ERTG特性分析及使用优化研究
摘要
集装箱码头生产工艺自集装箱码头诞生以来就在不断的创新和发展之中,其最终目的就是提高装卸作业效率,降低运营成本,提高码头的竞争力和盈利能力。
传统的集装箱码头生产工艺有RMG和RTG两种。对于使用RMG的工艺方案的集装箱码头,其使用成本低廉,但初始投资较高,且操作灵活性受到一定限制导致得不到广泛应用；RTG工艺方案,具备很好的灵活性,操作效率较高,但其使用柴油作为动力能源,能耗大,成本高,不环保。
同时,为了保持国民经济持续、快速、健康发展,国家日前大力发展电力供应,稳定电价,以改善能源结构,促进科学发展。为了响应国家节能环保、和谐发展的号召,提倡使用高能效设备,新建工程项目杜绝使用能耗大效率低的装卸设备,优先选用以电能做为动力源的装卸设备。在上述背景下,以电力驱动的ERTG,由于具备RMG成本低和RTG可转场的特点,日益成为现代集装箱码头堆场作业的首选机械。
E-RTG码头生产工艺,是用一种新的堆场组织形式来调度一种新型的操作机械,以更低的操作成本完成码头操作的任务。这种工艺下需要运用优化的方法,去进行场地计划和生产组织,以最大限度的避免操作灵活性,满足码头操作使用要求,提高集装箱码头的核心竞争力。
论文结合天津港欧亚国际集装箱码头有限公司生产操作实际,在分析ERTG特性和使用规则的基础上,探讨ERTG工艺下,如何合理地进行场地计划和生产组织,以最大限度的发挥ERTG的低成本的优势,克服ERTG的不够灵活的缺点,使这种新技术、新设备在提高码头作业效率、降低码头作业成本方面做出最大贡献。
Container terminal operating method is always on the way of development and innovation since its berth with the aim to improve operating efficiency and reduce managing cost.
Traditionally, there are two operating ways applied by container terminals:RMG program and RTG program. For the first pattern, taking low operating cost as the advantage, it covers a huge initial investment and gets unable to change stacks. On the contrary, the RTG program deserves operating smartness and low investment expenditure but consuming much more energy.
Recently, our country is making great efforts to develop electric energy supply, stabilize the price of it and refine the energy structure in order to keep the national economy healthy, progressive, and stable improvement. Responding to the call on envirmenmental protection and using high efficiency equipment, the new container terminal projects refuse to use the equipment with large energy consuming and low efficiency. So being the aforesaid situation, more and more modern container terminals give priority to RTG with electricity as the dynamic force, smarter in operating dispatch and lower in manangement cost.
ERTG terminal operating method is a new way to organize terminal resources, esp. dispatch ERTG to finish the production task, which needs to optimize the use of ERTG through yard planning and operating arrangement.
This paper will analyze the the features and use regulation of ERTG. Then, it combines the operating practice of Tianjin Port Euroasia International Container Terminal to explore the feasible method to fulfill the advantagement of ERTG to the best and to decline the disadvantagement to the least in order to contribute the progress of improving efficiency and reducing cost with the new technique of ERTG.
传统的集装箱码头生产工艺有RMG和RTG两种。对于使用RMG的工艺方案的集装箱码头,其使用成本低廉,但初始投资较高,且操作灵活性受到一定限制导致得不到广泛应用；RTG工艺方案,具备很好的灵活性,操作效率较高,但其使用柴油作为动力能源,能耗大,成本高,不环保。
同时,为了保持国民经济持续、快速、健康发展,国家日前大力发展电力供应,稳定电价,以改善能源结构,促进科学发展。为了响应国家节能环保、和谐发展的号召,提倡使用高能效设备,新建工程项目杜绝使用能耗大效率低的装卸设备,优先选用以电能做为动力源的装卸设备。在上述背景下,以电力驱动的ERTG,由于具备RMG成本低和RTG可转场的特点,日益成为现代集装箱码头堆场作业的首选机械。
E-RTG码头生产工艺,是用一种新的堆场组织形式来调度一种新型的操作机械,以更低的操作成本完成码头操作的任务。这种工艺下需要运用优化的方法,去进行场地计划和生产组织,以最大限度的避免操作灵活性,满足码头操作使用要求,提高集装箱码头的核心竞争力。
论文结合天津港欧亚国际集装箱码头有限公司生产操作实际,在分析ERTG特性和使用规则的基础上,探讨ERTG工艺下,如何合理地进行场地计划和生产组织,以最大限度的发挥ERTG的低成本的优势,克服ERTG的不够灵活的缺点,使这种新技术、新设备在提高码头作业效率、降低码头作业成本方面做出最大贡献。
Container terminal operating method is always on the way of development and innovation since its berth with the aim to improve operating efficiency and reduce managing cost.
Traditionally, there are two operating ways applied by container terminals:RMG program and RTG program. For the first pattern, taking low operating cost as the advantage, it covers a huge initial investment and gets unable to change stacks. On the contrary, the RTG program deserves operating smartness and low investment expenditure but consuming much more energy.
Recently, our country is making great efforts to develop electric energy supply, stabilize the price of it and refine the energy structure in order to keep the national economy healthy, progressive, and stable improvement. Responding to the call on envirmenmental protection and using high efficiency equipment, the new container terminal projects refuse to use the equipment with large energy consuming and low efficiency. So being the aforesaid situation, more and more modern container terminals give priority to RTG with electricity as the dynamic force, smarter in operating dispatch and lower in manangement cost.
ERTG terminal operating method is a new way to organize terminal resources, esp. dispatch ERTG to finish the production task, which needs to optimize the use of ERTG through yard planning and operating arrangement.
This paper will analyze the the features and use regulation of ERTG. Then, it combines the operating practice of Tianjin Port Euroasia International Container Terminal to explore the feasible method to fulfill the advantagement of ERTG to the best and to decline the disadvantagement to the least in order to contribute the progress of improving efficiency and reducing cost with the new technique of ERTG.
引文
[1]吴莉燕.REGEN飞轮节能系统,港口装卸,2007(5)：26.
[2]Chen, C.Yandhsieh, T-W.A time-space network model for the berth alloeation Problem.19the IFIP TC7 Conefreneeon System Modeling and Optimization, July1999. Cambridge, UK136-142
[3]郑维馥.节能型轮胎式集装箱门式起重机的分析,港口装卸,2007(2)：1—4.
[4]刘晋川,饶京川.电动RTG的开发与应用,港口装卸,2006(5)：5—6.
[5]洪钐 刘晋川 饶京川 苏国萃.轮胎式集装箱门式起重机节能技术应用与发展,港口装卸,2008(2)：18—20.
[6]冯蔚然.水运技术经济学.北京：人民交通出版社,1990.
[7]杨玫.创建国际一流的集装箱码头堆场的堆场管理策略研究.[J].中国港口,2000(06)
[8]林志树：轮胎式集装箱龙门起重机节能项目的发展及应用.[J].港口装卸,2009(03)
[9]陈家源,佟成权.国际航运市场学.大连：大连海事大学出版社,1995.
[10]李静泉.大连港装卸机械配置相关因素分析及对策研究[J].大连海事大学,2006.
[11]陈家源.装卸工程学(上)[M].大连：大连海事大学出版社,1985：107-109.
[12]王黎明.轮胎吊高架滑触线供电方式油改电在集装箱港区的应用[J].中国港口,1996(06).
[13]余洲生.港口装卸机械[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1992：23.
[14]卢伟力.龙门吊“油改电”供电方案比较[J].交通科技,2008(7).
[15]刘晋川；饶京川.电动RTG的开发与应用[J].港口装卸,2006(05).
[16]张德文,郝焕启.集装箱堆场起重机的最新技术发展[J].起重运输机械,2007(11).
[17]唐勤华.集装箱重箱堆场ERTG工艺方案的选择[J].水运工程,2008(10).
[18]段苏振.应用于轮胎式集装箱门式起重机的节能降耗技术[J].起重运输机械,2009,(02).
[19]周家海,陈庆为,王军浩,董瑞芝.轮胎式集装箱门式起重机的油改电技术[J].起重运输机械,2009,(04).
[20]曹中恬,李国辉.RTG的发展趋势[J].港口装卸,2004,(06),
[21]张晓龙施立新,论集装箱码头堆场作业效率提高的途径[J],集装箱化,2009(5)：26-28
[22]潘甲福.港口装卸工艺标准化探讨[J].交通标准化,2003,(09).[J].交通标准化,2003,(09).
[23]段苏振.节能降耗技术在轮胎式集装箱门式起重机中的应用探讨.[J].水运管理,2002(08)
[24]邹俊善.《现代港口经济学》[M].人民交通出版社,1997.
[25]罗正齐.《港口经济学》[M].学苑出版社,1997.
[26]Theo E Notteboom, Concentration and load center development in the European container port system, Journal of Transport Geography Vol5, NO.2,1997.
[27]Dong-Wook Song, Regional container port competition and co-operation:the case of HonG Kong and South China, Journal of Transport Geography 10(2002).
[28]James Jixian Wang,A container load center with a developing hinerland:A case study of Hong Kong, Journal of Transport Geography Vol,6, NO.3,1998.
[29]庄骅,国际集装箱船舶大型化对世界集装箱港口发展的影响[J].交通部上海船舶运输科学研究所学报,2001(O1)
[30]张杰.上海港集装箱码头装卸桥配置研究[J].水运管理,2002(08)
[31]姜舒曼,李勋.集装箱堆场现有“油改电”方案比较分析[J].商品储运与养护,2008(08).
[32]郑小楠.RTG“油改电”技术方案探讨[J].港口装卸,2007(05)
[33]何勤奋.高空跨箱区滑触线供电技术[J].港口装卸,2007(06)
[34]胡思唐,饶京川,宋志国.轻型轮胎式集装箱门式起重机[J].港口装卸,2004(3)
[35]曾建平.浅论项目评估的内容和方法[J].福建建材.1998(04)
[36]刘永祥.对提高项目评估敏感性分析和风险分析水平的再探讨.青海经济研究.2003(3).
[37]John M. Nicholas. Project Management for Business and Technology[M]清华大学出版社.2001,9.
[38]吴大军,王立国.项目评估[M].东北财经大学出版社.2002.
[39]王立国.可行性研究与项目评估.东北财经大学出版社.2001.
[40]MARCELA MIOZZO, CHRIS IVORY. Restructuring in the British Construction Industry Imlications of Recent Changes in Project Management and Technology. Technology analysis & strategic managemnt.2004(4).
[2]Chen, C.Yandhsieh, T-W.A time-space network model for the berth alloeation Problem.19the IFIP TC7 Conefreneeon System Modeling and Optimization, July1999. Cambridge, UK136-142
[3]郑维馥.节能型轮胎式集装箱门式起重机的分析,港口装卸,2007(2)：1—4.
[4]刘晋川,饶京川.电动RTG的开发与应用,港口装卸,2006(5)：5—6.
[5]洪钐 刘晋川 饶京川 苏国萃.轮胎式集装箱门式起重机节能技术应用与发展,港口装卸,2008(2)：18—20.
[6]冯蔚然.水运技术经济学.北京：人民交通出版社,1990.
[7]杨玫.创建国际一流的集装箱码头堆场的堆场管理策略研究.[J].中国港口,2000(06)
[8]林志树：轮胎式集装箱龙门起重机节能项目的发展及应用.[J].港口装卸,2009(03)
[9]陈家源,佟成权.国际航运市场学.大连：大连海事大学出版社,1995.
[10]李静泉.大连港装卸机械配置相关因素分析及对策研究[J].大连海事大学,2006.
[11]陈家源.装卸工程学(上)[M].大连：大连海事大学出版社,1985：107-109.
[12]王黎明.轮胎吊高架滑触线供电方式油改电在集装箱港区的应用[J].中国港口,1996(06).
[13]余洲生.港口装卸机械[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1992：23.
[14]卢伟力.龙门吊“油改电”供电方案比较[J].交通科技,2008(7).
[15]刘晋川；饶京川.电动RTG的开发与应用[J].港口装卸,2006(05).
[16]张德文,郝焕启.集装箱堆场起重机的最新技术发展[J].起重运输机械,2007(11).
[17]唐勤华.集装箱重箱堆场ERTG工艺方案的选择[J].水运工程,2008(10).
[18]段苏振.应用于轮胎式集装箱门式起重机的节能降耗技术[J].起重运输机械,2009,(02).
[19]周家海,陈庆为,王军浩,董瑞芝.轮胎式集装箱门式起重机的油改电技术[J].起重运输机械,2009,(04).
[20]曹中恬,李国辉.RTG的发展趋势[J].港口装卸,2004,(06),
[21]张晓龙施立新,论集装箱码头堆场作业效率提高的途径[J],集装箱化,2009(5)：26-28
[22]潘甲福.港口装卸工艺标准化探讨[J].交通标准化,2003,(09).[J].交通标准化,2003,(09).
[23]段苏振.节能降耗技术在轮胎式集装箱门式起重机中的应用探讨.[J].水运管理,2002(08)
[24]邹俊善.《现代港口经济学》[M].人民交通出版社,1997.
[25]罗正齐.《港口经济学》[M].学苑出版社,1997.
[26]Theo E Notteboom, Concentration and load center development in the European container port system, Journal of Transport Geography Vol5, NO.2,1997.
[27]Dong-Wook Song, Regional container port competition and co-operation:the case of HonG Kong and South China, Journal of Transport Geography 10(2002).
[28]James Jixian Wang,A container load center with a developing hinerland:A case study of Hong Kong, Journal of Transport Geography Vol,6, NO.3,1998.
[29]庄骅,国际集装箱船舶大型化对世界集装箱港口发展的影响[J].交通部上海船舶运输科学研究所学报,2001(O1)
[30]张杰.上海港集装箱码头装卸桥配置研究[J].水运管理,2002(08)
[31]姜舒曼,李勋.集装箱堆场现有“油改电”方案比较分析[J].商品储运与养护,2008(08).
[32]郑小楠.RTG“油改电”技术方案探讨[J].港口装卸,2007(05)
[33]何勤奋.高空跨箱区滑触线供电技术[J].港口装卸,2007(06)
[34]胡思唐,饶京川,宋志国.轻型轮胎式集装箱门式起重机[J].港口装卸,2004(3)
[35]曾建平.浅论项目评估的内容和方法[J].福建建材.1998(04)
[36]刘永祥.对提高项目评估敏感性分析和风险分析水平的再探讨.青海经济研究.2003(3).
[37]John M. Nicholas. Project Management for Business and Technology[M]清华大学出版社.2001,9.
[38]吴大军,王立国.项目评估[M].东北财经大学出版社.2002.
[39]王立国.可行性研究与项目评估.东北财经大学出版社.2001.
[40]MARCELA MIOZZO, CHRIS IVORY. Restructuring in the British Construction Industry Imlications of Recent Changes in Project Management and Technology. Technology analysis & strategic managemnt.2004(4).