渗流对深部软岩蠕变影响的研究
摘要
愈来愈多的工程(如水电、矿山、核废料埋藏及溶质运移等)都建设在岩体之上或岩体之中,而对工程安全起重要作用的地下水流问题就突出地摆在人们的面前。在地下深处的岩体,渗流的作用使得岩体的结构和力学性能恶化,给地下工程的安全带来了极大的威胁,因此,渗流作用下软岩力学行为的研究具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。
本文从质量守恒定律、线动量平衡原理和能量守恒定律三个普遍原理出发,根据质量守恒方程、线动量平衡方程(运动方程)和能量守恒方程这三个基本方程以及相应的渗流定解边界条件推导了完整的饱和多孔介质单相流动的流固耦合数学模型。
在对前人流变模型理论研究基础上,建立了能反映荷载水平影响又能描述加速蠕变的流变模型,同时,对传统的多孔介质模型进行改进,引入渗流因素,建立了考虑渗流的多孔介质流变模型,应用到软岩中,得到考虑渗流的深部软岩流变模型。
通过单轴渗流蠕变试验得到渗流对软岩蠕变特性的部分影响规律,并进一步得出软岩承载能力和弹性模量都随着渗流强度的增加而降低,瞬时弹性变形量和极限蠕变变形量随着渗流强度的增加而增大的结论。
用ANSYS软件对某一工程算例进行数值模拟,可视化地呈现了渗流下隧道围岩底鼓等现象,并且验证了试验的部分结论。
More and more engineering (such as water-electrolyte engineering, mine, nucleus flotsam and solute moving) are build on or in rock mass, then the problems of ground water which plays an important role of the engineering security, are putting in front of us. In deep underground rock mass, the rock configuration and mechanics performance are deterioratng form seepage flow so that the safe work is threated seriously. Therefore, it has the important theory significance and the application value to study on mechanical behavior of soft rock in the effect of seepage flow.
This article is based on three universal principles, the law of conservation of mass, the line momentum balance principle and the law of conservation of energy. According to three fundamental equations, conservation equation of mass, line momentum balance equation (equation of motion) and energy-conservation equation as well as corresponding seepage fix answer of boundary condition deduced an intergrated mathematical model of fluid-structure coupling of one-phase fluid flowing in porous media of creep deformation.
In base of theory research to the rheological model of the predecessor, building a rheological model which not only to illustrate the influence of horizontal loading, but also to show the creep deformation of accelerating phase, at the same time, the traditional model of porous medium was to be improved, and the factor of seepage flow was to be draw into, a model of porous medium that considering factor of seepage was to be built, which has been had application in soft rock, at last we got the creep model of soft rock in deep part of underground that considering the seepage flow.
By means of homotaxial experiments of creep that considering seepage flow, the discipline of seepage flow effecting on characteristic of creep of soft rock was got, and further obtains the conclusion that the soft rock bearing capacity and the elasticity coefficient all reduce along with the flow intensity increasing, the instantaneous elastic deformation and the limit of creep deformation increases along with the flow intensity increasing.
The example of engineering was simulated by ANSYS, the bottom drum phenomenon was presented visually, the conclusion of assay was verified again.
本文从质量守恒定律、线动量平衡原理和能量守恒定律三个普遍原理出发,根据质量守恒方程、线动量平衡方程(运动方程)和能量守恒方程这三个基本方程以及相应的渗流定解边界条件推导了完整的饱和多孔介质单相流动的流固耦合数学模型。
在对前人流变模型理论研究基础上,建立了能反映荷载水平影响又能描述加速蠕变的流变模型,同时,对传统的多孔介质模型进行改进,引入渗流因素,建立了考虑渗流的多孔介质流变模型,应用到软岩中,得到考虑渗流的深部软岩流变模型。
通过单轴渗流蠕变试验得到渗流对软岩蠕变特性的部分影响规律,并进一步得出软岩承载能力和弹性模量都随着渗流强度的增加而降低,瞬时弹性变形量和极限蠕变变形量随着渗流强度的增加而增大的结论。
用ANSYS软件对某一工程算例进行数值模拟,可视化地呈现了渗流下隧道围岩底鼓等现象,并且验证了试验的部分结论。
More and more engineering (such as water-electrolyte engineering, mine, nucleus flotsam and solute moving) are build on or in rock mass, then the problems of ground water which plays an important role of the engineering security, are putting in front of us. In deep underground rock mass, the rock configuration and mechanics performance are deterioratng form seepage flow so that the safe work is threated seriously. Therefore, it has the important theory significance and the application value to study on mechanical behavior of soft rock in the effect of seepage flow.
This article is based on three universal principles, the law of conservation of mass, the line momentum balance principle and the law of conservation of energy. According to three fundamental equations, conservation equation of mass, line momentum balance equation (equation of motion) and energy-conservation equation as well as corresponding seepage fix answer of boundary condition deduced an intergrated mathematical model of fluid-structure coupling of one-phase fluid flowing in porous media of creep deformation.
In base of theory research to the rheological model of the predecessor, building a rheological model which not only to illustrate the influence of horizontal loading, but also to show the creep deformation of accelerating phase, at the same time, the traditional model of porous medium was to be improved, and the factor of seepage flow was to be draw into, a model of porous medium that considering factor of seepage was to be built, which has been had application in soft rock, at last we got the creep model of soft rock in deep part of underground that considering the seepage flow.
By means of homotaxial experiments of creep that considering seepage flow, the discipline of seepage flow effecting on characteristic of creep of soft rock was got, and further obtains the conclusion that the soft rock bearing capacity and the elasticity coefficient all reduce along with the flow intensity increasing, the instantaneous elastic deformation and the limit of creep deformation increases along with the flow intensity increasing.
The example of engineering was simulated by ANSYS, the bottom drum phenomenon was presented visually, the conclusion of assay was verified again.
引文
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[2]郑少河,朱维申,王书法,承压水上采煤的固流耦合问题研究,岩石力学与工程学报, 2000,19(4):421-424
[3]何满潮,吕晓俭,景海河,深部工程围岩特性及非线性动态力学设计理念,岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(8):1215-1224
[4]孔祥言,高等渗流力学,中国科学技术大学出版社,1999:1-7
[5]Hayat T, Shahazad F, Ayub M. Stokes first problem for the fourth order fluid in a porous half space,Acta mech sin , 2007,23(6):17-21
[6]Cheng Aijie,Characteristics difference method forincompressible miscible flow in porous media,Applied mathematics a journal of chinese universities , 1999,14(2):144-152
[7]王慧明,王恩志,孙役,裂隙岩体非饱和渗流本构关系,岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(12):2037-2041
[8]周志军,低渗透储层流固耦合渗流理论及应用研究,[博士学位论文]大庆石油学院,2003.5:1-3
[9]Ghaboussi J,Dikmen S.Effective stress analysis of seismic response and liquefaction: case studies,Journal of Geotechnical Engineering , 1984,110(5):645-658
[10]Kranz R L.The permeability of whole and jointed barre granite,Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr. , 1979,16(4):225-234
[11]Jones F O.A laboratory study of the effects of confining pressure on fracture flow and storage capacity in carbonate rock,Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr., 1975,27:21-27
[12]Keighin C W.Sampath K. Evaluation of pore geometry of some low-permeability sandstone-Uinta Basin,Journal of Petroleun Technology, 1982,34:65-70
[13]Zoback M D,Byerlee J D.The effect of microcrack dilatancy on the permeability of Westerly Granite,Journal of Geophsical Research, 1975,80:752-755
[14]Senseny P E et al.Influence of deformation history on permeability and specific storage of masaverde sandstone,Proceeding of 24 th US symposium on Rock Mechanics, 1983,525-531
[15]王媛,徐志英等,复杂裂隙岩体渗流与应力弹塑性全耦合分析,岩石力学与工程学报,2000(3):177-181
[16]张洪武,钟万勰,饱和土动力固结分析中的变分原理,岩土工程学报,1992,14(3):20-29
[17]许彦卿,裂隙岩体应力与渗流关系研究,水文地质工程地质,1995,12(2):30-35
[18]冉启全,李士伦,流固耦合油藏数值模拟中物性参数动态模型研究,石油勘探与开发,1997,24(3):61-65
[19]董平川,徐小荷,储层流固耦合的数学模型及其有限元方程,石油学报,1998,19(1):64-70
[20]薛世峰,宋惠珍,非混溶饱和两相渗流与孔隙介质耦合作用的理论研究——数学模型,地震地质,1999,21(3):243-260
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[22]范学平,李秀生,张士诚,低渗透变形介质油气藏渗流流-固耦合研究,新疆石油地质,2001,22(1):75-78
[23]刘建军,刘先贵,煤储层流固耦合渗流的数学模型,焦作工学院学报,1999,18(6):397-401
[24]刘建军,天然气流固耦合渗流计算的有限元方法,新疆石油地质,2000,21(6):487-490
[25] Verrijt T, Peano A, Pellegrint R. Review on the research of coupled solid and fluid flow in underground rock mass,1969,15(6):43-71
[26]冉启全,李士伦,杜志敏等,流固耦合多相多组分渗流数学模型的建立,中国海上油气,1996,10(3):172-177
[27]熊伟,田根林,黄立信等,变形介质多相流动流固耦合数学模型,水动力学研究与发展,2002,17(6):770-776
[28]杨彩弘,王永岩,魏佳,软岩蠕变过程中单相渗流固流耦合及数学模型,黑龙江科技学院学报,2004,14(5):297-299
[29]孙明,李治平,樊中海,流固耦合渗流数学模型及物性参数模型研究,石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),2007,29(6):115-119
[30]时宇,蒲春生,杨正明等,低频波动条件下流体平面渗流模型研究,特种油气藏,2008,15 (3):69-71
[31]刘才华,陈从新,付少兰,二维应力作用下岩石单裂隙渗流规律的实验研究,岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(8):1194-1198
[32]仵彦卿,曹广祝,丁卫华,CT尺度砂岩渗流与应力关系试验研究,岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(23):4203-4209
[33]蒋宇静,王刚,李博等,岩石节理剪切渗流耦合试验及分析,岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(11):2253-2259
[34]夏才初,王伟,王筱柔,岩石节理剪切一渗流耦合试验系统的研制,岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(6):1285-1288
[35]何满朝,景海河,孙晓明,软岩工程力学,科学出版社,2002:10-19
[36]杨天鸿,唐春安,徐涛等,岩石破裂过程的渗流特性—理论、模型与应用,科学出版社,2004:31-37
[37]周维垣,高等岩石力学,水利电力出版社, 1990:64-66
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