岩坝地区铀矿找矿方向研究
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摘要
铀是稀有的放射性金属元素,核裂变时能产生巨大能量,是极其重要的战略资源,在地壳中的平均含量仅为百万分之二,其形成可利用的工业矿床的几率较小。要在方圆数百公里的范围内寻找铀矿靶区,无异于大海捞针。核能已成为人类使用的重要能源,核电是电力工业的重要组成部分。在未来十几年内,我国将会建设20多座核电机组,中国核电面临大发展的良好机遇。在核电大发展的今天,铀资源的重要性日益凸显。中国是铀矿资源不甚丰富的一个国家。据近年我国向国际原子能机构陆续提供的一批铀矿田的储量推算,我国铀矿探明储量,不能适应发展核电的长远需要。铀矿资源不足的问题,正在成为我国核电发展的潜在制约因素。
岩坝测区位于康滇地轴中南段的东北端。康滇地轴是我国前寒武系老地层出露最集中的地区。前寒武系老地层区产有世界上品位富、规模最大的铀矿床,一直是国际上铀矿勘查的主攻方向。康滇地轴位于扬子准地台西部边缘,与松潘—甘孜褶皱系相邻,地壳活动频繁、断裂构造发育、岩浆活动强烈。康滇地轴是有利的铀成矿地球化学区域,其铀资源前景一直受到国内外的关注。但是由于受交通、自然经济、技术力量、技术手段、技术装备等条件的限制,康滇地轴铀矿始终未能突破,总体工作程度不高,认识不够深入。因此,该区有待于重新认识,进一步开展工作。
本论文主要是在系统收集前人完成地质、物探等资料的基础上,进行地面伽玛能谱详查,我们收集了553个点的数据资料,同时还在不同地层中采集了28个地质样品。采集地质样品原则是:1铀、钍、钾含量偏高的地层;2不同的岩性;3铁、铜、铅、锌等其它金属矿点或矿化点上。我们用mapgis软件进行了核数据处理,依据《EJ363-89地面伽玛能谱测量规范》,得到了测区内铀、钍、钾含量和钍铀比的等值图。对样品进行了中子活化分析和铀镭平衡状况研究。
论文以这些数据资料和地质资料为依托,进一步研究岩坝测区铀矿找矿方向。“康滇地轴”以其地质构造复杂、矿产资源丰富、工作程度较深而闻名于世。“康滇地轴”的铀矿地质工作已有3O余年历史,其成果在发展,认识在深化。康滇地轴不仅是全国多金属成矿带之一,而且也是铀矿化类型多样的地区,据初步统计,区内共发现铀矿点11个,矿化点55个。铀矿化类型主要有火山岩型、花岗岩型、碳硅泥岩型、砂岩型、变质岩型、碱性岩型、磷块岩型,是西南地区铀矿类型的缩影。
就整个康滇地轴中南段而言,至今没有典型的铀矿床可供研究。因此对研究区有利的铀矿化类型的分析仅根据区域资料和少量的铀矿化异常点进行,可靠性受到了一定的限制。论文对岩坝地区铀矿找矿方向,得出了如下及结论:
1区域中并未发现有价值的铀元素异常点。通过对偏高场的研究,我们发现区域中铀元素分布与新老地层没有明显的关系。测区中出露少部分澄江组砂岩,测量时未见异常。但澄江砂岩中铀矿化也是砂岩型铀矿床中最老的层位之一。测区内构造简单,铀偏高场主要位于构造上盘。不同的岩石中的放射性核素含量有明显差异。锅铅岩处产于碳质板岩中的铀异常是康滇地轴铀矿找矿标志之一。由于碳元素的吸附作用,碳质板岩中铀元素含量较高。
2“康滇地轴”总体的铀钍地球化学场是铀低、钍高、铀钍混合占有相当比重,但本地区的某些层位铀含量分别为9.6~18.5ppm和6~l6.8ppm,铀钍比值分别为2.91和4.5~1.5,是铀矿化的有利地段。
3区域中铀元素含量与铁元素有正向的伴生关系。同时,铀、金、铜在一定的区域或构造层位中伴生或共生,也是康滇地轴常见的一种成矿模式。
Uranium is a kind of radioactive metallic element, Nuclear fission can produce tremendous energy,so uranium is extremely important strategic resources. in the earth's crust,there is less uranium.It is very difficult to search for uranium.nowadays, nuclear energy become very important in daily life.In the next years, China will be building more than 20 nuclear power units. the large-scale development of nuclear power in China is facing a good opportunity. uranium resources is not rich in China,which can not adapt to the needs of the long-term development of nuclear power.The shortage of uranium resources is becoming the potential factors,which constraints development of nuclear power.
Yanba is located in the north-east side of Kangdian middle-south axis.pre-Cambrian stratigraphic, which is the main direction of the international uranium exploration, own the richest and largest uranium deposit in the world.
Kangdian axis lie on the western edge of Quasi-Yangtze platform, Here is characterized by Crustal activity,development faults and strong magmatic activity ,where is the favorable region for the formation of uranium deposits,and its prospects for uranium resources has been concerned by both at home and abroad. Because of various conditions, Kangdian axis’s uranium has not been able to break through.
For target region,on basis of the information collected,we did the ground gamma-ray spectrometry. In this procession, we collected 553 data points and 28 geological samples ,which is from different strata. these samples are processed by activation analysis and uranium-radium equilibrium.
Based on these geological data, we discuss the Search direction of uranium. Kangdian axis is well known as complex geological structure, rich mineral resources, and deep extent of the work.the work for "Kangdian axis"has been lasted more than 3O years, which has been achieved much.and here is the multi-metal metallogenic belt.
The middle-south of Kangdian axis does not have a typical uranium deposits . Papers reached the following conclusions:
1.there is not valuable elements.according to the research,we found that there is no obvious relationship between the strata and uranium. Regional tectonic is simple, different radionuclides in the rocks have significant differences in content. Carbonaceous slate has a high level of uranium.
2.In the region the content of Uranium is poor. Thorium is much more abundant in nature than uranium.but in some place, thorium than uranium is less,wherw is favorable uranium -forming
3.In yanba area, uranium and iron are associated with positive relations. In certain regions or places, Uranium, gold and copper are associated,which is the common metallogenic model of Kangdian axis
岩坝测区位于康滇地轴中南段的东北端。康滇地轴是我国前寒武系老地层出露最集中的地区。前寒武系老地层区产有世界上品位富、规模最大的铀矿床,一直是国际上铀矿勘查的主攻方向。康滇地轴位于扬子准地台西部边缘,与松潘—甘孜褶皱系相邻,地壳活动频繁、断裂构造发育、岩浆活动强烈。康滇地轴是有利的铀成矿地球化学区域,其铀资源前景一直受到国内外的关注。但是由于受交通、自然经济、技术力量、技术手段、技术装备等条件的限制,康滇地轴铀矿始终未能突破,总体工作程度不高,认识不够深入。因此,该区有待于重新认识,进一步开展工作。
本论文主要是在系统收集前人完成地质、物探等资料的基础上,进行地面伽玛能谱详查,我们收集了553个点的数据资料,同时还在不同地层中采集了28个地质样品。采集地质样品原则是:1铀、钍、钾含量偏高的地层;2不同的岩性;3铁、铜、铅、锌等其它金属矿点或矿化点上。我们用mapgis软件进行了核数据处理,依据《EJ363-89地面伽玛能谱测量规范》,得到了测区内铀、钍、钾含量和钍铀比的等值图。对样品进行了中子活化分析和铀镭平衡状况研究。
论文以这些数据资料和地质资料为依托,进一步研究岩坝测区铀矿找矿方向。“康滇地轴”以其地质构造复杂、矿产资源丰富、工作程度较深而闻名于世。“康滇地轴”的铀矿地质工作已有3O余年历史,其成果在发展,认识在深化。康滇地轴不仅是全国多金属成矿带之一,而且也是铀矿化类型多样的地区,据初步统计,区内共发现铀矿点11个,矿化点55个。铀矿化类型主要有火山岩型、花岗岩型、碳硅泥岩型、砂岩型、变质岩型、碱性岩型、磷块岩型,是西南地区铀矿类型的缩影。
就整个康滇地轴中南段而言,至今没有典型的铀矿床可供研究。因此对研究区有利的铀矿化类型的分析仅根据区域资料和少量的铀矿化异常点进行,可靠性受到了一定的限制。论文对岩坝地区铀矿找矿方向,得出了如下及结论:
1区域中并未发现有价值的铀元素异常点。通过对偏高场的研究,我们发现区域中铀元素分布与新老地层没有明显的关系。测区中出露少部分澄江组砂岩,测量时未见异常。但澄江砂岩中铀矿化也是砂岩型铀矿床中最老的层位之一。测区内构造简单,铀偏高场主要位于构造上盘。不同的岩石中的放射性核素含量有明显差异。锅铅岩处产于碳质板岩中的铀异常是康滇地轴铀矿找矿标志之一。由于碳元素的吸附作用,碳质板岩中铀元素含量较高。
2“康滇地轴”总体的铀钍地球化学场是铀低、钍高、铀钍混合占有相当比重,但本地区的某些层位铀含量分别为9.6~18.5ppm和6~l6.8ppm,铀钍比值分别为2.91和4.5~1.5,是铀矿化的有利地段。
3区域中铀元素含量与铁元素有正向的伴生关系。同时,铀、金、铜在一定的区域或构造层位中伴生或共生,也是康滇地轴常见的一种成矿模式。
Uranium is a kind of radioactive metallic element, Nuclear fission can produce tremendous energy,so uranium is extremely important strategic resources. in the earth's crust,there is less uranium.It is very difficult to search for uranium.nowadays, nuclear energy become very important in daily life.In the next years, China will be building more than 20 nuclear power units. the large-scale development of nuclear power in China is facing a good opportunity. uranium resources is not rich in China,which can not adapt to the needs of the long-term development of nuclear power.The shortage of uranium resources is becoming the potential factors,which constraints development of nuclear power.
Yanba is located in the north-east side of Kangdian middle-south axis.pre-Cambrian stratigraphic, which is the main direction of the international uranium exploration, own the richest and largest uranium deposit in the world.
Kangdian axis lie on the western edge of Quasi-Yangtze platform, Here is characterized by Crustal activity,development faults and strong magmatic activity ,where is the favorable region for the formation of uranium deposits,and its prospects for uranium resources has been concerned by both at home and abroad. Because of various conditions, Kangdian axis’s uranium has not been able to break through.
For target region,on basis of the information collected,we did the ground gamma-ray spectrometry. In this procession, we collected 553 data points and 28 geological samples ,which is from different strata. these samples are processed by activation analysis and uranium-radium equilibrium.
Based on these geological data, we discuss the Search direction of uranium. Kangdian axis is well known as complex geological structure, rich mineral resources, and deep extent of the work.the work for "Kangdian axis"has been lasted more than 3O years, which has been achieved much.and here is the multi-metal metallogenic belt.
The middle-south of Kangdian axis does not have a typical uranium deposits . Papers reached the following conclusions:
1.there is not valuable elements.according to the research,we found that there is no obvious relationship between the strata and uranium. Regional tectonic is simple, different radionuclides in the rocks have significant differences in content. Carbonaceous slate has a high level of uranium.
2.In the region the content of Uranium is poor. Thorium is much more abundant in nature than uranium.but in some place, thorium than uranium is less,wherw is favorable uranium -forming
3.In yanba area, uranium and iron are associated with positive relations. In certain regions or places, Uranium, gold and copper are associated,which is the common metallogenic model of Kangdian axis
引文
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[2]王兴无,世界核电对铀的需求预期[J],世界核地质科学,2005(04):210
[3]张建国、孟晋,世界铀资源、生产、供应与需求的新动态[J],铀矿冶,2006 (01):21-29
[4]伍浩松,2007年全球铀矿开采概况[J],国外核新闻,2008(08):4-26
[5]戴杰敏、朱西养,寄希望于康滇地轴——康滇地轴铀矿远景评价研讨会报道[J],铀矿地质,1992(03):130-155
[6]李巨初等,康滇地轴中南段铀(金、铜)成矿条件研究[M],成都理工学院,1994
[7]李复汉等,康滇地区前震且系[M],科学出版杜,1988
[8]周铭魁,西昌-滇中地区地质构造特征及演化史[M],重庆出版牡,1988
[9]康滇地轴中南段铀矿找矿方向研究科研课题,四川省会东县岩坝地区地面伽玛能谱测量成果报告,内部参考资料,2007
[10]石玉春、吴燕玉,放射性物探[M],原子能出版社,1986
[11]北京第三研究所编著,野外γ能谱测量[M],原子能出版社,1977
[12]章晔、华荣洲、石柏慎,放射性方法勘查[M],原子能出版社,1990
[13]巴兰诺夫В.И.苏,放射性测量参考手册[M],地质出版社,1959
[14]中国核工业总公司,地面γ能谱测量规范,中华人民共和国核行业标准EJ/T 363-1998
[15]柴之芳,活化分析基础[M],原子能出版社,1982
[16]何莉莉、侯新生,四川某金矿中黄铁矿样品的中子活化分析,2008(5):40-41
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