基于LabVIEW和单片机的切削温度虚拟仪器的研究
摘要
目前,硬切削加工技术已引起世界范围内制造业和科研机构的高度重视和极大兴趣,但就硬切削的切削机理、选择合适的刀具和切削参数等仍存在一些值得研究的问题。本文针对硬切削切削机理研究的需要,结合现代测试技术的发展方向,开发了用于硬切削过程中切削温度在线测量的虚拟仪器。
切削温度虚拟仪器主要由硬件和软件组成。其硬件主要包含K型热电偶传感器和P87LPC768型单片机。硬件系统选择K型热电偶作为温度传感器,将测得的温度信号转化为电信号,热电偶的冷端补偿由AD590温度传感器完成。测得的电压信号经过放大、滤波、A/D转化后,由单片机完成温度数据的采集,并通过串口发送给计算机。
切削温度虚拟仪器的软件系统基于LabVIEW平台开发。该软件由三个模块:数据采集模块、数据查询分析模块和正交试验模块。数据采集模块的主要功能是调用VISA串口程序读取单片机上传的采样数据,标定后将对应的温度值在前面板上实时显示;在数据查询分析模块中,建立切削温度数据库,利用LabSQL将切削试验参数和采集到的温度数据保存到数据库中,通过输入查询条件进行数据查询并可以对两个相关数据进行比较分析;正交试验模块针对金属切削试验中常用的正交试验方法,在确定试验因素及其水平后,程序引导切削试验的进行,并提示每次正交试验的参数,完成整个正交试验后自动生成正交试验表,输入某个因素,则生成切削温度与该因素的关系曲线,用以分析在其他因素确定的条件下,该因素的变化对切削温度的影响趋势。
本文开发的切削温度虚拟仪器可用于研究金属切削试验中切削温度的影响因素以及在实际生产中以切削温度作为重要指标的切削参数优化,因而具有一定的现实意义。
Today,Hard Turning was taken more and more attention and interesting in the manufacturing domain in the world, but the mechanism and how to select the tools and parameters of the Hard Turning were worth researching. This paper was aimed at the need of research on mechanism of Hard Turning, and with the later technology of the testing, developed an Virtual Instrument which can be used to measure the cutting temperature in Hard Turning.
The Virtual Instrument was composed of two parts—the hard ware and the soft ware. The hard ware included the type K thermocouple and Single-Chip computer P87LPC768. The thermocouple was sensor, which change temperature single to electric single, and the temperature sensor AD590 was used to cold junction compensation of the thermocouple. The electric single was acquired by the MCU after amplifier, the filter and A/D converter and then was sent to computer.
The soft ware was based on LabVIEW, which was composed of three modules. The first was data acquisition, it invoked the VISA to read the data and then display in the Front Panel in time after calibration; in the data query and analysis module, a temperature database was found, and with the help of LabSQL the data of parameters and temperature were saved to the database, when input one query parameter,the data matched the condition were displayed in the result table, and two data can be compared by curve; the orthogonal experiment module was based on the orthogonal experiment method, when import the elements and their levels, the program can lead the experiment and give a dialog box before experiment which include the cutting parameters, when the whole experiment was completed, the result of orthogonal experiment was displayed in table, and if import one of the elements, a graph of the relationship between of the element and the temperature was given on the Front Panel, which can be used to analyze the influence to the cutting temperature by the element.
The virtual instrument in this paper can be used to the research of the influence of cutting temperature and the optimum of cutting parameter when the cutting temperature was the criteria。
切削温度虚拟仪器主要由硬件和软件组成。其硬件主要包含K型热电偶传感器和P87LPC768型单片机。硬件系统选择K型热电偶作为温度传感器,将测得的温度信号转化为电信号,热电偶的冷端补偿由AD590温度传感器完成。测得的电压信号经过放大、滤波、A/D转化后,由单片机完成温度数据的采集,并通过串口发送给计算机。
切削温度虚拟仪器的软件系统基于LabVIEW平台开发。该软件由三个模块:数据采集模块、数据查询分析模块和正交试验模块。数据采集模块的主要功能是调用VISA串口程序读取单片机上传的采样数据,标定后将对应的温度值在前面板上实时显示;在数据查询分析模块中,建立切削温度数据库,利用LabSQL将切削试验参数和采集到的温度数据保存到数据库中,通过输入查询条件进行数据查询并可以对两个相关数据进行比较分析;正交试验模块针对金属切削试验中常用的正交试验方法,在确定试验因素及其水平后,程序引导切削试验的进行,并提示每次正交试验的参数,完成整个正交试验后自动生成正交试验表,输入某个因素,则生成切削温度与该因素的关系曲线,用以分析在其他因素确定的条件下,该因素的变化对切削温度的影响趋势。
本文开发的切削温度虚拟仪器可用于研究金属切削试验中切削温度的影响因素以及在实际生产中以切削温度作为重要指标的切削参数优化,因而具有一定的现实意义。
Today,Hard Turning was taken more and more attention and interesting in the manufacturing domain in the world, but the mechanism and how to select the tools and parameters of the Hard Turning were worth researching. This paper was aimed at the need of research on mechanism of Hard Turning, and with the later technology of the testing, developed an Virtual Instrument which can be used to measure the cutting temperature in Hard Turning.
The Virtual Instrument was composed of two parts—the hard ware and the soft ware. The hard ware included the type K thermocouple and Single-Chip computer P87LPC768. The thermocouple was sensor, which change temperature single to electric single, and the temperature sensor AD590 was used to cold junction compensation of the thermocouple. The electric single was acquired by the MCU after amplifier, the filter and A/D converter and then was sent to computer.
The soft ware was based on LabVIEW, which was composed of three modules. The first was data acquisition, it invoked the VISA to read the data and then display in the Front Panel in time after calibration; in the data query and analysis module, a temperature database was found, and with the help of LabSQL the data of parameters and temperature were saved to the database, when input one query parameter,the data matched the condition were displayed in the result table, and two data can be compared by curve; the orthogonal experiment module was based on the orthogonal experiment method, when import the elements and their levels, the program can lead the experiment and give a dialog box before experiment which include the cutting parameters, when the whole experiment was completed, the result of orthogonal experiment was displayed in table, and if import one of the elements, a graph of the relationship between of the element and the temperature was given on the Front Panel, which can be used to analyze the influence to the cutting temperature by the element.
The virtual instrument in this paper can be used to the research of the influence of cutting temperature and the optimum of cutting parameter when the cutting temperature was the criteria。
引文
[1]岳彩旭等.硬态切削技术[J],航空制造技术,2008,18:26～28
[2]郭丽君.硬态切削刀具的性能及选用[J],机械设计与制造,2007,7:105～106
[3]刘献礼等.硬态干式切削机理及技术研究综述[J],中国机械工程,2002, 13(11):973～976
[4]袁哲俊.金属切削实验技术[M],北京:机械工业出版社,1988:73～99
[5]R. Komanduri *, Z.B. Hou. A review of the experimental techniques for the measurement of heat and temperatures generated in some manufacturing processes and tribology[J],Tribology International,2001,34:653～682
[6]郑红梅,余宏涛.基于LabVIEW和单片机的切削温度数据采集系统[J],机床与液压,2008,36(B07):220～222
[7]刘志新,张大卫.基于夹丝热电偶的高速切削温度测量[J],组合机床与自动化加工技术,2006,4:59～61
[8]R C Dewes,A review of ultra-high speed milling of hardened steels[J], Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1997,69:1～17
[9]陈日耀.金属切削原理(第2版)[M],北京:机械工业出版社,1993:82～95
[10]徐静.新型化爆材料动态切削温度测试系统研发[D],硕士学位论文,大连理工大学:1～5
[11]阎海鹏.高速铣削铝合金切削温度的研究[D],硕士学位论文,南京理工大学:6~10
[12]全燕鸣,乐有树.采用自然热电偶法测量铣削温度[J],工具技术,2007,41(5):80～82
[13]何振威等.高速切削中切削温度研究方法[J],现代制造工程,2005,8:111～113
[14]陆剑中,孙家宁.金属切削原理与刀具(第4版)[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2005:104～109
[15]李涛,鲁世红.高速切削过程测温方法综述[J],机械设计与制造,2007,5:122~123
[16]Liu C R, Mittal S. Single-step Super Finishing Using Hard Machining Resulting in Superior Surface Integrity [J],International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, 2001, 14(2):129～133
[17]周德廉,邵国友编.现代测试技术与信号处理[M],北京:中国矿业大学出版社,2005:1～8
[18]秦树人主编.虚拟仪器[M],北京:中国计量出版社,2004:1～16
[19]柏林.虚拟仪器及其在机械测试中的应用[M],北京:科学出版社,2007:1～12
[20]刘君华主编.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器设计[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2003:1～7
[21]季韶红,盛立峰,侯天伟.虚拟仪器的构成与发展[J],吉林广播电视大学学报,2008,2:117～120
[22]袁渊,古军.虚拟仪器基础教程[M],西安:电子科技大学出版社,2000:1～7
[23]杨琪文.虚拟仪器在机械工程测试技术中的应用与开发研究[J],宁波职业技术学院学报,2008, 12(5):27～29
[24]张重雄.虚拟仪器技术分析与设计[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2007:1～9
[25]周红霞等.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器及串口通信的实现[J],石家庄职业技术学院学报,2007,19(4):17～19
[26]赵高毅.通用串行总线在虚拟仪器技术中的应用研究[J],遵义师范学院学报,2008,10(1):97～99
[27]杨乐平等编.虚拟仪器技术概论[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2003:1～8
[28]李培江,尤婷.基于LabVIEW的高校测控实验的开发[J],实验室科学,2008,2:72～74
[29]薛菲.现场总线热电偶温度检测装置的研制[D],硕士论文,武汉大学:35～37
[30]李莉双.多功能温度测量仪的研制[D],硕士论文,东北大学:9～11
[31]王魁汉.温度测量技术[M],沈阳:东北工学院出版社,1991:66~100
[32]余瑞芬主编.传感器原理(第2版)[M],北京:航空工业出版社,1995:250~266
[33]张锦霞.热电偶使用、维修与技术问答[M],北京:计量出版社,2000:20～26
[34]冯吉福等.PCBN刀具车削淬硬高速钢的切削力与温度研究[J],超硬材料工程,2007,19(4):16～20
[35]沈维善等编.热电偶分度手册[M],标准化研究室出版,1983 :20～21
[36]Ali Bastia*, Toshiyuhi Obikawa, Jun shinozukab.Tools with built-in film thermocouple sensor for monitoring cutting temperature[J], International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 2007,47:793～798
[37]董国钢.K型热电偶冷端补偿方法[J],科学之友,2008,3:3～4
[38]付东旭等.采用数字温度传感器进行热电偶冷端补偿的温度测量系统[J],工业控制计算机,2008,21(4):91～92
[39]张诗荣,王殿方.一种高精度热电偶冷端补偿电路设计[J],电测与仪表,1994,9:35～37
[40]王建明,杨颖.利用集成温度传感器AD590对热电偶进行冷端补偿的一种方法[J],大学物理,1995,14 (6):32～33
[41]AD590使用手册,Intersil :3～12
[42]胡汉才.单片机原理及接口技术[M],北京:清华大学出版社,1996:1～9
[43]孙春龙.基于LabVIEW多通道数据采集分析系统开发[D],硕士论文,武汉大学:40～55
[44]吴强,徐造林.基于P87LPC768的电动自行车电动机控制器的设计[J],电气应用,2006,25(12):23～28
[45]P87LPC768使用手册,广州周立功单片机发展有限公司:1～9
[46]曹玲芝主编.现代测试技术及虚拟仪器[M],北京:航空航天大学出版社,2004:1～60
[47]陈昌菊.远程网络虚拟实验室系统研究[D],硕士学位论文,西华大学:66～74
[48]磊勇.LabVIEW7.1虚拟仪器设计与实践[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2005:48~49
[49]雷勇.虚拟仪器设计与实践[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2005:47～65
[50]熬传宝.虚拟仪器技术及其发展趋势[J],山西电子技术,2007,6:92～93
[51]赵振华,冯涓.基于LabVIEW的单片机温度自动测试系统[J],现代电子技术,2007,15:142～146
[52]陈锡辉,张银鸿编.LabVIEW 8.20程序设计从入门到精通[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2007:2～358
[53]李春静.基于虚拟仪器的钢丝绳张力检测系统研究[D],硕士论文,青岛理工大学: 55～56
[54]任朝志.温度-应力试验机温湿度控制系统设计[D],硕士论文,武汉理工大学:30～36
[55]于祯,王秀清.基于LabVIEW与单片机串口的信号处理的研究[J],天津科技大学学报,2004,9(3):35～37
[56]胡贤金,陈章林.微机金属切削数据库的研究[J],工具技术,1998,32:3～6
[57]钱献芬等.利用LabSQL在Labview中访问数据库实例[J],科技咨询导报,2007, 27:16～17
[58]张克.基于C/S结构的试题库随机组卷系统的研究[D],硕士论文,合肥工业大学:27～29
[59]毕虎等.LabVIEW中访问数据库的几种不同方法[J],微计算机信息(测控自动化),2006,22(1-1):131～133
[60]董英斌,韩冰.LabVIEW中利用ActiveX技术访问Excel的接口研究[J],微计算机信息(测控自动化),2006,22(2-1):165～167
[61]晏良俊,张志良.虚拟仪器技术LabVIEW中的报表输出[J],机械制造及自动化, 2007,36(6):132～134
[62]胡绍海,高亚峰,肖坦.基于LabVIEW的Excel报表生成技术研究[J],测控技术,2007,26(10):64～66
[2]郭丽君.硬态切削刀具的性能及选用[J],机械设计与制造,2007,7:105～106
[3]刘献礼等.硬态干式切削机理及技术研究综述[J],中国机械工程,2002, 13(11):973～976
[4]袁哲俊.金属切削实验技术[M],北京:机械工业出版社,1988:73～99
[5]R. Komanduri *, Z.B. Hou. A review of the experimental techniques for the measurement of heat and temperatures generated in some manufacturing processes and tribology[J],Tribology International,2001,34:653～682
[6]郑红梅,余宏涛.基于LabVIEW和单片机的切削温度数据采集系统[J],机床与液压,2008,36(B07):220～222
[7]刘志新,张大卫.基于夹丝热电偶的高速切削温度测量[J],组合机床与自动化加工技术,2006,4:59～61
[8]R C Dewes,A review of ultra-high speed milling of hardened steels[J], Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1997,69:1～17
[9]陈日耀.金属切削原理(第2版)[M],北京:机械工业出版社,1993:82～95
[10]徐静.新型化爆材料动态切削温度测试系统研发[D],硕士学位论文,大连理工大学:1～5
[11]阎海鹏.高速铣削铝合金切削温度的研究[D],硕士学位论文,南京理工大学:6~10
[12]全燕鸣,乐有树.采用自然热电偶法测量铣削温度[J],工具技术,2007,41(5):80～82
[13]何振威等.高速切削中切削温度研究方法[J],现代制造工程,2005,8:111～113
[14]陆剑中,孙家宁.金属切削原理与刀具(第4版)[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2005:104～109
[15]李涛,鲁世红.高速切削过程测温方法综述[J],机械设计与制造,2007,5:122~123
[16]Liu C R, Mittal S. Single-step Super Finishing Using Hard Machining Resulting in Superior Surface Integrity [J],International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, 2001, 14(2):129～133
[17]周德廉,邵国友编.现代测试技术与信号处理[M],北京:中国矿业大学出版社,2005:1～8
[18]秦树人主编.虚拟仪器[M],北京:中国计量出版社,2004:1～16
[19]柏林.虚拟仪器及其在机械测试中的应用[M],北京:科学出版社,2007:1～12
[20]刘君华主编.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器设计[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2003:1～7
[21]季韶红,盛立峰,侯天伟.虚拟仪器的构成与发展[J],吉林广播电视大学学报,2008,2:117～120
[22]袁渊,古军.虚拟仪器基础教程[M],西安:电子科技大学出版社,2000:1～7
[23]杨琪文.虚拟仪器在机械工程测试技术中的应用与开发研究[J],宁波职业技术学院学报,2008, 12(5):27～29
[24]张重雄.虚拟仪器技术分析与设计[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2007:1～9
[25]周红霞等.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器及串口通信的实现[J],石家庄职业技术学院学报,2007,19(4):17～19
[26]赵高毅.通用串行总线在虚拟仪器技术中的应用研究[J],遵义师范学院学报,2008,10(1):97～99
[27]杨乐平等编.虚拟仪器技术概论[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2003:1～8
[28]李培江,尤婷.基于LabVIEW的高校测控实验的开发[J],实验室科学,2008,2:72～74
[29]薛菲.现场总线热电偶温度检测装置的研制[D],硕士论文,武汉大学:35～37
[30]李莉双.多功能温度测量仪的研制[D],硕士论文,东北大学:9～11
[31]王魁汉.温度测量技术[M],沈阳:东北工学院出版社,1991:66~100
[32]余瑞芬主编.传感器原理(第2版)[M],北京:航空工业出版社,1995:250~266
[33]张锦霞.热电偶使用、维修与技术问答[M],北京:计量出版社,2000:20～26
[34]冯吉福等.PCBN刀具车削淬硬高速钢的切削力与温度研究[J],超硬材料工程,2007,19(4):16～20
[35]沈维善等编.热电偶分度手册[M],标准化研究室出版,1983 :20～21
[36]Ali Bastia*, Toshiyuhi Obikawa, Jun shinozukab.Tools with built-in film thermocouple sensor for monitoring cutting temperature[J], International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 2007,47:793～798
[37]董国钢.K型热电偶冷端补偿方法[J],科学之友,2008,3:3～4
[38]付东旭等.采用数字温度传感器进行热电偶冷端补偿的温度测量系统[J],工业控制计算机,2008,21(4):91～92
[39]张诗荣,王殿方.一种高精度热电偶冷端补偿电路设计[J],电测与仪表,1994,9:35～37
[40]王建明,杨颖.利用集成温度传感器AD590对热电偶进行冷端补偿的一种方法[J],大学物理,1995,14 (6):32～33
[41]AD590使用手册,Intersil :3～12
[42]胡汉才.单片机原理及接口技术[M],北京:清华大学出版社,1996:1～9
[43]孙春龙.基于LabVIEW多通道数据采集分析系统开发[D],硕士论文,武汉大学:40～55
[44]吴强,徐造林.基于P87LPC768的电动自行车电动机控制器的设计[J],电气应用,2006,25(12):23～28
[45]P87LPC768使用手册,广州周立功单片机发展有限公司:1～9
[46]曹玲芝主编.现代测试技术及虚拟仪器[M],北京:航空航天大学出版社,2004:1～60
[47]陈昌菊.远程网络虚拟实验室系统研究[D],硕士学位论文,西华大学:66～74
[48]磊勇.LabVIEW7.1虚拟仪器设计与实践[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2005:48~49
[49]雷勇.虚拟仪器设计与实践[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2005:47～65
[50]熬传宝.虚拟仪器技术及其发展趋势[J],山西电子技术,2007,6:92～93
[51]赵振华,冯涓.基于LabVIEW的单片机温度自动测试系统[J],现代电子技术,2007,15:142～146
[52]陈锡辉,张银鸿编.LabVIEW 8.20程序设计从入门到精通[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2007:2～358
[53]李春静.基于虚拟仪器的钢丝绳张力检测系统研究[D],硕士论文,青岛理工大学: 55～56
[54]任朝志.温度-应力试验机温湿度控制系统设计[D],硕士论文,武汉理工大学:30～36
[55]于祯,王秀清.基于LabVIEW与单片机串口的信号处理的研究[J],天津科技大学学报,2004,9(3):35～37
[56]胡贤金,陈章林.微机金属切削数据库的研究[J],工具技术,1998,32:3～6
[57]钱献芬等.利用LabSQL在Labview中访问数据库实例[J],科技咨询导报,2007, 27:16～17
[58]张克.基于C/S结构的试题库随机组卷系统的研究[D],硕士论文,合肥工业大学:27～29
[59]毕虎等.LabVIEW中访问数据库的几种不同方法[J],微计算机信息(测控自动化),2006,22(1-1):131～133
[60]董英斌,韩冰.LabVIEW中利用ActiveX技术访问Excel的接口研究[J],微计算机信息(测控自动化),2006,22(2-1):165～167
[61]晏良俊,张志良.虚拟仪器技术LabVIEW中的报表输出[J],机械制造及自动化, 2007,36(6):132～134
[62]胡绍海,高亚峰,肖坦.基于LabVIEW的Excel报表生成技术研究[J],测控技术,2007,26(10):64～66