S公司采购件库存管理策略探讨
|
摘要
在市场竞争日益激烈的今天,库存管理作为影响成本的一个重要指标,也越来越受到企业的重视。S公司是一家跨国集团的中国公司总部,存在库存持有成本高、周转率低、缺货成本高和呆滞品库存高等问题。针对这些问题,本文从以下几方面对s公司采购件库存管理策略进行了研究。
(1)对问题产生原因进行了系统分析,指出缺乏采购件需求预测与分析,供应商管理和库存管理方法等是问题产生的主要原因。
(2)针对s公司缺乏采购件需求预测与分析的问题进行研究,本文基于S公司的具体情况,选择季节指数平滑法作为需求预测方法。
(3)为了解决供应商方面的问题,本文采用层次分析法来选择企业适合的供应商,并采取绩效考核体系为供应商的评级和奖惩提供依据。基于上述结果,对供应商进行分级管理,并对重要采购件实行供应商双轨制来控制供应风险。
(4)为了改善库存管理方法,本文综合研究ABC分类法和卡拉杰克矩阵的特性,确定相关物料的分类方法和分类标准。
(5)基于物料的分类,并比较了库存控制的各种策略,对不同的物料采用不同的订货策略。
With the serious competition of the market, as one of the core factors which would directly affect cost, inventory management has been attached great importance by many companies. S company is China headquarters of a multinational company and has problems including high Inventory Carrying Cost, low turnover rate, high stock out cost and high excess stock. In order to solve these problems, this paper researched the inventory management for S company purchasing parts in below aspects.
(1) Analyzed the root cause of the problems systematically The main causes of the problems include the lack of demand forecast and analysis for the purchasing parts, supplier management problems and inventory management method issue.
(2) Researched the problems of the lack of demand forecast and analysis for purchasing parts. Based on S company's actual situation, this paper selected seasonal exponential smoothing as the forecast method.
(3) In order to solve the problems of supplier management, this paper used analytic hierarchy process method to select suitable suppliers. Adopted key performance Indicator as basis for supplier rating, as wells as for supplier reward and punishment. This paper studied supplier classification and developed dual-source suppliers for key purchasing parts to control supply risk based on these results.
(4) In order to improve the inventory management, this paper designed the comprehensive material classification model and classification standard, based on the integrated research of ABC classification and Kraljic matrix classification method.
(5) Compared different control parameters and ordering strategy of materials and taking different inventory control model for different materials based on material classification.
(1)对问题产生原因进行了系统分析,指出缺乏采购件需求预测与分析,供应商管理和库存管理方法等是问题产生的主要原因。
(2)针对s公司缺乏采购件需求预测与分析的问题进行研究,本文基于S公司的具体情况,选择季节指数平滑法作为需求预测方法。
(3)为了解决供应商方面的问题,本文采用层次分析法来选择企业适合的供应商,并采取绩效考核体系为供应商的评级和奖惩提供依据。基于上述结果,对供应商进行分级管理,并对重要采购件实行供应商双轨制来控制供应风险。
(4)为了改善库存管理方法,本文综合研究ABC分类法和卡拉杰克矩阵的特性,确定相关物料的分类方法和分类标准。
(5)基于物料的分类,并比较了库存控制的各种策略,对不同的物料采用不同的订货策略。
With the serious competition of the market, as one of the core factors which would directly affect cost, inventory management has been attached great importance by many companies. S company is China headquarters of a multinational company and has problems including high Inventory Carrying Cost, low turnover rate, high stock out cost and high excess stock. In order to solve these problems, this paper researched the inventory management for S company purchasing parts in below aspects.
(1) Analyzed the root cause of the problems systematically The main causes of the problems include the lack of demand forecast and analysis for the purchasing parts, supplier management problems and inventory management method issue.
(2) Researched the problems of the lack of demand forecast and analysis for purchasing parts. Based on S company's actual situation, this paper selected seasonal exponential smoothing as the forecast method.
(3) In order to solve the problems of supplier management, this paper used analytic hierarchy process method to select suitable suppliers. Adopted key performance Indicator as basis for supplier rating, as wells as for supplier reward and punishment. This paper studied supplier classification and developed dual-source suppliers for key purchasing parts to control supply risk based on these results.
(4) In order to improve the inventory management, this paper designed the comprehensive material classification model and classification standard, based on the integrated research of ABC classification and Kraljic matrix classification method.
(5) Compared different control parameters and ordering strategy of materials and taking different inventory control model for different materials based on material classification.
引文
[1]赵晓波,黄四民,《库存管理》,北京,清华大学出版社,2008年,第3—5页,第37—40页
[2]Max Muller, Essentials of inventory management, American Management Association, c2003, pp.30-31
[3]傅和彦,《物料管理》,广州,广东经济出版社,第238248页
[4]王槐林,《采购管理与库存控制》(第三版),北京,中国物资出版社,2008年3月,第4952页
[5]Toomey W. John, Inventory management:principles, concepts and techniques, Kluwer Academic Publishers, c2000, pp.30-31
[6]周凯歌,《加强需求管理,控制库存成本》,《商场现代化》2009年,第17期,第53页
[7]王子,《A公司履带起重机采购件库存控制的研究》,[学位论文],上海,上海交通大学,2009年
[8]刘禹,《K公司苏州S工厂的原材料库存管理改善》,[学位论文],上海,上海复旦大学,2009年
[9]季建华,邵晓峰,《运营管理》,上海,世纪出版集团,第204218页
[10]秦建文,《多样化物料的库存控制研究》,[学位论文],上海,上海交通大学,2009年
[11]Peter Kraljic, Purchasing must become supply management, Harward Business Review,1983Sep-Oct, pp.109-117
[12]王新军,《GQ公司供应商管理问题研究》,[学位论文],上海,上海复旦大学,2009年
[13]杨茂盛,李银侠,《季节性指数平滑法在库存商品需求预测中的应用》,《商场现代化》,2007年,第19期,第212213页
[14]何彤, 《外资企业对供应商的评估要素》,《中国物流与采购》,2005年,第15期,第5859页
[15]胡从旭,《ABC分类法在库存中的实施及改进》,《物流工程与管理》,2010年,第9期,第6264页
[16]Joseph L. Cavinato, Anna E. Flynn, Ralph G. Kauffman, The supply management handbook, McGraw-Hill,2006, pp.124-125
[17]赵恒,《利用AHP和综合模糊评价法进行供应商选择评价研究》,《科学大众(科学教育)》,2010年,第1期,第148151页
[18]Paul Bernard, Integranted Inventory Management, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1999, pp.343-345
[19]Robert Monczka, Robert Trent, Rober Handfield, Purchasing and supply chain management, South-Western College Pub, c2002, pp.222-229
[20]郭成,《供应链管理下的VMI模式探讨》,《中国储运》,2001年,第4期,第2526页
[21]尹大力,颜雁,戚龙,《库存控制模型研究》,《长春理工大学学报(自然科学版)》,2007年04期,第122124页
[2]Max Muller, Essentials of inventory management, American Management Association, c2003, pp.30-31
[3]傅和彦,《物料管理》,广州,广东经济出版社,第238248页
[4]王槐林,《采购管理与库存控制》(第三版),北京,中国物资出版社,2008年3月,第4952页
[5]Toomey W. John, Inventory management:principles, concepts and techniques, Kluwer Academic Publishers, c2000, pp.30-31
[6]周凯歌,《加强需求管理,控制库存成本》,《商场现代化》2009年,第17期,第53页
[7]王子,《A公司履带起重机采购件库存控制的研究》,[学位论文],上海,上海交通大学,2009年
[8]刘禹,《K公司苏州S工厂的原材料库存管理改善》,[学位论文],上海,上海复旦大学,2009年
[9]季建华,邵晓峰,《运营管理》,上海,世纪出版集团,第204218页
[10]秦建文,《多样化物料的库存控制研究》,[学位论文],上海,上海交通大学,2009年
[11]Peter Kraljic, Purchasing must become supply management, Harward Business Review,1983Sep-Oct, pp.109-117
[12]王新军,《GQ公司供应商管理问题研究》,[学位论文],上海,上海复旦大学,2009年
[13]杨茂盛,李银侠,《季节性指数平滑法在库存商品需求预测中的应用》,《商场现代化》,2007年,第19期,第212213页
[14]何彤, 《外资企业对供应商的评估要素》,《中国物流与采购》,2005年,第15期,第5859页
[15]胡从旭,《ABC分类法在库存中的实施及改进》,《物流工程与管理》,2010年,第9期,第6264页
[16]Joseph L. Cavinato, Anna E. Flynn, Ralph G. Kauffman, The supply management handbook, McGraw-Hill,2006, pp.124-125
[17]赵恒,《利用AHP和综合模糊评价法进行供应商选择评价研究》,《科学大众(科学教育)》,2010年,第1期,第148151页
[18]Paul Bernard, Integranted Inventory Management, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1999, pp.343-345
[19]Robert Monczka, Robert Trent, Rober Handfield, Purchasing and supply chain management, South-Western College Pub, c2002, pp.222-229
[20]郭成,《供应链管理下的VMI模式探讨》,《中国储运》,2001年,第4期,第2526页
[21]尹大力,颜雁,戚龙,《库存控制模型研究》,《长春理工大学学报(自然科学版)》,2007年04期,第122124页