我国资源型城市可持续发展研究
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摘要
资源型城市是伴随着自然资源的开发利用而发展起来的,一直是我国重要的能源、原材料基地,为国民经济和社会发展做出了重大贡献。由于资源枯竭、产业结构调整、市场需求的变化等问题,资源型城市面临着资源枯竭和城市持续发展的双重挑战。本文针对资源型城市如何实现可持续发展进行了研究,通过理论与实践相结合,在对资源型城市的基本情况进行分析后,提出了我国资源型城市可持续发展的主要途径,在对国内外典型资源型城市的转型经验进行了归纳后,对吉林省松原市进行了实证分析。希望对今后我国资源型城市的可持续发展实践起到指导和借鉴作用。
The resource-based cities is the one that resource-based industry possesses bigger share in industries, spring up and develop with exploiting and utilizing of nature resources. Numerous resourced-based cities in our country provide great contribution to country economy and development of society. In recent years, with the dry up of resources, there are a series of problems in our resource-based cities, such as the dry up and waste of resources coexist, industries structure is single, the economic development drop behind, environmental pollution is serious, ecological environments deteriorate, basic establishment lag, unemployment increase, capital and talented person are lack badly. Resource-based cities are in a hot water.
The research on sustainable development of resourced-based cities has great meanings. Firstly, it is need of resourced-based cities overcome itself difficulties to enhance the competitive of cities. Secondly, it is the requirement of promoting the development of regional economy, and lastly it is the need of carry through the idea of international sustainable development.
Some cities of our country have realized sustainable development through cities transition, such as Daqing, Kelamayi, Liaoyuan, etc.and these cities have make definite progress. Industrialization course of developed countries began earlier.
In 1950s, they have paid more attention to the development of resource-based cities and taken corresponding measures. The aid modes of recessionary industries include financing aid, technology aid, preferential policy, etc. As for the sustainable development practice of developed countries, we can use for reference. According to our special situation and city background, we should analyze carefully our own resource-based cities, synthesize advantage of cities and seek a suit of fit transition measures to adjust cities economy.
We study resource-based cities by means of theory of industrial structure, sustainable development. Industries is the fulcrum of cities thriving, our resource-based cities can realize sustainable development by means of industry conversion and reconstruction of cities function.
The mode of industrial conversion has three kinds: industry extension mode, industry renewal, and combination mode. Industry extension is to establish industry groups of deep resources machining and comprehensive utilization. Industry renewal is to search new pillar industry as leading industry to shape new economic growth pole. The combination mode means both industry extension and industry renewal are taken. On account of selection of industry mode is influenced by resource exploitation stage, exploitation size, regional industrial policy and location factor, different cities should choose different industry mode.
Reconstruction of cities function is another important method. There are three ways. Firstly, resource-based cities should set up new mechanism of resource exploration. Secondly, resource-based cities should establish project of cities advantages reconstruction and enhance the cooperation of regional economy. Lastly, resource-based cities should strengthen fathering and protection of ecological environment, and control environmental pollution.
Furthermore, sustainable development of resource-based cities needs a perfect and strong upholding system, which involves talent support system, bankroll support system and technological support system. The establishment of talent support system includes that fostering high-level inter-disciplinary talent, strengthening training of employee on guard, and reallocation of laid-off workers. The bankroll support system can be realized by governmental investment and marketing financing. Actually governmental investment is limited, while market financing has huge potential, the resource-based cities should absorb financial capital, civilian capital and foreign capital. Technological support system resource-based cities adopt multiform technological innovation, establish well technological innovation environment guaranteed by talent and bankroll.
Then, take City Songyuan as example, and analyze the present situation of Songyuan, and find that Songyuan has great potential to be better. Author indicate that Songyuan must strengthen the construction of infrastructure of city, and realize the cultivation of new industries and prepared for the transition of economy.
During the course of research, author takes economics of city, regional economics, industry economics, and sustainable development theory as guidance, adopts the methods of combination of history and realism, domestic and overseas, theory and practice.
On the basics of foregone research outcome, this paper includes innovation as follows:
At first, combining industry structure and sustainable development, the author investigates latest situation of domestic resource-based cities and makes new conclusion.
Second, on the basic of transformation experience of typical resource-based cities, this paper puts forward comprehensive countermeasure by the numbers, emphasizes that industry conversion and reconstruction of cities function are crucial. Furthermore, the paper brings forward idiographic steps for the support system of bankroll, talent and technology.
The resource-based cities is the one that resource-based industry possesses bigger share in industries, spring up and develop with exploiting and utilizing of nature resources. Numerous resourced-based cities in our country provide great contribution to country economy and development of society. In recent years, with the dry up of resources, there are a series of problems in our resource-based cities, such as the dry up and waste of resources coexist, industries structure is single, the economic development drop behind, environmental pollution is serious, ecological environments deteriorate, basic establishment lag, unemployment increase, capital and talented person are lack badly. Resource-based cities are in a hot water.
The research on sustainable development of resourced-based cities has great meanings. Firstly, it is need of resourced-based cities overcome itself difficulties to enhance the competitive of cities. Secondly, it is the requirement of promoting the development of regional economy, and lastly it is the need of carry through the idea of international sustainable development.
Some cities of our country have realized sustainable development through cities transition, such as Daqing, Kelamayi, Liaoyuan, etc.and these cities have make definite progress. Industrialization course of developed countries began earlier.
In 1950s, they have paid more attention to the development of resource-based cities and taken corresponding measures. The aid modes of recessionary industries include financing aid, technology aid, preferential policy, etc. As for the sustainable development practice of developed countries, we can use for reference. According to our special situation and city background, we should analyze carefully our own resource-based cities, synthesize advantage of cities and seek a suit of fit transition measures to adjust cities economy.
We study resource-based cities by means of theory of industrial structure, sustainable development. Industries is the fulcrum of cities thriving, our resource-based cities can realize sustainable development by means of industry conversion and reconstruction of cities function.
The mode of industrial conversion has three kinds: industry extension mode, industry renewal, and combination mode. Industry extension is to establish industry groups of deep resources machining and comprehensive utilization. Industry renewal is to search new pillar industry as leading industry to shape new economic growth pole. The combination mode means both industry extension and industry renewal are taken. On account of selection of industry mode is influenced by resource exploitation stage, exploitation size, regional industrial policy and location factor, different cities should choose different industry mode.
Reconstruction of cities function is another important method. There are three ways. Firstly, resource-based cities should set up new mechanism of resource exploration. Secondly, resource-based cities should establish project of cities advantages reconstruction and enhance the cooperation of regional economy. Lastly, resource-based cities should strengthen fathering and protection of ecological environment, and control environmental pollution.
Furthermore, sustainable development of resource-based cities needs a perfect and strong upholding system, which involves talent support system, bankroll support system and technological support system. The establishment of talent support system includes that fostering high-level inter-disciplinary talent, strengthening training of employee on guard, and reallocation of laid-off workers. The bankroll support system can be realized by governmental investment and marketing financing. Actually governmental investment is limited, while market financing has huge potential, the resource-based cities should absorb financial capital, civilian capital and foreign capital. Technological support system resource-based cities adopt multiform technological innovation, establish well technological innovation environment guaranteed by talent and bankroll.
Then, take City Songyuan as example, and analyze the present situation of Songyuan, and find that Songyuan has great potential to be better. Author indicate that Songyuan must strengthen the construction of infrastructure of city, and realize the cultivation of new industries and prepared for the transition of economy.
During the course of research, author takes economics of city, regional economics, industry economics, and sustainable development theory as guidance, adopts the methods of combination of history and realism, domestic and overseas, theory and practice.
On the basics of foregone research outcome, this paper includes innovation as follows:
At first, combining industry structure and sustainable development, the author investigates latest situation of domestic resource-based cities and makes new conclusion.
Second, on the basic of transformation experience of typical resource-based cities, this paper puts forward comprehensive countermeasure by the numbers, emphasizes that industry conversion and reconstruction of cities function are crucial. Furthermore, the paper brings forward idiographic steps for the support system of bankroll, talent and technology.
引文
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[28].张兴胜.经济转型与金融支持.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2002:P45-46
[29].辽宁工业转型研究课题组.区域煤炭产业转型理论与数学模型研究.中国软科学,2002(5):P92-97
[30].孟凡生,王超.我国资源型城市可持续发展策略研究.哈尔滨商业大学学报,2005(1):P87-89
[31].胡家勇.转型、发展与政府.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2003
[32].吴相利.论城市的衰竭与复兴.前沿,2002(9):P42-43
[33].邢保帅等.阜新经济转型现代农业发展调查研究.采矿技术,2006(9):P83-85
[34].刘世丽.政府在资源型城市可持续中面临的紧迫任务.中国行政管理,2000(10):P32-34
[35].苏东水.产业经济学.高等教育出版社,2002(6)
[36].大庆市政府.大庆市2005年国民经济和社会发展统计公报.2006年3月20日.大庆市政府www.daqing.gov.cn
[37].大庆市政府.大庆市2004年国民经济和社会发展统计公报.2005年7月5日.大庆市政府www.daqing.gov.cn
[38].Bradbury J H. Towards an alternative theory of resource-based town development. Economic Geography, 1999,55(2):P147-166
[39].Mark Giodano. The geography of the commons:the role of scale and space. Annals of Association of American Geographers,93(2),2003
[40].华景山,于明成.对松原市矿业经济发展的对策与思考.中国矿业.2006(11):P30-33
[41].魏志华等.松原经济变“快走”为“快跑”的思考.地方动态.2005(6):P48-50
[42].李绍刚.松原旅游开发构想.城镇化与城市发展.2006(9):P204-205
[43].吉林省统计年鉴(2001-2006)
[2].Bradbury.J.H,St-Martain I:Winding Down in a Qubic Town:a case study of Schefferville.The Canadian Geographer,1983,27(2)
[3].李文彦.煤炭城市的工业发展与城市规划.地理学报,1978(1)
[4].周长庆.浅论资源型城市属性、结构及成长中的协调发展.经济体制改革,1994(5)
[5].胡玉才.煤炭城市产业结构调整与发展研究.能源基地建设,1996(3):P96-99
[6].张米尔,武春友.资源型城市产业转型障碍与对策研究.经济理论与经济管理,2001(6):P36-38
[7].张以诚.矿业城市与可持续发展.石油工业出版社,1998(10).
[8].沈镭.资源型城市的再城市化与转型.资源与产业,2003(6)
[9].蒋建权.东北区煤矿城市可持续发展问题探讨.地理科学,2000(3)
[10].史晓云.论资源型城市转型成本.科技情报开发与经济,2005(15)
[11].薛冰.资源型城市产业转型风险评估的模糊综合模型研究.资源与产业.2006(4)
[12].朱明峰.资源型城市可持续发展与生态城市建设.合肥工业大学学报.2006(2):P46-47
[13].徐学强等.城市地理学.高等教育出版社,1999年:P38-42
[14].赵景海,俞滨洋.资源型城市空间可持续发展战略初探.城市规划,1999(23):P55-56
[15].周长庆.浅论资源型城市属性、结构及成长中的协调发展.经济体制改革,1994,(5):P23-24
[16].赵宇空.中国矿业城市:持续发展与结构调整.第1版.长春:吉林科学技术出版社,1995:P121-125
[17].Frank Harris.Key concepts and terminology of mining city.New York: The geophysical Foundations,1996:P19-56
[18].胡魁.中国矿业城市基本问题.资源产业,2001(5):P24-25
[19].国家计委宏观经济研究院课题组.我国资源型城市的界定与分类.宏观经济研究,2002,(11):82-87
[20].彭华岗,侯杰.德国资源型城市和企业转型的经验及启示.中国经贸导刊,2002:P42-43
[21].张平宇.阜新市经济转型的战略对策.矿产研究与开发,2005(2):P1-5
[22].王青云.资源型城市经济转型研究.北京:中国经济出版社,2003:P68-75
[23].大庆市政府.大庆市2006年国民经济和社会发展统计公报.2007年3月16日.大庆市政府www.daqing.gov.cn
[24].李猛,张米尔.资源型城市区域竞争优势再造研究.决策借鉴,2002(15):P72-74
[25].吴要武.资源枯竭型城市的就业难题.资源枯竭型城市经济转型与可持续发展研讨会论文集,2004
[26].毕晨飞.资源型城市可持续发展研究.中国教育科学研究,2005(1):P57-58
[27].刘云刚.中国资源型城市的发展机制及其调控对策研究.东北示范大学博士学位论文,2002年5月
[28].张兴胜.经济转型与金融支持.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2002:P45-46
[29].辽宁工业转型研究课题组.区域煤炭产业转型理论与数学模型研究.中国软科学,2002(5):P92-97
[30].孟凡生,王超.我国资源型城市可持续发展策略研究.哈尔滨商业大学学报,2005(1):P87-89
[31].胡家勇.转型、发展与政府.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2003
[32].吴相利.论城市的衰竭与复兴.前沿,2002(9):P42-43
[33].邢保帅等.阜新经济转型现代农业发展调查研究.采矿技术,2006(9):P83-85
[34].刘世丽.政府在资源型城市可持续中面临的紧迫任务.中国行政管理,2000(10):P32-34
[35].苏东水.产业经济学.高等教育出版社,2002(6)
[36].大庆市政府.大庆市2005年国民经济和社会发展统计公报.2006年3月20日.大庆市政府www.daqing.gov.cn
[37].大庆市政府.大庆市2004年国民经济和社会发展统计公报.2005年7月5日.大庆市政府www.daqing.gov.cn
[38].Bradbury J H. Towards an alternative theory of resource-based town development. Economic Geography, 1999,55(2):P147-166
[39].Mark Giodano. The geography of the commons:the role of scale and space. Annals of Association of American Geographers,93(2),2003
[40].华景山,于明成.对松原市矿业经济发展的对策与思考.中国矿业.2006(11):P30-33
[41].魏志华等.松原经济变“快走”为“快跑”的思考.地方动态.2005(6):P48-50
[42].李绍刚.松原旅游开发构想.城镇化与城市发展.2006(9):P204-205
[43].吉林省统计年鉴(2001-2006)