电动自行车的太阳能充电装置研究
|
摘要
我国已经逐步成为电动自行车保有量最多的国家,我国的国情决定了我们的交通工具不可能像欧美发达国家那样全面使用小轿车,电动自行车将有可能成为中国人的主要个人交通工具。电动自行车是近十几年发展起来的,它发展的基础是电动车技术的进步和现代高新技术的成果,据全国各大城市的市民需求调查,高达76%的市民有将电动自行车作为代步交通工具的需求。电动自行车成为很多人出行的选择,但由于电动车的电池很重,拿到室内充电很费劲,而且,电动自行车时常走在半路上会没电,太阳能电动自行车(充电装置)的研究与开发成为近年热门的话题。能源问题是世界性的,向新能源过渡的时期迟早要到来。太阳能作为一种能源,与煤炭、石油、天然气、核能等矿物燃料相比,具有普遍、无害、巨大、持久等优点,因此发展太阳能电动自行车是很有前景的,在提倡环保、低碳的新时期,这也是电动自行车行业发展的必然趋势。
本文以电动自行车的太阳能充电装置为研究对象,在光伏发电技术与独立光伏发电系统设计的基础上,开发出适用于电动自行车的太阳能充电系统装置,并采用最大功率追踪法分析系统的效率及性能。详细了解了小型独立光伏发电系统的概念及组成,以及国内外研究的发展概况,当前主要研究的问题与关键技术以及发展趋势与应用前景。主要通过电动自行车每天平均消耗的电量确定所需太阳能电池板的功率,进而确定电池板的面积大小,在考虑到电动自行车外观及行车安全等诸多因素后,最终确定了采用顶棚式安装的方法来固定太阳能电池板;并根据系统不同组件受光照、温度等外部环境影响不同,对系统整体性能参数做了深入分析。本文所设计的太阳能充电装置可以实现电动自行车的太阳能充电。既解决了普通电动自行车充电难的问题,又利用了太阳能这一新型能源,低碳环保。
China has gradually become the most populous country of electric bicycle quantities. Chinese reality determines our traffic tools may not like Euramerican developed country that comprehensively use cars, and electric bicycle is likely to become the main personal transport. Electric bicycles are developed in the resent ten years. It is based on the progress of the electric car technology and modern hi-tech achievements. According to the citizens' demand survey of the country's major cities, as much as 76 percent of the citizens will have electric bicycle as traffic tool. As to a lot of people, electric bikes become their travel choice, but because electric batteries are very heavy, getting indoor charging are very laborious, and also, electric bicycles often have no electricity in halfway. So solar electric bicycle(charging device) research and development become a recent hot topic.
Energy issue is a worldwide basis. The transition period to new energy is to come sooner or later. Solar energy as the one kind of energy, compared with fossil fuels such as the coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear power and so on, has the advantages of universal, harmless, huge, lasting, etc. Therefore the development of solar electric bikes is promising. In the new period advocating environmental protection and low carbon, this is also an inevitable trend that electric bicycle industry develops.
This article mainly talks about the electric bicycle solar charging device. Based on photovoltaic energy technology and independent photovoltaic power system designing, it developed solar charging system device on the basis of the applicable to electric bicycle and adopted the most high-power tracking method to analyze the efficiency of system and performance. It makes a detailed knowledge to the concept and components of a small independent photovoltaic power generation system, the development status of domestic and overseas' research, the current research problems and the key technology and development trends and application prospect. The essay is mainly through the average daily power that electric bicycles consume to determine the power needed for solar panels, and then determine the size of panels. Considering the electric bicycle's appearance and safety, and many other factors, the article finally adopts ceiling installation method to fix solar panels; and according to the exterior environment such as light, temperature and so on having different influences on the different components of the system, do an in-depth analysis on the overall system performance parameters. This design of solar charging devices can realize the solar charging of electric bicycle. It can resolve the charging hard problem that the ordinary electric bicycle have, and also use the new energy solar energy which is low carbon and environmental protection.
本文以电动自行车的太阳能充电装置为研究对象,在光伏发电技术与独立光伏发电系统设计的基础上,开发出适用于电动自行车的太阳能充电系统装置,并采用最大功率追踪法分析系统的效率及性能。详细了解了小型独立光伏发电系统的概念及组成,以及国内外研究的发展概况,当前主要研究的问题与关键技术以及发展趋势与应用前景。主要通过电动自行车每天平均消耗的电量确定所需太阳能电池板的功率,进而确定电池板的面积大小,在考虑到电动自行车外观及行车安全等诸多因素后,最终确定了采用顶棚式安装的方法来固定太阳能电池板;并根据系统不同组件受光照、温度等外部环境影响不同,对系统整体性能参数做了深入分析。本文所设计的太阳能充电装置可以实现电动自行车的太阳能充电。既解决了普通电动自行车充电难的问题,又利用了太阳能这一新型能源,低碳环保。
China has gradually become the most populous country of electric bicycle quantities. Chinese reality determines our traffic tools may not like Euramerican developed country that comprehensively use cars, and electric bicycle is likely to become the main personal transport. Electric bicycles are developed in the resent ten years. It is based on the progress of the electric car technology and modern hi-tech achievements. According to the citizens' demand survey of the country's major cities, as much as 76 percent of the citizens will have electric bicycle as traffic tool. As to a lot of people, electric bikes become their travel choice, but because electric batteries are very heavy, getting indoor charging are very laborious, and also, electric bicycles often have no electricity in halfway. So solar electric bicycle(charging device) research and development become a recent hot topic.
Energy issue is a worldwide basis. The transition period to new energy is to come sooner or later. Solar energy as the one kind of energy, compared with fossil fuels such as the coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear power and so on, has the advantages of universal, harmless, huge, lasting, etc. Therefore the development of solar electric bikes is promising. In the new period advocating environmental protection and low carbon, this is also an inevitable trend that electric bicycle industry develops.
This article mainly talks about the electric bicycle solar charging device. Based on photovoltaic energy technology and independent photovoltaic power system designing, it developed solar charging system device on the basis of the applicable to electric bicycle and adopted the most high-power tracking method to analyze the efficiency of system and performance. It makes a detailed knowledge to the concept and components of a small independent photovoltaic power generation system, the development status of domestic and overseas' research, the current research problems and the key technology and development trends and application prospect. The essay is mainly through the average daily power that electric bicycles consume to determine the power needed for solar panels, and then determine the size of panels. Considering the electric bicycle's appearance and safety, and many other factors, the article finally adopts ceiling installation method to fix solar panels; and according to the exterior environment such as light, temperature and so on having different influences on the different components of the system, do an in-depth analysis on the overall system performance parameters. This design of solar charging devices can realize the solar charging of electric bicycle. It can resolve the charging hard problem that the ordinary electric bicycle have, and also use the new energy solar energy which is low carbon and environmental protection.
引文
[1]乐平.再论电动自行车产业发展前景[J].中国自行车,2009:38-39
[2]杨金焕,于从化,葛亮,等.太阳能光伏发电应用技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2009,1:1-2
[3]李俊峰,王斯成,张敏吉,等.2007中国光伏发展报告[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2008.
[4]吕贝,邱河梅,张宇.太阳能光伏发电产业现状及发展[J].华电技术,2010,1
[5] http://www.china5e.com/show.php?contentid=164584&page=5.2011中国光伏产业发展报告.
[6]赵玉东.太阳能电动车动力系统参数匹配及仿真研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[7]安其霖,曹国琛,李国新,等.太阳电池原理与工艺[M].上海:上海科学出版社,1984,10(1).
[8]周勋,徐明.太阳电池的研究和应用进展[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2000,18(2).
[9]汤会香,严密,张辉,等.太阳能电池材料CuInS2的研究现状[J].材料导报,2002,8 .
[10]正田英介.电力电子学[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[11] K.Sasaki,M.Yokota,H.Nagayoshi,K.Kamisako. Evalution of electric motor andgasoline engine hybrid car using solar cell[J]. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells,1997(47):259-263.
[12]陈桂兰,孙晓,李然.光伏发电系统最大功率点跟踪控制[J].电子技术应用,2004,8:33-35.
[13]雷元超,陈春根,沈骏,等.光伏电源最大功率点跟踪控制方法研究[J].电工电能新技术,2004,23(3):76-80.
[14]孟昭渊,李金刚.太阳能电动自行车可行性分析与实践[J].太阳能学报,2007(7):33-35.
[15]张军军,孙佩石,梁海涛.太阳能电动车车用光伏充电器的设计[J].电源技术应用,2006(9):14-17.
[16]尹淞,郝继红.我国太阳能光伏发电技术应用综述[J].电力技术,2009(3):1-8.
[17]孔慧,熊胜虎,全球光伏产业发展现状及发展趋势分析[J].太阳能学报,2009(6):9-12.
[18]杨海柱,金新民.最大功率跟踪的光伏并网逆变器研究[J].北方交通大学学报,2004,28(2):65-68.
[19]雷永泉.新能源材料[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2002.
[20]周廷.PWM光伏逆变电源AC-DC电路及最大功率点跟踪技术的研究[D].济南:山东大学控制科学与工程学院,2006.
[21]郑诗程.光伏发电系统及其控制的研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学电气与自动化工程学院,2004.
[22] RASHID M H.电力电子技术手册[M].陈建业,杨德刚,于歆杰,等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[23] PRESSMAN A I.开关电源设计[M].王志强,王凡,任凌,等译.北京:电子工业出版社,2006(2).
[24]范玲莉,邓焰,石健将.基于LM25037的车载逆变电源设计[J].电力电子技术,2009(6):61- 63.
[25]林渭勋.现代电力电子电路[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2007(2).
[26]卢琳,殳国华,张仕文.基于MPPT的智能太阳能充电系统研究[J].电力电子技术,2006,41(2):96-98.
[27]欧阳名三,余世杰,沈玉梁,等.具有最大功率点跟踪功能的户用光伏充电系统的研究[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(6):272-275.
[28]梁宗存,沈辉,李戢洪.太阳能电池研究进展[J].能源工程,2000(4):8-11.
[29]赵争鸣.太阳能光伏发电及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:27-73.
[30]曲学基.太阳能发电技术方兴未艾[J].电源技术应用, 2008(9):34.
[31]苏建徽,余世杰,赵为,等.硅太阳电池工程用数学模型[J].太阳能学报,2001,22(4):409-412.
[32]朱丽.基于Matlab/Simulink的太阳能电池特性仿真[D].合肥:合肥工业大学.2006.
[33]杜柯,段善旭,刘飞.基于Matlab的一种光伏阵列模拟器的研究[J].通信电源技术,2006,23(3),8-10.
[34]江小涛.太阳电池最大功率点跟踪研究[J].通信电源技术, 2005 (4):33-35.
[35]欧阳名三,余世杰,沈玉.一种太阳能电池MPPT控制器实现及测试方法的研究[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2004,18(2):30-34.
[36]张超,何湘宁.短路电流结合扰动观察法在光伏发电最大功率点跟踪控制中的应用[J].中国机电工程学报,2006,26(20):98-102
[37]鲁华永,袁越,陈志飞,等.太阳能发电技术探讨[J].江苏电机工程,2008,2(1):81-84.
[38]史文库,吕冬慧,梁天也.太阳能电动车动力传动系参数匹配的基础研究[J].太阳能学报,2008,29(8):959-964.
[39]唐敏.一种太阳能电池最大功率点跟踪的算法研究[J].通信电源技术,2007 (4):l2-l3.
[40]刘极峰,蒋勇.太阳能伸缩板电动车创新设计[J].制造自动化,2009,31(4):109-111.
[41]赵慧.基于太阳能电动车充电控制系统的研究[D].广东工业大学硕士学位论文.2005.
[42]于静,车俊铁,张吉月.太阳能发电技术综述[J].世界科技研究与发展,2008,30(1):56-59.
[43]高嵩,侯宏娟.太阳能热发电系统分析[J].华电技术, 2009,31(1):70-74.
[44]陈中华,赵敏荣,葛亮,等.硅太阳电池数学模型的简化[J].上海电力学院学报,2006,22(2):178-180.
[45]崔容强,喜文华,魏一康,等.太阳能光伏发电[J].太阳能,2004(4):72-76.
[46]胡寅.太阳能发电系统相关技术方案设计[J].上海建设科技,2009(1):12-15.
[47]王志刚.太阳能光伏发电系统控制方案浅析[J].华电技术,2010,32(4):18-19.
[48]茆美琴,余世杰,苏建徽.带有MPPT功能的光伏阵列Matlab通用仿真模型[J].系统仿真学报,2005,17(5):1248-1251.
[49]雷元超.光伏电源最大功率点跟踪控制方法研究[J].电工电能新技术,2004 (3):32-35.
[50]崔岩,李大勇.太阳能光伏系统MPPT控制算法的对比研究[J].太阳能学报,2006,27 (6):535-539.
[51]刘巍,王志超.太阳自动跟踪系统的研究与设计[J].水电能源科学,2009,27(2):215-218.
[52]赵争鸣,刘建政,孙晓瑛,等.太阳能光伏发电及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[53]崔岩,蔡炳煌,李大勇,等.太阳能光伏系统MPPT控制算法的对比研究[J].太阳能学报,2006 (6):535-539.
[54]欧阳名三.采用单片机的太阳能电池最大功率点跟踪控制器[J].电子科技,2002 (I2):753-755.
[55]胥绍禹.太阳电池应用技术.电子报合订本[Z].2006.
[56]卢琳,曼国华,张仕文.基于MPPT的智能太阳能充电系统研究[J].电力电子技术,2007 (2):96-98.
[57]赵建武,茆有柏.模拟电子技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2007.
[58]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计(修订版) [M].北京:电子工业出版社.2004.
[59]陈兴峰.光伏发电的最大功率跟踪算法研究[J].可再生资源,2005(1):8-11.
[60]宿建峰,李和平,负小银,等.太阳能热发电系统的发展现状及主要问题[J].华电技术,2009,31(4):78-82.
[61]赵争鸣,刘建政,孙晓英,等.太阳能光伏发电及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[62]苏建徽,余世杰,赵为,等.硅太阳能电池工程用数学模型[J].太阳能学报,2001(4):409-412.
[63]K0UTROUL IS E,KALAITZAKIS K.V0ULGAR IsNC.Developmentof a microcontroller2based photovoltaicmaximum power point tracking controlsystem [J].IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 2001,16 (1):46-54.
[64]岑长岸,张淼.基于组态优化的光伏阵列最大输出功率控制[J].可再生能源,2008,26(3):27-30.
[2]杨金焕,于从化,葛亮,等.太阳能光伏发电应用技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2009,1:1-2
[3]李俊峰,王斯成,张敏吉,等.2007中国光伏发展报告[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2008.
[4]吕贝,邱河梅,张宇.太阳能光伏发电产业现状及发展[J].华电技术,2010,1
[5] http://www.china5e.com/show.php?contentid=164584&page=5.2011中国光伏产业发展报告.
[6]赵玉东.太阳能电动车动力系统参数匹配及仿真研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[7]安其霖,曹国琛,李国新,等.太阳电池原理与工艺[M].上海:上海科学出版社,1984,10(1).
[8]周勋,徐明.太阳电池的研究和应用进展[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2000,18(2).
[9]汤会香,严密,张辉,等.太阳能电池材料CuInS2的研究现状[J].材料导报,2002,8 .
[10]正田英介.电力电子学[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[11] K.Sasaki,M.Yokota,H.Nagayoshi,K.Kamisako. Evalution of electric motor andgasoline engine hybrid car using solar cell[J]. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells,1997(47):259-263.
[12]陈桂兰,孙晓,李然.光伏发电系统最大功率点跟踪控制[J].电子技术应用,2004,8:33-35.
[13]雷元超,陈春根,沈骏,等.光伏电源最大功率点跟踪控制方法研究[J].电工电能新技术,2004,23(3):76-80.
[14]孟昭渊,李金刚.太阳能电动自行车可行性分析与实践[J].太阳能学报,2007(7):33-35.
[15]张军军,孙佩石,梁海涛.太阳能电动车车用光伏充电器的设计[J].电源技术应用,2006(9):14-17.
[16]尹淞,郝继红.我国太阳能光伏发电技术应用综述[J].电力技术,2009(3):1-8.
[17]孔慧,熊胜虎,全球光伏产业发展现状及发展趋势分析[J].太阳能学报,2009(6):9-12.
[18]杨海柱,金新民.最大功率跟踪的光伏并网逆变器研究[J].北方交通大学学报,2004,28(2):65-68.
[19]雷永泉.新能源材料[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2002.
[20]周廷.PWM光伏逆变电源AC-DC电路及最大功率点跟踪技术的研究[D].济南:山东大学控制科学与工程学院,2006.
[21]郑诗程.光伏发电系统及其控制的研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学电气与自动化工程学院,2004.
[22] RASHID M H.电力电子技术手册[M].陈建业,杨德刚,于歆杰,等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[23] PRESSMAN A I.开关电源设计[M].王志强,王凡,任凌,等译.北京:电子工业出版社,2006(2).
[24]范玲莉,邓焰,石健将.基于LM25037的车载逆变电源设计[J].电力电子技术,2009(6):61- 63.
[25]林渭勋.现代电力电子电路[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2007(2).
[26]卢琳,殳国华,张仕文.基于MPPT的智能太阳能充电系统研究[J].电力电子技术,2006,41(2):96-98.
[27]欧阳名三,余世杰,沈玉梁,等.具有最大功率点跟踪功能的户用光伏充电系统的研究[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(6):272-275.
[28]梁宗存,沈辉,李戢洪.太阳能电池研究进展[J].能源工程,2000(4):8-11.
[29]赵争鸣.太阳能光伏发电及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:27-73.
[30]曲学基.太阳能发电技术方兴未艾[J].电源技术应用, 2008(9):34.
[31]苏建徽,余世杰,赵为,等.硅太阳电池工程用数学模型[J].太阳能学报,2001,22(4):409-412.
[32]朱丽.基于Matlab/Simulink的太阳能电池特性仿真[D].合肥:合肥工业大学.2006.
[33]杜柯,段善旭,刘飞.基于Matlab的一种光伏阵列模拟器的研究[J].通信电源技术,2006,23(3),8-10.
[34]江小涛.太阳电池最大功率点跟踪研究[J].通信电源技术, 2005 (4):33-35.
[35]欧阳名三,余世杰,沈玉.一种太阳能电池MPPT控制器实现及测试方法的研究[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2004,18(2):30-34.
[36]张超,何湘宁.短路电流结合扰动观察法在光伏发电最大功率点跟踪控制中的应用[J].中国机电工程学报,2006,26(20):98-102
[37]鲁华永,袁越,陈志飞,等.太阳能发电技术探讨[J].江苏电机工程,2008,2(1):81-84.
[38]史文库,吕冬慧,梁天也.太阳能电动车动力传动系参数匹配的基础研究[J].太阳能学报,2008,29(8):959-964.
[39]唐敏.一种太阳能电池最大功率点跟踪的算法研究[J].通信电源技术,2007 (4):l2-l3.
[40]刘极峰,蒋勇.太阳能伸缩板电动车创新设计[J].制造自动化,2009,31(4):109-111.
[41]赵慧.基于太阳能电动车充电控制系统的研究[D].广东工业大学硕士学位论文.2005.
[42]于静,车俊铁,张吉月.太阳能发电技术综述[J].世界科技研究与发展,2008,30(1):56-59.
[43]高嵩,侯宏娟.太阳能热发电系统分析[J].华电技术, 2009,31(1):70-74.
[44]陈中华,赵敏荣,葛亮,等.硅太阳电池数学模型的简化[J].上海电力学院学报,2006,22(2):178-180.
[45]崔容强,喜文华,魏一康,等.太阳能光伏发电[J].太阳能,2004(4):72-76.
[46]胡寅.太阳能发电系统相关技术方案设计[J].上海建设科技,2009(1):12-15.
[47]王志刚.太阳能光伏发电系统控制方案浅析[J].华电技术,2010,32(4):18-19.
[48]茆美琴,余世杰,苏建徽.带有MPPT功能的光伏阵列Matlab通用仿真模型[J].系统仿真学报,2005,17(5):1248-1251.
[49]雷元超.光伏电源最大功率点跟踪控制方法研究[J].电工电能新技术,2004 (3):32-35.
[50]崔岩,李大勇.太阳能光伏系统MPPT控制算法的对比研究[J].太阳能学报,2006,27 (6):535-539.
[51]刘巍,王志超.太阳自动跟踪系统的研究与设计[J].水电能源科学,2009,27(2):215-218.
[52]赵争鸣,刘建政,孙晓瑛,等.太阳能光伏发电及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[53]崔岩,蔡炳煌,李大勇,等.太阳能光伏系统MPPT控制算法的对比研究[J].太阳能学报,2006 (6):535-539.
[54]欧阳名三.采用单片机的太阳能电池最大功率点跟踪控制器[J].电子科技,2002 (I2):753-755.
[55]胥绍禹.太阳电池应用技术.电子报合订本[Z].2006.
[56]卢琳,曼国华,张仕文.基于MPPT的智能太阳能充电系统研究[J].电力电子技术,2007 (2):96-98.
[57]赵建武,茆有柏.模拟电子技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2007.
[58]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计(修订版) [M].北京:电子工业出版社.2004.
[59]陈兴峰.光伏发电的最大功率跟踪算法研究[J].可再生资源,2005(1):8-11.
[60]宿建峰,李和平,负小银,等.太阳能热发电系统的发展现状及主要问题[J].华电技术,2009,31(4):78-82.
[61]赵争鸣,刘建政,孙晓英,等.太阳能光伏发电及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[62]苏建徽,余世杰,赵为,等.硅太阳能电池工程用数学模型[J].太阳能学报,2001(4):409-412.
[63]K0UTROUL IS E,KALAITZAKIS K.V0ULGAR IsNC.Developmentof a microcontroller2based photovoltaicmaximum power point tracking controlsystem [J].IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 2001,16 (1):46-54.
[64]岑长岸,张淼.基于组态优化的光伏阵列最大输出功率控制[J].可再生能源,2008,26(3):27-30.