弱凝胶驱油技术研究
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摘要
弱凝胶驱油技术是在聚合物驱技术和凝胶堵水技术基础上发展起来的一项提高采收率新技术，由于其在驱油的同时还具有调剖的作用，可解决油层垂直和平面矛盾，近年越来越受到研究人员的广泛关注。目前国内外许多学者也致力于这方面的研究，取得了不少成果，但该技术仍有许多问题未得到很好的解决，如交联引发及控制因素、弱凝胶的表征和描述测量、弱凝胶的结构、弱凝胶处理对油藏流体渗流机理的影响和调驱作用的发生条件、如何防止调驱剂对非目的层的伤害等，这些问题限制着弱凝胶驱油技术的推广应用。为了解决上述问题，充分发挥弱凝胶驱油技术的优势，本文对弱凝胶驱油技术进行了系统研究。
弱凝胶指使用接近于聚合物驱浓度的聚合物，加入少量延缓型交联剂，使之形成主要以分子间交联为主，分子内交联为辅的凝胶体系。因此通过广泛调研和大量实验，本文首先筛选出适合深部弱凝胶调驱的聚合物主剂，合成出延缓型有机铬交联剂，在此基础上选择适当的稳定剂，通过合适的比例复合得到了深部调驱弱凝胶体系。然后系统研究了交联聚合物体系的基本性质，在此基础上研究双河现场污水和下二门现场污水对成胶反应的影响，探讨了各种影响弱凝胶性能的因素。
本文对弱凝胶的成胶机理进行了探讨，采用原子力显微镜和环境扫描电镜等测试手段以纳米技术表征了不同弱凝胶类型的胶团结构，分析了凝胶强度与胶团结构的关系，认识了凝胶的微观结构，为弱凝胶的流变行为预测建立了基础。
通过流变学实验分析了不同交联比条件下交联聚合物弱凝胶的粘弹性变化和弱凝胶反应过程中粘弹性的变化，建立了弱凝胶体系的本构方程，提出了有物理意义的参数。针对弱凝胶的特点，建立了一套评价弱凝胶强度、性能的技术方法和测试标准。通过岩心流动实验和数据拟合，直观反映了弱凝胶的注入性、选择性、剖面改善程度等性能，建立了粘弹性模量与残余阻力系数和渗透率的数学关系，为数模优化提供了基础参数。
此外，论文对调驱作用发生条件及弱凝胶有效进入目的层技术进行了研究，探讨了弱凝胶对油水相渗透率变化影响机理，结果表明凝胶处理含油多孔介质使油／水相相对渗透率均大幅度下降，可动饱和度范围明显缩小，弱凝胶的易屈服性导致多孔介质中不同流体的渗透率均随流速的增加而上升；在此基础上分析了凝胶处理使油／水相对渗透率产生不均衡减少的原因。
河南油田矿场实验结果表明弱凝胶注入后，注水井的吸水剖面有所调整，综合
含水得到控制，起到了稳油控水的目的;与聚合物驱相比，采用有机交联弱凝胶驱
可大幅降低生产成本。
关健词:弱凝胶滚合物交联剂提商采收率驭油矿场实脸
The weak gel flooding technology is developed on the basic of the polymer flooding and the gel water shut-off technology, and due to its profile modification action besides the oil displacement action and which can solve the contradiction between the uprightness and the plane, so which have been paid attention to widely more and more by researcher in recent years. Now, many scholar at home and abroad take up with this study too and have acquired respectable fruits, but there are still many problems unsolved, such as the cross linking and the controlling factor, the characterize and the describing and the measurement of the weak gel, the structure of the weak gel, the gel treatment how to influence the seepage mechanism of the fluid in the petroleum pool and the conditions of the weak gel flooding occurred, and how to prevent the weak gel damage the non-objective stratum and so on, which limit the weak gel flooding to be extended and applied. In order to solve above problems and make full advantage of the weal gel flooding technology, this paper studied this technology systematically.The weak gel is that a few retarding type cross linker is added into the polymer, which the concentration is close to the polymer flooding, and make the polymer be formed the gel system of which the intermolecular cross linking is mostly and the intramolecular cross linking is secondary. So, through widely surveying and a great deal experiments, this paper firstly screened out the polymer host agent which is suited to the weak gel flooding in deep stratum and composed the retarding type organic chromium cross linking agent, and on the basic of that to select the proper stabilizing agent, and compounded with a proper ration to get the deep flooding modification weak gel system. Then, this paper studied systematically the basic property of the cross linking polymer system, on the basic o f which studied the infection of the Shuang He and Xia Er Men locale waste water to the cross linking reaction and discussed all sorts of infection factor of the weak gel property.This paper discussed the cross linking mechanism and used micromillimeter technic to characterize the gel lump structure of the different weak gel types by the atomic force microscope , environment SEM and other means, and analyzed the relation between the gel strength and the gel lump structure and recognized the gel microstructure, and established the foundation for the rheological behaviour of the weak gel forecasting.
Through the rheology experiment, this paper analyzed viscoelasticity variation of the cross linking polymer weak gel in different cross linking ration and during the cross linking reaction, and established the constitution equation of the weak gel system, and put forward to the parameter having the physical meaning. Aiming at the characteristic of the weak gel, this paper established a suit of technical method and test criteria to evaluate the strength and the performance of the weak gel. Through the rock core flowing experiment and the data matching, it visually reflected the injectivity, the selectivity , the profile improved degree and other performance of the weak gel, and established the mathematic relation for the viscoelastic modulus, residual resistance factor and permeability, and offered the basal parameter for the numerical model optimized.Moreover, this paper studied the condition of the flooding action occurred and the technology of the weak gel effectively entering into the objective stratum, and discussed the infection mechanism of the weak gel to the permeability rate variation of the oil and water phase. The results indicate that using the weak gel to treat the oil-bearing porous medium will cause the relative permeability of the oil/water phase to be reduced greatly, and the movable saturation scope to be decreased obviously, and the permeability of the different fluids in the porous medium to be increased with the velocity of flow increasing because of the weak gel easily bended performance. Based on above, this paper analyzed the reason that th
弱凝胶指使用接近于聚合物驱浓度的聚合物，加入少量延缓型交联剂，使之形成主要以分子间交联为主，分子内交联为辅的凝胶体系。因此通过广泛调研和大量实验，本文首先筛选出适合深部弱凝胶调驱的聚合物主剂，合成出延缓型有机铬交联剂，在此基础上选择适当的稳定剂，通过合适的比例复合得到了深部调驱弱凝胶体系。然后系统研究了交联聚合物体系的基本性质，在此基础上研究双河现场污水和下二门现场污水对成胶反应的影响，探讨了各种影响弱凝胶性能的因素。
本文对弱凝胶的成胶机理进行了探讨，采用原子力显微镜和环境扫描电镜等测试手段以纳米技术表征了不同弱凝胶类型的胶团结构，分析了凝胶强度与胶团结构的关系，认识了凝胶的微观结构，为弱凝胶的流变行为预测建立了基础。
通过流变学实验分析了不同交联比条件下交联聚合物弱凝胶的粘弹性变化和弱凝胶反应过程中粘弹性的变化，建立了弱凝胶体系的本构方程，提出了有物理意义的参数。针对弱凝胶的特点，建立了一套评价弱凝胶强度、性能的技术方法和测试标准。通过岩心流动实验和数据拟合，直观反映了弱凝胶的注入性、选择性、剖面改善程度等性能，建立了粘弹性模量与残余阻力系数和渗透率的数学关系，为数模优化提供了基础参数。
此外，论文对调驱作用发生条件及弱凝胶有效进入目的层技术进行了研究，探讨了弱凝胶对油水相渗透率变化影响机理，结果表明凝胶处理含油多孔介质使油／水相相对渗透率均大幅度下降，可动饱和度范围明显缩小，弱凝胶的易屈服性导致多孔介质中不同流体的渗透率均随流速的增加而上升；在此基础上分析了凝胶处理使油／水相对渗透率产生不均衡减少的原因。
河南油田矿场实验结果表明弱凝胶注入后，注水井的吸水剖面有所调整，综合
含水得到控制，起到了稳油控水的目的;与聚合物驱相比，采用有机交联弱凝胶驱
可大幅降低生产成本。
关健词:弱凝胶滚合物交联剂提商采收率驭油矿场实脸
The weak gel flooding technology is developed on the basic of the polymer flooding and the gel water shut-off technology, and due to its profile modification action besides the oil displacement action and which can solve the contradiction between the uprightness and the plane, so which have been paid attention to widely more and more by researcher in recent years. Now, many scholar at home and abroad take up with this study too and have acquired respectable fruits, but there are still many problems unsolved, such as the cross linking and the controlling factor, the characterize and the describing and the measurement of the weak gel, the structure of the weak gel, the gel treatment how to influence the seepage mechanism of the fluid in the petroleum pool and the conditions of the weak gel flooding occurred, and how to prevent the weak gel damage the non-objective stratum and so on, which limit the weak gel flooding to be extended and applied. In order to solve above problems and make full advantage of the weal gel flooding technology, this paper studied this technology systematically.The weak gel is that a few retarding type cross linker is added into the polymer, which the concentration is close to the polymer flooding, and make the polymer be formed the gel system of which the intermolecular cross linking is mostly and the intramolecular cross linking is secondary. So, through widely surveying and a great deal experiments, this paper firstly screened out the polymer host agent which is suited to the weak gel flooding in deep stratum and composed the retarding type organic chromium cross linking agent, and on the basic of that to select the proper stabilizing agent, and compounded with a proper ration to get the deep flooding modification weak gel system. Then, this paper studied systematically the basic property of the cross linking polymer system, on the basic o f which studied the infection of the Shuang He and Xia Er Men locale waste water to the cross linking reaction and discussed all sorts of infection factor of the weak gel property.This paper discussed the cross linking mechanism and used micromillimeter technic to characterize the gel lump structure of the different weak gel types by the atomic force microscope , environment SEM and other means, and analyzed the relation between the gel strength and the gel lump structure and recognized the gel microstructure, and established the foundation for the rheological behaviour of the weak gel forecasting.
Through the rheology experiment, this paper analyzed viscoelasticity variation of the cross linking polymer weak gel in different cross linking ration and during the cross linking reaction, and established the constitution equation of the weak gel system, and put forward to the parameter having the physical meaning. Aiming at the characteristic of the weak gel, this paper established a suit of technical method and test criteria to evaluate the strength and the performance of the weak gel. Through the rock core flowing experiment and the data matching, it visually reflected the injectivity, the selectivity , the profile improved degree and other performance of the weak gel, and established the mathematic relation for the viscoelastic modulus, residual resistance factor and permeability, and offered the basal parameter for the numerical model optimized.Moreover, this paper studied the condition of the flooding action occurred and the technology of the weak gel effectively entering into the objective stratum, and discussed the infection mechanism of the weak gel to the permeability rate variation of the oil and water phase. The results indicate that using the weak gel to treat the oil-bearing porous medium will cause the relative permeability of the oil/water phase to be reduced greatly, and the movable saturation scope to be decreased obviously, and the permeability of the different fluids in the porous medium to be increased with the velocity of flow increasing because of the weak gel easily bended performance. Based on above, this paper analyzed the reason that th
引文
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