This paper is also based on a large number of domestic and foreign literatures and their application.Subsequently,different kinds of methods in urban stormwater runoff utilization,the pollution and water characteristic of stormwater runoff of office build -ing,as well as the feasibility of urban stormwater runoff using have been analyzed and summarized,the biofiltration system has also been built in this experiment.During the experiment,stormwater runoff was collected and percolated.The stored stormwater can be used in the growth of surface plant through capillary action of soil,thus,the quantity of irrigating water can be decreased.
The results and conclusions of this paper are as follows:
(1)The early stormwater runoff in spring is seriously polluted,which contains 90～30mg/l COD_(Mn)(6～2 times higher than surface water standard classⅤ),10～6 mg/l NH_3-N(5～3 times higher than surface water standard classⅤ),thus,it is superⅤclass water,however,the quality of stormwater runoff in late rainy season do not exceed the surface water standard classⅤ;in summer,the stormwater runoff contains few contaminated element,such as 14～3mg/l COD_(Mn),4～0.1 mg/l NH_3-N,the average value is 5.6 mg/l and 0.62mg/l respectively,consequently,it isⅢclass water.
(2) The biofiltration system has strong ability in removing turbidity,SS,COD_(Mn), NH_3-N,TN,and TP of roof stormwater runoff.The average removal rate is:turbidity 80%,SS 95%,COD_(Mn) 44%,NH_3-N 83%,TN 61%,and TP 79%.
(3)The result of experimental research has shown that the growth of poa annua in biofiltration system is better than which in normal green,because the sand ratio in artificial soil is more proper,and the nutrition in stormwater runoff can offer a better condition for the growth of poa annua.
(4)The water-reserving ability of biofiltration system soil is superior to ordinary green,and the infiltrating water in the bottom of experiment equipment can reach to surface through capillary action to support the growth of plants;the system had operated for 6 months,though the superficial poa annua of biofiltration system had never been maintained and managed during the time,however,only few of the poa annua was scorched.
(5)Simulated green system can modify the quality of stormwater runoff efficiently, and,quantity of N and P in stormwater runoff was absorbed by plants,instead of enriching in soil.
本论文对西安建筑科技大学环工楼屋面雨水进行了水质监测,研究了环工楼屋面雨水的绿地渗滤处理效果,以期为西安市城市雨水利用提供依据和技术支持。
本文在查阅了大量国内外文献及应用实例的基础上,分析归纳了城市屋面雨水利用的不同方法与途径,继而对环工楼屋面径流雨水的污染状况和水质特性进行了分析,分析了城市屋面径流雨水利用的可行性。
建立了模拟绿地试验系统,对环工楼屋面径流雨水进行收集、渗滤处理,积蓄的雨水通过土壤的毛细作用供给表层植物生长,节省浇洒绿地的用水量。
本论文主要研究成果与结论包括:
(1)春季降雨的屋面初期雨水径流污染较为严重,COD_(Mn)含量为90～30mg/l(超出地表水ⅴ类标准的6～2倍),NH_3-N含量为10～6 mg/l(超出地表水Ⅴ类标准的5～3倍),属超Ⅴ类水体,降雨后期的雨水水质在地表水Ⅴ类标准以内;夏季降雨的屋面径流污染较轻,COD_(Mn)含量为14～3mg/l,NH_3-N含量为4～0.1 mg/l,平均值分别为5.6 mg/l和0.62mg/l,属Ⅲ类水体。
(2)模拟绿地试验系统对屋面径流雨水中的浊度、SS、COD_(Mn)、氨氮、TN和TP具有明显的去除作用,平均去除率分别为:浊度80%、SS95%、COD_(Mn)44%、氨氮83%、TN61%和TP79%。
(3)试验研究表明,模拟绿地试验系统的早熟禾生长得比普通草坪的早熟禾好,人工土壤的土砂配比合适,屋面径流雨水中的营养物质供给早熟禾生长利用。
(4)模拟绿地试验系统的土壤的持水能力优于普通绿地,装置底部的下渗积水可通过毛细作用上升供给上层植物的生长;模拟系统运行6个月左右,期间实验系统表层早熟禾从未有人员维护、管理,冬季只有少部分枯黄。
(5)模拟绿地试验系统能够有效净化屋面径流雨水,雨水中的氮、磷没有在土壤中积累,而被表层植物吸收,因此该系统可以有效削减初期雨水的污染负荷。
For Xi'an is lacking of water seriously,many methods that can be used to prom -ote the ability and efficiency of utilizing the stormwater is not only a way to solve the problem of lacking of water in Xi'an,but also the way to achieve fully using of water resource and sustainable development.
This paper is based on the experiment of monitoring the stormwater runoff quality from the office building of environment engineering institution of Xi'an University of architecture and technology,and by researching the effect of biofiltration systems treatment,some basis and technical support of utilizing stormwater in Xi'an city are obtained.
This paper is also based on a large number of domestic and foreign literatures and their application.Subsequently,different kinds of methods in urban stormwater runoff utilization,the pollution and water characteristic of stormwater runoff of office build -ing,as well as the feasibility of urban stormwater runoff using have been analyzed and summarized,the biofiltration system has also been built in this experiment.During the experiment,stormwater runoff was collected and percolated.The stored stormwater can be used in the growth of surface plant through capillary action of soil,thus,the quantity of irrigating water can be decreased.
The results and conclusions of this paper are as follows:
(1)The early stormwater runoff in spring is seriously polluted,which contains 90～30mg/l COD_(Mn)(6～2 times higher than surface water standard classⅤ),10～6 mg/l NH_3-N(5～3 times higher than surface water standard classⅤ),thus,it is superⅤclass water,however,the quality of stormwater runoff in late rainy season do not exceed the surface water standard classⅤ;in summer,the stormwater runoff contains few contaminated element,such as 14～3mg/l COD_(Mn),4～0.1 mg/l NH_3-N,the average value is 5.6 mg/l and 0.62mg/l respectively,consequently,it isⅢclass water.
(2) The biofiltration system has strong ability in removing turbidity,SS,COD_(Mn), NH_3-N,TN,and TP of roof stormwater runoff.The average removal rate is:turbidity 80%,SS 95%,COD_(Mn) 44%,NH_3-N 83%,TN 61%,and TP 79%.
(3)The result of experimental research has shown that the growth of poa annua in biofiltration system is better than which in normal green,because the sand ratio in artificial soil is more proper,and the nutrition in stormwater runoff can offer a better condition for the growth of poa annua.
(4)The water-reserving ability of biofiltration system soil is superior to ordinary green,and the infiltrating water in the bottom of experiment equipment can reach to surface through capillary action to support the growth of plants;the system had operated for 6 months,though the superficial poa annua of biofiltration system had never been maintained and managed during the time,however,only few of the poa annua was scorched.
(5)Simulated green system can modify the quality of stormwater runoff efficiently, and,quantity of N and P in stormwater runoff was absorbed by plants,instead of enriching in soil.
引文
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[3]Hiroaki Furumai.Rainwater and reclaimed wastewater for sustainable urban water use[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2008
[4]日本雨水利用技术[J].给水排水动态,2006,(01).
[5]全新峰,张克峰,李秀芝.国内外城市雨水利用现状及趋势[J].能源与环境,2006(1):19-21.
[6]程江,徐启新,杨凯等.下凹式绿地雨水渗蓄效应及其影响因素[J].给水排水,2007,33(5):45-49.
[7]王彦梅.国内外城市雨水利用研究[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(8):2384-2385.
[8]德国的雨水利用技术[J].给水排水动态,2006,(02).
[9]李亮.德国建筑中雨水收集利用[J].世界建筑,2002,12:56-58.
[10]刘应宗,李明,金宇澄.城市排水规划中雨水资源化问题探讨[J].中国给水排水,2003(12):97-98.
[11](德)渥尔纳.皮特.库斯特.德国屋顶花园绿化[J].中国园林,2005(04):71-75.
[12]张韧坚.发达国家如何利用城市雨水[J]武汉建设,2007,(02).
[13]李贺,李田,于学珍.上海市屋面雨水回用处理技术研究[J].环境科学与技术,2006,29(3):97-98.
[14]童国庆.澳大利亚的城市雨水利用设计[J].水利水电快报,2007,28(15):4-5.
[15]杨瑞平,李玉珏.雨水资源在城市中的利用[J].山西水土保持科技,2002,2(2).
[16]车武,李俊奇.从第十届国际雨水利用大会看城市雨水利用的现状与趋势[J].给水排水,2002,28(3):12-14.
[17]董蕾,车武,李海燕等.我国部分城市的雨水利用规划现状及存在的问题[J].中国给水排水,2007,23(22):1-5.
[18]车武,李俊奇,张雅君.中国的水资源危机及其对策[J].北京建筑工程学院学报,2000,16(4):4-7.
[19]李树华,殷丽峰.世界屋顶花园的历史与分类[J].中国园林,2005(5):57-61.
[20]张国臣,陈鸿汗,何江涛等.人工快速渗滤系统在城市雨水资源化中的应用[J].环境保护,2008,(04):76-78.
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