地源热泵在地铁工程中的应用分析
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摘要
地下铁道是解决现代城市交通拥挤问题的有效手段,今后的二、三十年是我国城市轨道交通发展的高峰期。地铁运量逐年升高,列车对数和速度逐渐加大,地铁环控系统能耗因此逐年增加。然而由于我国能源问题的日益严重,社会各方面都意识到对能源的有效利用和节能的重要性。地铁环境控制系统是整个地铁工程的重要组成部分,地铁环控系统能耗占地铁能耗的50%以上,节约环控系统能耗对节省地铁运营费用有重要的意义。因此如何优化设计地铁环控系统,降低环控系统运行费用,是值得关注的一个重要课题。
地源热泵空调系统利用大地作为冷热源,通过中间介质在埋设于地下的封闭环路中循环流动与大地进行热量交换,进而由热泵实现对建筑物的温湿度调节。与传统空调方式相比,地源热泵空调系统利用可再生能源,具有节能和环保的特点,近年来一些学者对地源热泵在地铁工程中的应用进行了初步的探讨。然而地铁车站空调系统大多为夏季单季节运行,冬季无需供热,这使得地源热泵系统在地铁工程应用中不能充分发挥其效应。针对这一问题,本文提出了应用一套土壤源热泵系统夏季为地铁车站提供冷量,冬季为附近建筑提供热量的系统方案,并结合工程实例进行设计计算,得出一个标准地下车站的冷负荷所能匹配供热面积的计算方法。借助Trnsys软件对系统进行模拟,确定方案可行,同时对地源热泵系统方案和常规空调系统方案进行了能耗和经济性的分析,为地源热泵地铁环控的系统设计和运营提供参考。
As a main public transportation means for its efficiency in improving the traffic condition, subway will be developed rapidly in the future two or three decades in our country. The subway transportation elevates year by year, the train number and speed is gradually improved, the energy of the environmental control system of subway therefore increases year by year. But because of more and more serious of oil problem. every social aspect think it important to make efficient use of energy and save energy. The control of subway environmental systems is becoming more and more important in the subway engineering, The energy of the environmental control system of subway takes great proportion of the energy of subway. It is very important for decreasing the running charge to save it and attracts corporation and design department attention. So how to optimize the design of subway environmental control system and decrease its operating cost is an important topic worthy of concern。
Ground source heat pump(GSHP)air conditioning systems utilize ground soil as a heat source/sink, achieve heat transfer between the ground soil and a working fluid(water or antifreeze solution)circulating in a closed loop buried in the ground. Compared to other conventional alternatives, the ground source heat pump system makes full use of renewable energy, and beasts the features of protecting the environment and reducing electric power consumption. In recent years, some research have been taken to discuss the application of ground source heat pump in the control of subway environmental systems。However, the conditioning system of subway stations mostly operates only in summer, as heating is unnecessary in a winter subway station. This results in the inefficiency of ground source heat pump in subway engineering appliance. To solve this problem, the thesis advances a system solution by the use of a set of ground source heat pump system. Combined with calculations by the reference of practical engineering cases, this system covers cold energy supply to subway station in summer and caloric supply to neighborhood architectures in winter. The thesis is concluded by the calculation method of heating area which matches the cooling load in standard subway stations. Trnsys software is applied to simulate the annual load, which proves the feasibility of the system solution. At the same time, an operating cost compurgation between using ground source heat pump technology and other programs has been taken, and author give some advices on the application of ground source heat pump in the control of subway environmental systems。
地源热泵空调系统利用大地作为冷热源,通过中间介质在埋设于地下的封闭环路中循环流动与大地进行热量交换,进而由热泵实现对建筑物的温湿度调节。与传统空调方式相比,地源热泵空调系统利用可再生能源,具有节能和环保的特点,近年来一些学者对地源热泵在地铁工程中的应用进行了初步的探讨。然而地铁车站空调系统大多为夏季单季节运行,冬季无需供热,这使得地源热泵系统在地铁工程应用中不能充分发挥其效应。针对这一问题,本文提出了应用一套土壤源热泵系统夏季为地铁车站提供冷量,冬季为附近建筑提供热量的系统方案,并结合工程实例进行设计计算,得出一个标准地下车站的冷负荷所能匹配供热面积的计算方法。借助Trnsys软件对系统进行模拟,确定方案可行,同时对地源热泵系统方案和常规空调系统方案进行了能耗和经济性的分析,为地源热泵地铁环控的系统设计和运营提供参考。
As a main public transportation means for its efficiency in improving the traffic condition, subway will be developed rapidly in the future two or three decades in our country. The subway transportation elevates year by year, the train number and speed is gradually improved, the energy of the environmental control system of subway therefore increases year by year. But because of more and more serious of oil problem. every social aspect think it important to make efficient use of energy and save energy. The control of subway environmental systems is becoming more and more important in the subway engineering, The energy of the environmental control system of subway takes great proportion of the energy of subway. It is very important for decreasing the running charge to save it and attracts corporation and design department attention. So how to optimize the design of subway environmental control system and decrease its operating cost is an important topic worthy of concern。
Ground source heat pump(GSHP)air conditioning systems utilize ground soil as a heat source/sink, achieve heat transfer between the ground soil and a working fluid(water or antifreeze solution)circulating in a closed loop buried in the ground. Compared to other conventional alternatives, the ground source heat pump system makes full use of renewable energy, and beasts the features of protecting the environment and reducing electric power consumption. In recent years, some research have been taken to discuss the application of ground source heat pump in the control of subway environmental systems。However, the conditioning system of subway stations mostly operates only in summer, as heating is unnecessary in a winter subway station. This results in the inefficiency of ground source heat pump in subway engineering appliance. To solve this problem, the thesis advances a system solution by the use of a set of ground source heat pump system. Combined with calculations by the reference of practical engineering cases, this system covers cold energy supply to subway station in summer and caloric supply to neighborhood architectures in winter. The thesis is concluded by the calculation method of heating area which matches the cooling load in standard subway stations. Trnsys software is applied to simulate the annual load, which proves the feasibility of the system solution. At the same time, an operating cost compurgation between using ground source heat pump technology and other programs has been taken, and author give some advices on the application of ground source heat pump in the control of subway environmental systems。
引文
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[3]冯炼.地铁网络系统环境控制模拟研究：[博士学位论文].成都：西南交通大学,2001
[4]赵海峰.城市地铁工程地铁车辆配属辆数计算的探讨.都市快轨交通,2000,6(1)：45-46
[5]王峰.地铁通风空调系统变频节能研究：[硕士学位论文].成都：西南交通大学,2007
[6]A vady, J Brown. Influence of seepage water on tunnel heat loads. Proceedings of 11th International Symposium on the Aerodynamic and Ventilation of Vehicle Tunnels: 611～630
[7]茂又弘道,津田帮彦.地铁内的发热及热负荷计算.隧道译丛,1993,18(8)：1-25
[8]Shih-Cheng Hu, Jen-Ho Lee. Influence of platform screen doors Oil energy consumption of the environment control system of a mass rapid transit system:case study of the Taipei MRT system. Energy Conversion and Management Volume 45, Issue 5, March 2004:639～650
[9]Ming-Tsun Ke, Tsung-Che Cheng, Wen-Por Wang. Numerical simulation for optimizing the design of subway environmental control system. Building and Environment, 2002.37:1139～1152
[10]朱颖心,秦绪忠,江亿.站台屏蔽门在地铁热环境控制中的经济性分析.建筑科学,1997,13(4)：42-46
[11]朱培根,朱颖心,李晓峰.地铁环控模拟与分析.地下空间,2004,24(2)：161-165
[12]冯炼.地铁屏蔽门的环境控制效果研究.西南交通大学学报,2002,37(2)：154-157
[13]黄美荣.地铁中长期环境的数值模拟.[硕士学位论文].成都：西南交通大学,1997
[14]王丽慧,吴喜平,黄建林.地铁车站环控温度场的研究.制冷空调,2007,28(1)：30-3
[15]王丽慧,吴喜平.地铁活塞风对车站环控速度场的影响.地下空间与工程学报, 2007,3(1)：161-166
[16]沈翔,吴喜平,董志周.地铁活塞风特性的测试研究.暖通空调,2005,25(3)：103-106
[17]那艳玲.地铁车站通风与火灾的CFD仿真模拟与实验研究.[博士学位论文].天津：天津大学,2003
[18]ASHRAE. ASHRAE 2000 HVAC System and Equipments. ASHRAE, Atlanta, Ca, 2000
[19]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局、中华人民共和国建设部.GB50366-2005.地源热泵系统工程技术规范.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[20]ASHRAE. ASHRAE Handbook 2007. Atlanta, GA:ASHRAE, Inc,2007
[21]刘冬升.地源热泵实验台及同轴套管换热器传热模型研究[博士学位论文].长春：吉林大学.2005
[22]张佩芳,袁寿其.地源热泵的特点及其在长江流域应用前景.流体机械,2003,31(2)：1-10
[23]高青,于鸣.效率高、环保交通好的供热制冷装置——地源热泵的开发与利用.吉林工业大学自然科学学报,2001,31(2)：96-102
[24]万仁里.谈地源热泵.建筑热泵通风空调,2002(1)：46-47
[25]寿青云,陈汝东.高效节能空调—地源热泵.节能,2001(1)：41-45
[26]刘冬生,孙友宏.浅层地能利用新技术——地源热泵技术.岩土工程技术,2003(1)：57-59
[27]孙友宏,胡克,庄迎春等.岩土钻掘工程应用的又一新领域——地源热泵技术.岩土钻掘工程,2002,(增刊)：7-12
[28]丁力行,陈季芬,彭梦珑.土壤源热泵垂直单埋管换热性能影响因素研究.流体机械,2002,30(3)：47-49
[29]D. A. Ball, R. D. Fischer, D. L. Hodgett. Design methods for ground-source heat pumps. ASHRAE Transactions,1983,89(part 2B):416～440
[30]O. J. Svec, L. E. Goodrich, J. H. L. Palmer Heat transfer characteristics of in-ground heat exchangers. Energy Research,1983,7(3):265～278
[31]郑祖义.热泵空调的设计与创新.武汉：华中理工大学出版社,1994
[32]IGSHPA. History about us. http://www.igshpa.okstate.edu/about/about us.htm.
[33]Bloomquist R.G. Geothermal heat pumps, four plus decades of experience. GHC Quarterly Bulletin,1999,20(4):13～18
[34]Wikipedia. Commonwealth Building (Portland, Oregon). http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Commonwealth_Building_(Portland,_Oregon)
[35]Dinse D.R. Geothermal systems for school. ASHRAE Journal,1997(5)
[36]Lund J, Sanner B, et al. Geothermal (Ground Source) Heat Pumps, A World Overview. GHC Quarterly Bulletin,2004,25(3):1～10
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