集装箱码头泊位系统配置与调度研究
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摘要
随着经济全球化、贸易多元化的发展,许多国家的经营活动已不在局限于本国或某个地区,而是更多的在全球范围内布局和开展。跨国贸易的增长带动了国际集装箱运输的蓬勃发展,集装箱港口在全球航运网络中的节点作用也日益凸现,新一轮的国际航运中心的竞争日趋激烈。我国自上个世纪80年代以来,集装箱贸易量一直保持稳定快速的增长势头,特别是进入21世纪以来,我国的经济实力迅猛发展,集装箱吞吐量取得突破性进展,超越美国位居世界首位。目前香港、上海、深圳的集装箱吞吐量分别居世界第一、第三、第四位。但是我国的集装箱港口的发展相对于发达国家仍存在很大差距,不少集装箱港口仍处于满负荷甚至吵超负荷运营的状态。船舶在港作业时间长,压港现象严重。因此,如何最大限度的优化港口现有资源满足日益增长的港口服务需求,成为许多研究者研究的课题。
基于以上事实,本文从现实角度出发,以集装箱码头泊位子系统为研究对象,站在宏观角度,考虑港口建设及运营的经济性因素,运用排队理论,解决了集装箱码头泊位数量合理配置问题,并利用VB软件进行模型求解。在泊位系统硬件资源合理规划的前提下,以最小化船舶在港时间为目标,建立了岸桥——泊位协调调度模型,利用智能优化技术为到港船舶分配最佳泊位位置和停泊顺序,并为作业船舶安排最优数量的岸桥设备,提高码头岸边作业效率,提升港口的竞争力。本文从宏观及微观两个层次针对港口前沿装卸资源合理化配置及调度进行了研究,形成了一个相对完整的研究体系,具有一定的现实指导意义。
With a wide range of development of economic globalization and trade, many countries have not restricted their business activities in a country or a certain region, but more in the higher level-global distribution and implementation. Cross-border trade growth has driven the rapid development of international container shipping business. Container port which plays a pivotal role of nodes in the global container shipping network becomes more important in a new round of international shipping center competition. Since the last century 80's. in Chinas, the container trade has maintained a steady and rapid growth. Especially in the 21st century, with the rapid development of China's economic strength, the container throughput also achieved breakthroughs. Since 2005, China has surpassed the United States, ranking first in the world's container throughput. Hong Kong. Shanghai and Shenzhen container throughput respectively ranks first, third, fourth in the world. However, the development of China's container port compared to developed countries, gaps still remain. Many of the container ports are still in operation at full capacity and even the state of overload. Service time for container ship is too long which lead to serious traffic jams in container port. Therefore, how to maximize the optimization of existing resources to meet the growing port service demand becomes a hot research point.
Based on these facts above, in a realistic point of view, this paper selects the container berths subsystem as a research object, considering the port construction and operation economic factors, adopting queuing theory to analyze how to rationally decide the container berth scale and use VB software to solve the model. Based on a rational allocation of port resources, in order to minimize the turnaround time of container ship in port, this paper further establishes a crane-DBAP coordinate scheduling model. Besides, in the paper, we employ an intelligent optimization technology, to select a best allocation of berths and crane. From both macro and micro level, this paper made a study oft berths subsystem and the results of paper had a practical significance.
基于以上事实,本文从现实角度出发,以集装箱码头泊位子系统为研究对象,站在宏观角度,考虑港口建设及运营的经济性因素,运用排队理论,解决了集装箱码头泊位数量合理配置问题,并利用VB软件进行模型求解。在泊位系统硬件资源合理规划的前提下,以最小化船舶在港时间为目标,建立了岸桥——泊位协调调度模型,利用智能优化技术为到港船舶分配最佳泊位位置和停泊顺序,并为作业船舶安排最优数量的岸桥设备,提高码头岸边作业效率,提升港口的竞争力。本文从宏观及微观两个层次针对港口前沿装卸资源合理化配置及调度进行了研究,形成了一个相对完整的研究体系,具有一定的现实指导意义。
With a wide range of development of economic globalization and trade, many countries have not restricted their business activities in a country or a certain region, but more in the higher level-global distribution and implementation. Cross-border trade growth has driven the rapid development of international container shipping business. Container port which plays a pivotal role of nodes in the global container shipping network becomes more important in a new round of international shipping center competition. Since the last century 80's. in Chinas, the container trade has maintained a steady and rapid growth. Especially in the 21st century, with the rapid development of China's economic strength, the container throughput also achieved breakthroughs. Since 2005, China has surpassed the United States, ranking first in the world's container throughput. Hong Kong. Shanghai and Shenzhen container throughput respectively ranks first, third, fourth in the world. However, the development of China's container port compared to developed countries, gaps still remain. Many of the container ports are still in operation at full capacity and even the state of overload. Service time for container ship is too long which lead to serious traffic jams in container port. Therefore, how to maximize the optimization of existing resources to meet the growing port service demand becomes a hot research point.
Based on these facts above, in a realistic point of view, this paper selects the container berths subsystem as a research object, considering the port construction and operation economic factors, adopting queuing theory to analyze how to rationally decide the container berth scale and use VB software to solve the model. Based on a rational allocation of port resources, in order to minimize the turnaround time of container ship in port, this paper further establishes a crane-DBAP coordinate scheduling model. Besides, in the paper, we employ an intelligent optimization technology, to select a best allocation of berths and crane. From both macro and micro level, this paper made a study oft berths subsystem and the results of paper had a practical significance.
引文
[1]真虹.集装箱运输学.大连：大连海事大学出版,1999.
[2]孙凤山.港口发展集装箱物流的优势和途径现代物流.港口经济,2007,33-35.
[3]http://www. oen. eom. en/reports/2006155jizhuangxiang. htm
[4]王鸿鹏.集装箱运输管理.北京：电子工业出版社,2007.
[5]胡玉洲.我国港口物流发展问题思考.中国储运,2007(7)：54-55.
[6]丁以中等.港口集装箱流研究现状与分析.上海海运学院学报,2004,25(2)：45-55.
[7]童永斌.港口拥挤的经济影响及解决方法.世界海运,2006(2)：48-49.
[8]陈家源.港口企业管理学.大连：大连海事大学出版社,1999.
[9]交通部.港口工程技术规范.北京：人民交通出版社,1988.
[10]交通部.海港总平面设计规范.北京：人民交通出版社,1999
[11]Edmond E D, Maggs R P. How useful are queue models in port investment Decisions for container berths. Journal of the Operational Research Society,1978, 29 (8):741-750.
[12]Nieolaou S N. Berth planning by evaluation of congestion cost. Journal of Waterways Harbors,1967.
[13]工藤和男.A practical approach to the average waiting time of M/G/S queuing models.港湾技术研究所报告,1972.
[14]Stephen, Wanhill. Further analysis of optimum size seaport. Journal of Waterways Harbors Coastal Engineering Division,1974.
[15]Pasquale Legato, Rina Mazza. Berth planning and resources optimization at a container terminal via discrete event simulation. Europe Journal of Operational Research,2001.
[16]张滨海,石迈.关于确定港口泊位数的几种方法.水运工程,1981.
[17]张一诺.港口通用泊位最佳数量的计算方法.系统工程理论与实践,1983.
[18]赵智邦,江印庭.用排队论推算港口最佳泊位数.水运工程,1982.
[19]鲁子爱.排队论在港口规划中的应用.水运工程,1997.
[20]宋德星.排队论在集装箱码头设计中的应用.水运工程,1995.
[21]鲁子爱,林民标.港口服务系统的计算机仿真研究.河海大学学报,1999.
[22]黄晓鸣,徐小义.排队论在港口规划设计中的应用.青岛大学学报江程技术版),1996.
[23]Lai K K, Shin K. A study of container berth allocation. Journal of Advanced Transportation,1992,26(1):45-60.
[24]Brown G G, Lawphongpanich S., Thurman K P. Optimizing ship berthing. Naval Research Logistics,1994(41):1-15.
[25]Brown G G, Cormican K J, Lawphongpanich S, Widdis D B. Optimizing submarine berthing with a persistence incentive. Naval Research Logistics,1997(44):301-318.
[26]Imai A, Nagaiwa K, Chan W T. Efficient planning of berth allocation for container terminals in Asia. Journal of Advanced Transportation,1997(31):75-94.
[27]Legato P, Mazza R M. Berth planning and resources optimization at a container terminal via discrete event simulation. European Journal of Operational Research, 2001,133(3):537-547.
[28]Imai A, Nishimura E, Papadimitriou S. The dynamic berth allocation problem for a container port. Transportation Research Part B,2001(35):401-417.
[29]Nishimura E, Imai A, Papadimitriou S. Berth allocation planning in the public berth system by genetic algorithms. European Journal of Operational Research, 2001(131):282-292.
[30]Imai A, Nishimura E, Papadimitriou S. Berth allocation with service priority. Transportation Research Part B,2003(37):437-457.
[31]Li C L, Cai X, Lee C Y. Scheduling with multiple-job-on-one-processor pattern. ⅡE Transactions, 1998 (30):433-445.
[32]Guan Y, Xiao W Q, Cheung R K, Li C L. A multiprocessor task scheduling model for berth allocation:heuristic and worst-case analysis. Operations Research Letters, 2002(30):343-350.
[33]Park K T, Kim K H. Berth scheduling for container terminals by using a sub-gradient optimization technique. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 2002(53)1054-1062.
[34]周鹏飞.面向不确定环境的集装箱码头优化调度研究：(博士学位论文).大连：大连理工大学,2005.
[35]张燕涛.基于遗传算法的泊位调度问题优化与仿真：(硕士学位论文).武汉：武汉理工大学,2005.
[36]李平,孙俊情,韩梅.泊位调度问题的GATS混合优化策略.天津理工大学学报,2006.
[37]Haghani A, Kaisar E I. A model for designing container loading plans for containership. Working paper, University of Maryland, Transportation Research Board 2001 Annual meeting,2001.
[38]Dubrovsky 0, Levitin G, Penn M. A genetic algorithm with a compact solution encoding for the container ship stowage problem. Journal of Heuristics,2002.
[39]Peterkofsky R I, Daganzo C-F. A branch and bound solution method for the crane scheduling problem. Transportation Research Part B,1990:159-172.
[40]Daganzo C F. The crane scheduling problem. Transportation Research Part B,1989:159-175.
[41]韩晓龙,丁以中.集装箱港口泊位配置优化.系统工程理论方法应用,2006.
[42]李丽.集装箱码头物流系统仿真研究：(硕士学位论文).武汉：武汉理工大学,2004.
[43]蒋国仁.岸边集装箱起重机.武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,2001.
[44]陆传费.排队论.北京：邮电学院出版社,1994.
[45]孙荣恒,李建.排队论基础.北京：科学出版社,2002.
[46]蔡芸.港口集装箱物流系统仿真和优化方法的研究及应用：(博士学位论文).武汉：武汉理工大学,2002.
[47]胡强.集装箱码头物流系统性能分析与仿真：(硕士学位论文).武汉：武汉理工大学,2005.
[48]孙晓娜,靳志宏.集装箱码头泊位与岸桥协调调度优化.大连海事大学学报,2008.
[49]周鹏飞.面向随机环境的集装箱码头泊位岸桥分配方法.系统工程理论与实践,2008.
[50]许存禄.遗传算法的研究：(硕士学位论文).兰州：兰州铁道学院,2002.
[51]杨红红,吴智铭.混合遗传算法在柔性系统动态调度中的应用研究.信息与控制,2001,30(5)：392-397.
[2]孙凤山.港口发展集装箱物流的优势和途径现代物流.港口经济,2007,33-35.
[3]http://www. oen. eom. en/reports/2006155jizhuangxiang. htm
[4]王鸿鹏.集装箱运输管理.北京：电子工业出版社,2007.
[5]胡玉洲.我国港口物流发展问题思考.中国储运,2007(7)：54-55.
[6]丁以中等.港口集装箱流研究现状与分析.上海海运学院学报,2004,25(2)：45-55.
[7]童永斌.港口拥挤的经济影响及解决方法.世界海运,2006(2)：48-49.
[8]陈家源.港口企业管理学.大连：大连海事大学出版社,1999.
[9]交通部.港口工程技术规范.北京：人民交通出版社,1988.
[10]交通部.海港总平面设计规范.北京：人民交通出版社,1999
[11]Edmond E D, Maggs R P. How useful are queue models in port investment Decisions for container berths. Journal of the Operational Research Society,1978, 29 (8):741-750.
[12]Nieolaou S N. Berth planning by evaluation of congestion cost. Journal of Waterways Harbors,1967.
[13]工藤和男.A practical approach to the average waiting time of M/G/S queuing models.港湾技术研究所报告,1972.
[14]Stephen, Wanhill. Further analysis of optimum size seaport. Journal of Waterways Harbors Coastal Engineering Division,1974.
[15]Pasquale Legato, Rina Mazza. Berth planning and resources optimization at a container terminal via discrete event simulation. Europe Journal of Operational Research,2001.
[16]张滨海,石迈.关于确定港口泊位数的几种方法.水运工程,1981.
[17]张一诺.港口通用泊位最佳数量的计算方法.系统工程理论与实践,1983.
[18]赵智邦,江印庭.用排队论推算港口最佳泊位数.水运工程,1982.
[19]鲁子爱.排队论在港口规划中的应用.水运工程,1997.
[20]宋德星.排队论在集装箱码头设计中的应用.水运工程,1995.
[21]鲁子爱,林民标.港口服务系统的计算机仿真研究.河海大学学报,1999.
[22]黄晓鸣,徐小义.排队论在港口规划设计中的应用.青岛大学学报江程技术版),1996.
[23]Lai K K, Shin K. A study of container berth allocation. Journal of Advanced Transportation,1992,26(1):45-60.
[24]Brown G G, Lawphongpanich S., Thurman K P. Optimizing ship berthing. Naval Research Logistics,1994(41):1-15.
[25]Brown G G, Cormican K J, Lawphongpanich S, Widdis D B. Optimizing submarine berthing with a persistence incentive. Naval Research Logistics,1997(44):301-318.
[26]Imai A, Nagaiwa K, Chan W T. Efficient planning of berth allocation for container terminals in Asia. Journal of Advanced Transportation,1997(31):75-94.
[27]Legato P, Mazza R M. Berth planning and resources optimization at a container terminal via discrete event simulation. European Journal of Operational Research, 2001,133(3):537-547.
[28]Imai A, Nishimura E, Papadimitriou S. The dynamic berth allocation problem for a container port. Transportation Research Part B,2001(35):401-417.
[29]Nishimura E, Imai A, Papadimitriou S. Berth allocation planning in the public berth system by genetic algorithms. European Journal of Operational Research, 2001(131):282-292.
[30]Imai A, Nishimura E, Papadimitriou S. Berth allocation with service priority. Transportation Research Part B,2003(37):437-457.
[31]Li C L, Cai X, Lee C Y. Scheduling with multiple-job-on-one-processor pattern. ⅡE Transactions, 1998 (30):433-445.
[32]Guan Y, Xiao W Q, Cheung R K, Li C L. A multiprocessor task scheduling model for berth allocation:heuristic and worst-case analysis. Operations Research Letters, 2002(30):343-350.
[33]Park K T, Kim K H. Berth scheduling for container terminals by using a sub-gradient optimization technique. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 2002(53)1054-1062.
[34]周鹏飞.面向不确定环境的集装箱码头优化调度研究：(博士学位论文).大连：大连理工大学,2005.
[35]张燕涛.基于遗传算法的泊位调度问题优化与仿真：(硕士学位论文).武汉：武汉理工大学,2005.
[36]李平,孙俊情,韩梅.泊位调度问题的GATS混合优化策略.天津理工大学学报,2006.
[37]Haghani A, Kaisar E I. A model for designing container loading plans for containership. Working paper, University of Maryland, Transportation Research Board 2001 Annual meeting,2001.
[38]Dubrovsky 0, Levitin G, Penn M. A genetic algorithm with a compact solution encoding for the container ship stowage problem. Journal of Heuristics,2002.
[39]Peterkofsky R I, Daganzo C-F. A branch and bound solution method for the crane scheduling problem. Transportation Research Part B,1990:159-172.
[40]Daganzo C F. The crane scheduling problem. Transportation Research Part B,1989:159-175.
[41]韩晓龙,丁以中.集装箱港口泊位配置优化.系统工程理论方法应用,2006.
[42]李丽.集装箱码头物流系统仿真研究：(硕士学位论文).武汉：武汉理工大学,2004.
[43]蒋国仁.岸边集装箱起重机.武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,2001.
[44]陆传费.排队论.北京：邮电学院出版社,1994.
[45]孙荣恒,李建.排队论基础.北京：科学出版社,2002.
[46]蔡芸.港口集装箱物流系统仿真和优化方法的研究及应用：(博士学位论文).武汉：武汉理工大学,2002.
[47]胡强.集装箱码头物流系统性能分析与仿真：(硕士学位论文).武汉：武汉理工大学,2005.
[48]孙晓娜,靳志宏.集装箱码头泊位与岸桥协调调度优化.大连海事大学学报,2008.
[49]周鹏飞.面向随机环境的集装箱码头泊位岸桥分配方法.系统工程理论与实践,2008.
[50]许存禄.遗传算法的研究：(硕士学位论文).兰州：兰州铁道学院,2002.
[51]杨红红,吴智铭.混合遗传算法在柔性系统动态调度中的应用研究.信息与控制,2001,30(5)：392-397.