混合储能式太阳能LED路灯系统的研究与设计
摘要
随着世界经济的不断发展,石油、天然气等一次资源越发匮乏及由此引发的全球性的能源紧缺问题也日益显现,因此合理开发太阳能资源对缓解未来能源困局具有重要意义。独立型太阳能路灯照明系统是目前太阳能发电系统应用的一个重要研究领域。
本文在大量查阅国内外太阳能发电技术研究现状等相关文献的基础上,结合太阳能路灯照明发电系统的基本结构及发电原理,通过深入探讨铅酸蓄电池的充放电过程及太阳能电池相关特性,分析了目前独立型太阳能路灯系统存在的主要问题。在此基础上提出了利用超级电容器优化胶体铅酸蓄电池充放电过程的混合储能技术,并结合开关电源转换技术及单片机智能控制技术,设计了以ATM89C51为核心的独立型太阳能路灯照明系统,该系统采用UC3909芯片对胶体铅酸蓄电池进行四阶段智能充电,利用混合储能技术提高系统的储能效率,保护了蓄电池,延长其使用寿命;同时利用升降压电路实现系统的弱光充电功能,系统采用环保、节能的大功率白光LED作为照明灯源,同时采用最大功率跟踪技术提高太阳能电池的利用效率。通过对研制的30W太阳能LED路灯系统的运行情况进行跟踪检测,验证了系统的稳定性和可行性,可为今后同类产品的研发提供参考。
With the development of economy, one-time source, such as oil, become scarce so that shortage of energy is increasingly revealed. So it is significant to alleviate energy dilemma by using solar energy reasonably. And the stand-alone photovoltaic LED lighting system is an important research field in recent solar energy electricity generation system.
Firstly, base on today’s solar energy electricity generation technology in the world, this paper combines the basic structure and energy generation principle of photovoltaic LED lighting system, analyses the main problems in today’s stand-alone solar street lamp lighting system. Secondly, according to above, this paper advances a hybrid energy storage technology by using EDLC to optimize gelled lead-acid battery charge and discharge process. Meanwhile, it designs an stand-alone photovoltaic LED lighting system by combining switching converter technology and SCM intelligent control technology, the core of which is ATM89C51. This system realizes gelled lead-acid battery’s four-stage charging management by using UC3909. Due to the hybrid storage technology improving system’s storage efficiency, this system protects the battery and extends its life. Here buck-boost conversion circuit actualizes low-light charge and the optical source is high power white LED, energy-saving and environmental. At the same time, it improves solar cells’usage efficiency via using maximum power point tracking. Finally, a photovoltaic LED street lamp lighting system that this designs proves its stability and feasibility. This paper is useful to design the similar product in the future.
本文在大量查阅国内外太阳能发电技术研究现状等相关文献的基础上,结合太阳能路灯照明发电系统的基本结构及发电原理,通过深入探讨铅酸蓄电池的充放电过程及太阳能电池相关特性,分析了目前独立型太阳能路灯系统存在的主要问题。在此基础上提出了利用超级电容器优化胶体铅酸蓄电池充放电过程的混合储能技术,并结合开关电源转换技术及单片机智能控制技术,设计了以ATM89C51为核心的独立型太阳能路灯照明系统,该系统采用UC3909芯片对胶体铅酸蓄电池进行四阶段智能充电,利用混合储能技术提高系统的储能效率,保护了蓄电池,延长其使用寿命;同时利用升降压电路实现系统的弱光充电功能,系统采用环保、节能的大功率白光LED作为照明灯源,同时采用最大功率跟踪技术提高太阳能电池的利用效率。通过对研制的30W太阳能LED路灯系统的运行情况进行跟踪检测,验证了系统的稳定性和可行性,可为今后同类产品的研发提供参考。
With the development of economy, one-time source, such as oil, become scarce so that shortage of energy is increasingly revealed. So it is significant to alleviate energy dilemma by using solar energy reasonably. And the stand-alone photovoltaic LED lighting system is an important research field in recent solar energy electricity generation system.
Firstly, base on today’s solar energy electricity generation technology in the world, this paper combines the basic structure and energy generation principle of photovoltaic LED lighting system, analyses the main problems in today’s stand-alone solar street lamp lighting system. Secondly, according to above, this paper advances a hybrid energy storage technology by using EDLC to optimize gelled lead-acid battery charge and discharge process. Meanwhile, it designs an stand-alone photovoltaic LED lighting system by combining switching converter technology and SCM intelligent control technology, the core of which is ATM89C51. This system realizes gelled lead-acid battery’s four-stage charging management by using UC3909. Due to the hybrid storage technology improving system’s storage efficiency, this system protects the battery and extends its life. Here buck-boost conversion circuit actualizes low-light charge and the optical source is high power white LED, energy-saving and environmental. At the same time, it improves solar cells’usage efficiency via using maximum power point tracking. Finally, a photovoltaic LED street lamp lighting system that this designs proves its stability and feasibility. This paper is useful to design the similar product in the future.
引文
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[15]王鑫.超级电容器在汽车启动中的应用[J].国外电子元器件,2006(5):56-59.
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[24]李少林,姚国兴.风光互补发电蓄电池超级电容混合储能研究[J].电力电子技术, 2010(2):0012-0015.
[25]徐立,高孝洪,等.应用超级电容的工程机械混合动力系统仿真研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士论文,2008:23-25.
[26]郭锡民,张秀艳.胶体阀控密封铅酸蓄电池性能特点浅析[J].蓄电池,1999(02):0105-0107.
[27]杨清德等. LED驱动电路设计与工程施工案例精讲[M].化学工业出版社,2010:45-47.
[28]何丽佳,周新志,等.基于UC3909芯片的电源系统设计[J].工业控制计算机,2008 , 21(7):86-88.
[29]田黎明,王连军,等.基于UC3909的UPS蓄电池充电器[J].计算机工程与设计, 2007 (13):3242-3257.
[30] Laszlo Balogh,Implementing Multi-State Charge Algorithm with the UC3909 Switchmode Lead-Acid Battery Charger Controller,U-155 Application Note,Unitrode Applications Handbook,pp.3-488.
[31] Sanjaya Maniktala, Switching Power Supplies A to Z [M].POST&TELECOMPRESS,2008:52-55.
[32] Steve Winder,Power Supplies for LED Driving[M].POSTS&TELECOM PRESS,2009:40-48.
[33]周志敏,纪爱华.太阳能LED路灯设计与应用[M].电子工业出版社,2009:17-19.
[34]蔡宣三,张占松.开关电源的原理与设计[M].电子工业出版社,2004:34-36.
[35]李定宣.开关稳定电源设计与应用[M].中国电力出版社,2006:61-63.
[36]肖金球.单片机原理与接口技术[M].清华大学出版社,2004:38-39.
[37]夏莉英,陈雁.基于ADC0809的模拟电压采样测量方法[J].福建电脑,2008(4):166-169.
[38] K?H?Liu,F?C?Lee.Topological constraints on basic PWM converters.IEEE PESC.88,164-167.
[39]朱湘临,廖志凌,刘国海.太阳能电池方法的初值问题及其实验研究[J].电力电子技术,2010(02):07-10.
[40] Esram T,Chapman P L.Comparison of Photovoltaic Array.Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques[J].IEEE Trans.on Energy Conversion,2007,22(2):439-449.
[41] Koizumi H,Kurokawa K.A Novel Maximum Power PointTracking Method for PV Module Integrated Converter[J].Proc.IEEE PESC,2005:2081-2086.
[2]冯垛生,宋金莲,赵慧,等.太阳能发电原理与应用[M].人民邮电出版社2007:43-44.
[3]赵争鸣,刘建政,孙晓瑛等.太阳能光伏发电及其应用[M].科学出版社,2005:30-32.
[4]杨忠敏.太阳能照明迎来快速发展时代[J].电气时代,2008(3):72-75.
[5]刘立强,岑长岸,等.弱光下光伏充电器的设计[J].控制理论与应用,2008,25(2): 0364-0366.
[6]毛爱华,太阳能电池研究和发展现状[J].包头钢铁学院学报,2002,21(1):94-98.
[7]蒋荣华,肖顺珍.硅基太阳能电池与材料[J].新材料产业,2003,116(7):8-13.
[8]高旭,独立运行光伏发电系统研究[J].硅谷2010(5):35-36.
[9]唐西胜,超级电容器储能应用于分布式发电系统的能量管理及稳定性研究[D].中国科学院博士论文,2005:17~18.
[10]王长贵,王斯成.太阳能光伏发电实用技术[M].化学工业出版社,2005:20-23.
[11]杨勇.太阳能系统用铅酸蓄电池综述[J].蓄电池,2009(2):51-57.
[12]王鹤,刘东社,杨宏.铅酸蓄电池的过充电保护与温度补偿[J].西安交通大学学报,2001(12):1310-1313.
[13]周志敏,周纪海,等.充电器电路设计与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005:62-65.
[14]叶成昆.2010-2015年中国超级电容器市场研究及投资前景咨询报告[J].中商情报网,2010(08):17-21.
[15]王鑫.超级电容器在汽车启动中的应用[J].国外电子元器件,2006(5):56-59.
[16]韦文生,梁吉,徐才录等.碳纳米管超大容量电容器在光伏系统中的应用[J].太阳能学报,2002,23(2):223-226.
[17]张莉,混合型超级电容器的相关理论和实验研究[D].大连理工大学硕士论文,2005:31-33.
[18] GAO L,DOUGAL R A,LIU S.Power Enhancement of an Actively Controlled Battery Ultracapacitor Hybrid[J].IEEE Trans.on Power Electronics,2005 ,20(1):236-243.
[19] O.Evren,Z.Ben,A.Joel,B.Sean.Power distribution control coordinatin ultracapacitors and batteries for electric vehicles.Proceedings of the 200American ControlConference,Boston, MA,United States.2004:4716-4721.
[20] Thoms Eilinger.Super-Capacitor Energy Storage Unit for Ele-vator Installations[P]. United StatesPatent,US 6742630B2.1,2004.
[21] Schupbach.Roberto M,Balda.Juan C.The role of ultracapacitors in an energy storage unit for vehicle power management.IEEE 58th Vehicular Technology. Conference,Orlando,FL, United States 2004:3236-3240.
[22] Capponi.F,Di Napoli.A,Crescimbini.F.Multiple-input dc-dc power converter for power-flow management in hybrid vehicles.37th IEEE industry Applications Society, Pittsburgh,PA,United States.2002:1578-1585.
[23]胡庆波,吕征宇,等.混合动力汽车驱动的电功率管理研究[D].浙江大学硕士论文,2008:11-14.
[24]李少林,姚国兴.风光互补发电蓄电池超级电容混合储能研究[J].电力电子技术, 2010(2):0012-0015.
[25]徐立,高孝洪,等.应用超级电容的工程机械混合动力系统仿真研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士论文,2008:23-25.
[26]郭锡民,张秀艳.胶体阀控密封铅酸蓄电池性能特点浅析[J].蓄电池,1999(02):0105-0107.
[27]杨清德等. LED驱动电路设计与工程施工案例精讲[M].化学工业出版社,2010:45-47.
[28]何丽佳,周新志,等.基于UC3909芯片的电源系统设计[J].工业控制计算机,2008 , 21(7):86-88.
[29]田黎明,王连军,等.基于UC3909的UPS蓄电池充电器[J].计算机工程与设计, 2007 (13):3242-3257.
[30] Laszlo Balogh,Implementing Multi-State Charge Algorithm with the UC3909 Switchmode Lead-Acid Battery Charger Controller,U-155 Application Note,Unitrode Applications Handbook,pp.3-488.
[31] Sanjaya Maniktala, Switching Power Supplies A to Z [M].POST&TELECOMPRESS,2008:52-55.
[32] Steve Winder,Power Supplies for LED Driving[M].POSTS&TELECOM PRESS,2009:40-48.
[33]周志敏,纪爱华.太阳能LED路灯设计与应用[M].电子工业出版社,2009:17-19.
[34]蔡宣三,张占松.开关电源的原理与设计[M].电子工业出版社,2004:34-36.
[35]李定宣.开关稳定电源设计与应用[M].中国电力出版社,2006:61-63.
[36]肖金球.单片机原理与接口技术[M].清华大学出版社,2004:38-39.
[37]夏莉英,陈雁.基于ADC0809的模拟电压采样测量方法[J].福建电脑,2008(4):166-169.
[38] K?H?Liu,F?C?Lee.Topological constraints on basic PWM converters.IEEE PESC.88,164-167.
[39]朱湘临,廖志凌,刘国海.太阳能电池方法的初值问题及其实验研究[J].电力电子技术,2010(02):07-10.
[40] Esram T,Chapman P L.Comparison of Photovoltaic Array.Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques[J].IEEE Trans.on Energy Conversion,2007,22(2):439-449.
[41] Koizumi H,Kurokawa K.A Novel Maximum Power PointTracking Method for PV Module Integrated Converter[J].Proc.IEEE PESC,2005:2081-2086.