基于电力电子电路的功率/信号复合传输方法和理论研究
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摘要
本文将电力电子电路与通信技术相结合,在传统的电力电子电路与PWM控制技术基础上,应用数据通信领域的相关技术,提出了利用功率变换电路同时实现功率变换和数字信号传输的方法,并分析了功率变换信号传输在频域和时域的实现方式,即功率/信号频分复合传输和功率/信号时分复合传输。
功率/信号频分复合传输可以通过电力电子电路的功率/信号频分复合调制方法实现。功率/信号频分复合调制在传统的PWM控制基础上,利用开关次谐波作为载波传输数据。功率信号频分复合调制有两种基本方法：PWM/FSK调制和PWM/PSK调制。通过功率/信号频分复合调制,电力电子电路的输入开关纹波和输出开关纹波均包含了数据信息。由于开关纹波信号的幅值与电路拓扑、输入电压、输出电压及负载等因素相关,为保证通信信号的稳定,功率/信号频分复合传输系统应选择开关纹波变化较小的电路拓扑。在恒压输出和负载电流大范围变化的条件下,通过对基本DC、DC拓扑输入纹波与输出纹波的分析,得到如下结论：Boost拓扑适合在输入端实现通信功能；Buck拓扑适合在输出端实现通信功能；Cuk拓扑在输入端或输出端均可实现通信功能；而Buck-Boost在输入端或输出端均不适合。
本文还以Boost电路为例,详细分析了PWM/FSK和PWM/2PSK直序扩频复合调制与解调的实现过程,推导了载波频率和载波形状的选择原则,并分别针对这两种调制方法,设计了相应的数字解调算法,最后通过实验验证了这两种调制方法的正确性。
功率变换电路通过时分方式实现功率变换/信号传输的原理是利用电力电子电路传递能量的间隙,传输数字信号。该方法具有电路结构简单、抗干扰能力强的优点,但是不能实现稳压输出功能。本文将功率/信号时分复合传输系统的传输设备分为供电设备和受电设备,在此基础提出了通用功率/信号时分复合传输系统的设计方法：首先确定功率/信号传输的时序,其次设计供电设备和受电设备的电源电路,最后设计通信电路。根据该方法,给出了几种基本的电源电路和通信电路。
功率/信号时分复合传输系统的应用场合之一是分布式控制系统,传输距离较远,因此必须考虑传输线效应。本文详细分析了功率开关电路串联传输线时的工作过程,理论分析和实验结果均表明,在脉冲电源输出端实现阻抗匹配可以有效改善线路末端的电压波形,但是无法抑制源端的关断反射尖刺。抑制传输线效应的另一种方法是增加脉冲电源输出的上升沿和下降沿时间。本文设计了一种软开关电路,通过调节谐振参数控制输出电压脉冲的上升沿和下降沿时间,以降低传输线效应的不利影响。该电路的传输效果通过实验得到验证。
通信电路必须遵循相应的通信协议,才能实现数据可靠传输。本文分析了时分复合传输系统各层次协议的设计：物理层分析了通信时序设计和传输距离计算；MAC层介绍了采用预约方式和竞争方式的协议设计方法。最后给出了三个应用实例,表明功率/信号时分复合传输方法具有布线方便、实现电路简洁、抗干扰能力强的优点,能适用于多种不同的环境。
This paper combines power electronics with communication technologies and presents a new method of integrating power conversion and digital signal transmission in power converter circuit, which is based on traditional power electronics circuit and PWM control technique. In time domain and frequency domain, the realizations of composite power/signal transmission, which are called power/signal frequency division multiplexing transmission(P/S FDMT) and power/signal time division multiplexing transmission(P/S TDMT), are analyzed.
P/S FDMT system can be realized by power/signal frequency division composite modulation in the power electronic circuit, which is based on traditional PWM control and utilize the switching harmonic as a carrier to transfer data. There are two power/signal frequency division composite modulations:PWM/FSK modulation and PWM/PSK modulation. By composite modulation, the information of the data has been embedded in the input ripple and output ripple of the power supply. For the amplitude of the ripple is varied with the circuit topologies, input voltage, output voltage and load current, so it is essential to choose the topologies that the ripple range is relatively small. In the condition of constant output voltage and wide range of load current, by analyzing the input and output ripple of the basic DC/DC topology, it can be concluded:the input port of Boost circuit is suitable for ripple communication while the output port of Buck circuit is suitable, and the Cuk is suitable in both port while Buck-Boost is unsuitable in both ports.
Take Boost Circuit as an example, this paper made a detailed analysis of the PWM/FSK and PWM/2PSK DSSS modulation. The principles for the selection of carrier frequency and carrier shape are deduced, and the digital demodulation algorithm corresponding to these two methods are designed. Finally, the experimental results verify the correctness of these two proposed methods.
The basic principle of P/S TDMT based on power converter is utilize the gap of power transmission, in which data signal is transmitted. This method has the advantages of simple circuit structure and strong anti-interference capacity, but the output voltage can not be regulated. The equipment in the P/S TDMT system can be divided into two class:power sourcing equipment(PSE) and powered device(PD). A general method of designing a P/S TDMT system is proposed:Firstly, the sequence of the transmission slot in a period should be defined. Secondly, the circuits of sourcing power in PSE and the circuits of sinking power in PD should be determined. Lastly, data communication circuits be added to the PSE and PD. Several basic circuits for sourcing/sinking power and data communication are presented in the paper.
For the instance that P/S TDMT system applied in distributed control system which has long transmission distance, the affections of transmission line should be considered. This paper investigates in detail the transmission process of switching circuit in the environment of transmission line. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that impedance matching in the source can improve the voltage waveform at the end of the line, but unable to suppress the voltage of reflection spike as power turned off. Another way to eliminate the transmission line reflection effect is to increase the rise time and fall time of the pulsed power. A novel soft-switching circuit is employed as PSE sourcing circuit in which the rise time and fall time can be control by resonant time of L and C. The effectiveness of this circuit is verified by experimental result.
To realize reliable data communication, communication circuit must be supported by appropriate communication protocol. This paper has also studied the protocol that suit for P/S TDMT system. In physical layer, the design of communication timing diagram and the calculation of transmission distance is discussed. In MAC layer, reservation-based protocol and competitive protocol are introduced. Finally, three examples applied in different circumstance are given, which show that P/S TDMT system have the advantages of convenient wiring, simple circuits, high anti-interference ability, and can adapt to different application.
功率/信号频分复合传输可以通过电力电子电路的功率/信号频分复合调制方法实现。功率/信号频分复合调制在传统的PWM控制基础上,利用开关次谐波作为载波传输数据。功率信号频分复合调制有两种基本方法：PWM/FSK调制和PWM/PSK调制。通过功率/信号频分复合调制,电力电子电路的输入开关纹波和输出开关纹波均包含了数据信息。由于开关纹波信号的幅值与电路拓扑、输入电压、输出电压及负载等因素相关,为保证通信信号的稳定,功率/信号频分复合传输系统应选择开关纹波变化较小的电路拓扑。在恒压输出和负载电流大范围变化的条件下,通过对基本DC、DC拓扑输入纹波与输出纹波的分析,得到如下结论：Boost拓扑适合在输入端实现通信功能；Buck拓扑适合在输出端实现通信功能；Cuk拓扑在输入端或输出端均可实现通信功能；而Buck-Boost在输入端或输出端均不适合。
本文还以Boost电路为例,详细分析了PWM/FSK和PWM/2PSK直序扩频复合调制与解调的实现过程,推导了载波频率和载波形状的选择原则,并分别针对这两种调制方法,设计了相应的数字解调算法,最后通过实验验证了这两种调制方法的正确性。
功率变换电路通过时分方式实现功率变换/信号传输的原理是利用电力电子电路传递能量的间隙,传输数字信号。该方法具有电路结构简单、抗干扰能力强的优点,但是不能实现稳压输出功能。本文将功率/信号时分复合传输系统的传输设备分为供电设备和受电设备,在此基础提出了通用功率/信号时分复合传输系统的设计方法：首先确定功率/信号传输的时序,其次设计供电设备和受电设备的电源电路,最后设计通信电路。根据该方法,给出了几种基本的电源电路和通信电路。
功率/信号时分复合传输系统的应用场合之一是分布式控制系统,传输距离较远,因此必须考虑传输线效应。本文详细分析了功率开关电路串联传输线时的工作过程,理论分析和实验结果均表明,在脉冲电源输出端实现阻抗匹配可以有效改善线路末端的电压波形,但是无法抑制源端的关断反射尖刺。抑制传输线效应的另一种方法是增加脉冲电源输出的上升沿和下降沿时间。本文设计了一种软开关电路,通过调节谐振参数控制输出电压脉冲的上升沿和下降沿时间,以降低传输线效应的不利影响。该电路的传输效果通过实验得到验证。
通信电路必须遵循相应的通信协议,才能实现数据可靠传输。本文分析了时分复合传输系统各层次协议的设计：物理层分析了通信时序设计和传输距离计算；MAC层介绍了采用预约方式和竞争方式的协议设计方法。最后给出了三个应用实例,表明功率/信号时分复合传输方法具有布线方便、实现电路简洁、抗干扰能力强的优点,能适用于多种不同的环境。
This paper combines power electronics with communication technologies and presents a new method of integrating power conversion and digital signal transmission in power converter circuit, which is based on traditional power electronics circuit and PWM control technique. In time domain and frequency domain, the realizations of composite power/signal transmission, which are called power/signal frequency division multiplexing transmission(P/S FDMT) and power/signal time division multiplexing transmission(P/S TDMT), are analyzed.
P/S FDMT system can be realized by power/signal frequency division composite modulation in the power electronic circuit, which is based on traditional PWM control and utilize the switching harmonic as a carrier to transfer data. There are two power/signal frequency division composite modulations:PWM/FSK modulation and PWM/PSK modulation. By composite modulation, the information of the data has been embedded in the input ripple and output ripple of the power supply. For the amplitude of the ripple is varied with the circuit topologies, input voltage, output voltage and load current, so it is essential to choose the topologies that the ripple range is relatively small. In the condition of constant output voltage and wide range of load current, by analyzing the input and output ripple of the basic DC/DC topology, it can be concluded:the input port of Boost circuit is suitable for ripple communication while the output port of Buck circuit is suitable, and the Cuk is suitable in both port while Buck-Boost is unsuitable in both ports.
Take Boost Circuit as an example, this paper made a detailed analysis of the PWM/FSK and PWM/2PSK DSSS modulation. The principles for the selection of carrier frequency and carrier shape are deduced, and the digital demodulation algorithm corresponding to these two methods are designed. Finally, the experimental results verify the correctness of these two proposed methods.
The basic principle of P/S TDMT based on power converter is utilize the gap of power transmission, in which data signal is transmitted. This method has the advantages of simple circuit structure and strong anti-interference capacity, but the output voltage can not be regulated. The equipment in the P/S TDMT system can be divided into two class:power sourcing equipment(PSE) and powered device(PD). A general method of designing a P/S TDMT system is proposed:Firstly, the sequence of the transmission slot in a period should be defined. Secondly, the circuits of sourcing power in PSE and the circuits of sinking power in PD should be determined. Lastly, data communication circuits be added to the PSE and PD. Several basic circuits for sourcing/sinking power and data communication are presented in the paper.
For the instance that P/S TDMT system applied in distributed control system which has long transmission distance, the affections of transmission line should be considered. This paper investigates in detail the transmission process of switching circuit in the environment of transmission line. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that impedance matching in the source can improve the voltage waveform at the end of the line, but unable to suppress the voltage of reflection spike as power turned off. Another way to eliminate the transmission line reflection effect is to increase the rise time and fall time of the pulsed power. A novel soft-switching circuit is employed as PSE sourcing circuit in which the rise time and fall time can be control by resonant time of L and C. The effectiveness of this circuit is verified by experimental result.
To realize reliable data communication, communication circuit must be supported by appropriate communication protocol. This paper has also studied the protocol that suit for P/S TDMT system. In physical layer, the design of communication timing diagram and the calculation of transmission distance is discussed. In MAC layer, reservation-based protocol and competitive protocol are introduced. Finally, three examples applied in different circumstance are given, which show that P/S TDMT system have the advantages of convenient wiring, simple circuits, high anti-interference ability, and can adapt to different application.
引文
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