南秦岭陡岭杂岩的变质作用及年代学研究
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摘要
陡岭杂岩位于商丹断裂带南侧的南秦岭构造带中,它是夹持于华北、扬子板块边界地体中的一个重要构造单元。作为新元古代-古生代浅变质-未变质地层中的一个结晶基底,陡岭杂岩的形成和演化历史可以为秦岭造山带的演化过程提供重要的信息。由于研究基础薄弱,对这套杂岩的原岩以及变质时代尚未得出结论性的认识。本文从野外调研入手,主要从变质岩石学和同位素年代学方面对陡岭杂岩进行综合研究,这对探讨扬子板块及其周缘的构造演化历史具有重要的意义。
野外调研表明,陡岭杂岩的岩石组合主要为一套中级变质杂岩,由条带状闪长质-花岗质片麻岩(包括角闪斜长片麻岩、黑云斜长片麻岩、斜长片麻岩和二长片麻岩)组成,夹斜长角闪岩、变泥质岩、钙硅酸盐变粒岩和大理岩,其中斜长角闪岩有时与片麻岩呈互层状产出。根据岩石的显微结构特征、矿物之间的共生关系,确定了陡岭杂岩的变质矿物组合及其演化序列。在变泥质岩中出现石榴石、黑云母、十字石、蓝晶石、夕线石、斜长石和石英组合,其中夕线石形成稍晚；在石榴斜长角闪岩中出现石榴石、角闪石、斜长石和石英,晚期则生成绿泥石、绢云母、绿帘石、钠长石等低级变质矿物。我们在变泥质岩和石榴斜长角闪岩中选择多种地质温度计及压力计进行变质作用温压估算,结果显示,这套杂岩的峰期变质条件达到了角闪岩相,其T=650-730。C,P=0.80-1.20GPa,相当于20℃/km的地热梯度。石榴石的进变质环带以及蓝晶石相向夕线石相的转变指示了顺时针演化的P-T轨迹,并在晚期叠加了绿片岩相变质作用。
对陡岭杂岩中不同类型岩石的LA-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年给出两个重要结果。其一占绝对优势的闪长质-花岗质片麻岩的原岩侵位年龄介于2.51-2.47Ga之间,在一个变质沉积岩的碎屑锆石中也得到了一个约2.48Ga的重要峰值,证明在扬子板块北缘存在约2.54-2.47Ga的岩浆活动。由锆石Hf同位素分析获得的εHf(t)值介于-5.5到+0.3之间,计算出的两阶段Hf模式年龄为3.30-2.95Ga。考虑到约3.3-3.2Ga和2.95-2.90Ga是扬子板块地壳两个重要生长时期,我们推测,陡岭杂岩中的闪长质-花岗质片麻岩是扬子板块北缘古-中太古代地壳在约2.5Ga再造的产物,并可能有少量新生地壳的贡献。此外,在变质沉积岩的碎屑锆石中获得了约1.96Ga和1.39Ga两个重要峰值,说明扬子大陆地壳除普遍遭受到古元古代的再造和新元古代地壳生长外,在中元古代也有岩浆作用发生。
其二,在石榴斜长角闪岩和变泥质岩中获得的变质年龄介于820-780Ma之间,同时在一个闪长质片麻岩中获得的变质锆石增生边的年龄为837±8Ma,说明陡岭杂岩的主期角闪岩相变质作用发生在新元古代(840-780Ma),这是我们首次在扬子板块北缘识别出的新元古代变质事件。最新的研究结果表明,扬子板块北缘在新元古代存在广泛的大洋俯冲和岛弧岩浆作用,我们推测这期变质作用可能与这次增生造山事件有关。陡岭杂岩中还广泛发育闪长质-花岗闪长质-花岗质侵入体,它们普遍遭受到晚期变形作用的改造,由3个样品测定的侵入时代为735-705Ma,指示了新元古代岩浆活动的重要性。根据可利用的地球化学资料,陡岭杂岩中的新元古代侵入体属于1型花岗岩,具有岛弧成因特征,因此推断它们应形成于活动大陆边缘环境。
The Douling Complex, one of important geological unites between the North and Yangtze cratons, is located in the South Qinling tectonic belt to the southern side of the Shangdan Fault. This poorly studied complex is a crystalline basement that developed in the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic weakly metamorphosed to non-metamorphosed strata in the South Qinling tectonic belt. Due to inadequate geochronological research and inaccurate age data, no conclusive results could be drawn yet regarding the protolith and metamorphic ages of this complex. In this paper, we present original results of our field investigation, and metamorphic petrological, geochronological studies on the Douling Complex, which is very important for understanding the tectonic evolution of the northern margin of the Yangtze craton.
The detailed investigation in the field reveals that the Douling Complex mainly consists of banded dioritic-granitic gneiss (including amphibole-plagioclase gneiss, biotite-plagioclase gneiss, plagioclase gneiss and two-feldspar gneiss) with intercalated amphibolite, metapelite, calc-silicate rock and marble, where the amphibolite sometimes interbeds with gneiss. Based on microstructure characteristics and co-existing relationship between minerals in the Douling Complex, mineral assemblages and metamorphic evolution were determined. Metapelite mainly comprises garnet, biotite, staurolite, kyanite, sillimanite, plagioclase and quartz, in which sillimanite formed later than other minerals. Amphibolite consists of garnet, amphibole, plagioclase and quartz. Lower-grade minerals such as chlorite, sericite, epidote and albite occurred during retrograde stage. Using conventional geothermobarometeries, P-T conditions of the peak metamorphism was estimated to be650-730℃and0.80-1.10GPa. This suggests that the peak metamorphism of the rocks reaches upper amphibolite facies conditions, equivalent to the geothermic gradient of20℃/km. Compositional zoning of garnet and transition from kyanite facies to sillimanite facies indicate a clockwise P-T path for the rocks.
LA-MC-ICPMS zircon U-Pb dating on different rock types of the Douling Complex has provided two important infromations. Firstly, the protolith emplacement ages of the dominant dioritic-granitic gneisses occurred between2.51-2.47Ga, and an important peak age of～2.48Ga was also obtained for a metasedimentary rock. These geochronological results suggest the occurrence of an igneous event of2.51-2.47Ga at the northern margin of the Yangtze craton. The age-corrected εHf(t) values obtained from in situ zircon Hf isotopic analysis are mainly between-5.5and+0.3, and the corresponding two-stage Hf model ages range from3.30to2.95Ga. Considering two important periods of～3.3-3.2Ga and-2.95-2.90Ga for the continental crustal growth in the Yangtze craton, we infer that the dioritic-granitic gneisses from the Douling Complex are the products of reworking of Palec-to Mesoarchean crust at the northern margin of the Yangtze craton at～2.5Ga. There may be a small contribution from juvenile materials. Meanwhile, detrial zircons from a metasedimentary rock also show two peak ages of-1.96Ga and-1.39Ga, suggesting that the Yangtze craton not only experienced Paleoproterozoic reworking and Neoproterozoic continental crustal growth, but also underwent Mesoproterozoic magmatic activity.
Sencondly, the metamorphic ages of820-780Ma were obtained for garnet amphibolites and metapelites, and an age of837±8Ma on zircon overgrowth rims was also obtained for a amphibole-plagioclase gneiss. This suggests that the main phase amphibolite facies metamorphism of the Douling Complex occurred during the Neoproterozoic (840-780Ma), which is still unreported from the Yangtze craton. The more recent research indicates that widespread arc magmatism related to oceanic subduction may have occurred at the northern margin of the Yangtze craton, we hence infer that this metamorphism is associated with this accretionary orogenic event. Futhermore, the Douling Complex was intruded by voluminous diorite, granodiorite and granite intrusives, which are generally subjected to late deformation. Three diorite, granodiorite and granite samples yielded protolith ages of735-705Ma, indicating the importance igneous event during the Neoproterozoic. Based on the available geochemical data, these Neoproterozoic intrusives may have formed in an active continental margin setting.
野外调研表明,陡岭杂岩的岩石组合主要为一套中级变质杂岩,由条带状闪长质-花岗质片麻岩(包括角闪斜长片麻岩、黑云斜长片麻岩、斜长片麻岩和二长片麻岩)组成,夹斜长角闪岩、变泥质岩、钙硅酸盐变粒岩和大理岩,其中斜长角闪岩有时与片麻岩呈互层状产出。根据岩石的显微结构特征、矿物之间的共生关系,确定了陡岭杂岩的变质矿物组合及其演化序列。在变泥质岩中出现石榴石、黑云母、十字石、蓝晶石、夕线石、斜长石和石英组合,其中夕线石形成稍晚；在石榴斜长角闪岩中出现石榴石、角闪石、斜长石和石英,晚期则生成绿泥石、绢云母、绿帘石、钠长石等低级变质矿物。我们在变泥质岩和石榴斜长角闪岩中选择多种地质温度计及压力计进行变质作用温压估算,结果显示,这套杂岩的峰期变质条件达到了角闪岩相,其T=650-730。C,P=0.80-1.20GPa,相当于20℃/km的地热梯度。石榴石的进变质环带以及蓝晶石相向夕线石相的转变指示了顺时针演化的P-T轨迹,并在晚期叠加了绿片岩相变质作用。
对陡岭杂岩中不同类型岩石的LA-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年给出两个重要结果。其一占绝对优势的闪长质-花岗质片麻岩的原岩侵位年龄介于2.51-2.47Ga之间,在一个变质沉积岩的碎屑锆石中也得到了一个约2.48Ga的重要峰值,证明在扬子板块北缘存在约2.54-2.47Ga的岩浆活动。由锆石Hf同位素分析获得的εHf(t)值介于-5.5到+0.3之间,计算出的两阶段Hf模式年龄为3.30-2.95Ga。考虑到约3.3-3.2Ga和2.95-2.90Ga是扬子板块地壳两个重要生长时期,我们推测,陡岭杂岩中的闪长质-花岗质片麻岩是扬子板块北缘古-中太古代地壳在约2.5Ga再造的产物,并可能有少量新生地壳的贡献。此外,在变质沉积岩的碎屑锆石中获得了约1.96Ga和1.39Ga两个重要峰值,说明扬子大陆地壳除普遍遭受到古元古代的再造和新元古代地壳生长外,在中元古代也有岩浆作用发生。
其二,在石榴斜长角闪岩和变泥质岩中获得的变质年龄介于820-780Ma之间,同时在一个闪长质片麻岩中获得的变质锆石增生边的年龄为837±8Ma,说明陡岭杂岩的主期角闪岩相变质作用发生在新元古代(840-780Ma),这是我们首次在扬子板块北缘识别出的新元古代变质事件。最新的研究结果表明,扬子板块北缘在新元古代存在广泛的大洋俯冲和岛弧岩浆作用,我们推测这期变质作用可能与这次增生造山事件有关。陡岭杂岩中还广泛发育闪长质-花岗闪长质-花岗质侵入体,它们普遍遭受到晚期变形作用的改造,由3个样品测定的侵入时代为735-705Ma,指示了新元古代岩浆活动的重要性。根据可利用的地球化学资料,陡岭杂岩中的新元古代侵入体属于1型花岗岩,具有岛弧成因特征,因此推断它们应形成于活动大陆边缘环境。
The Douling Complex, one of important geological unites between the North and Yangtze cratons, is located in the South Qinling tectonic belt to the southern side of the Shangdan Fault. This poorly studied complex is a crystalline basement that developed in the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic weakly metamorphosed to non-metamorphosed strata in the South Qinling tectonic belt. Due to inadequate geochronological research and inaccurate age data, no conclusive results could be drawn yet regarding the protolith and metamorphic ages of this complex. In this paper, we present original results of our field investigation, and metamorphic petrological, geochronological studies on the Douling Complex, which is very important for understanding the tectonic evolution of the northern margin of the Yangtze craton.
The detailed investigation in the field reveals that the Douling Complex mainly consists of banded dioritic-granitic gneiss (including amphibole-plagioclase gneiss, biotite-plagioclase gneiss, plagioclase gneiss and two-feldspar gneiss) with intercalated amphibolite, metapelite, calc-silicate rock and marble, where the amphibolite sometimes interbeds with gneiss. Based on microstructure characteristics and co-existing relationship between minerals in the Douling Complex, mineral assemblages and metamorphic evolution were determined. Metapelite mainly comprises garnet, biotite, staurolite, kyanite, sillimanite, plagioclase and quartz, in which sillimanite formed later than other minerals. Amphibolite consists of garnet, amphibole, plagioclase and quartz. Lower-grade minerals such as chlorite, sericite, epidote and albite occurred during retrograde stage. Using conventional geothermobarometeries, P-T conditions of the peak metamorphism was estimated to be650-730℃and0.80-1.10GPa. This suggests that the peak metamorphism of the rocks reaches upper amphibolite facies conditions, equivalent to the geothermic gradient of20℃/km. Compositional zoning of garnet and transition from kyanite facies to sillimanite facies indicate a clockwise P-T path for the rocks.
LA-MC-ICPMS zircon U-Pb dating on different rock types of the Douling Complex has provided two important infromations. Firstly, the protolith emplacement ages of the dominant dioritic-granitic gneisses occurred between2.51-2.47Ga, and an important peak age of～2.48Ga was also obtained for a metasedimentary rock. These geochronological results suggest the occurrence of an igneous event of2.51-2.47Ga at the northern margin of the Yangtze craton. The age-corrected εHf(t) values obtained from in situ zircon Hf isotopic analysis are mainly between-5.5and+0.3, and the corresponding two-stage Hf model ages range from3.30to2.95Ga. Considering two important periods of～3.3-3.2Ga and-2.95-2.90Ga for the continental crustal growth in the Yangtze craton, we infer that the dioritic-granitic gneisses from the Douling Complex are the products of reworking of Palec-to Mesoarchean crust at the northern margin of the Yangtze craton at～2.5Ga. There may be a small contribution from juvenile materials. Meanwhile, detrial zircons from a metasedimentary rock also show two peak ages of-1.96Ga and-1.39Ga, suggesting that the Yangtze craton not only experienced Paleoproterozoic reworking and Neoproterozoic continental crustal growth, but also underwent Mesoproterozoic magmatic activity.
Sencondly, the metamorphic ages of820-780Ma were obtained for garnet amphibolites and metapelites, and an age of837±8Ma on zircon overgrowth rims was also obtained for a amphibole-plagioclase gneiss. This suggests that the main phase amphibolite facies metamorphism of the Douling Complex occurred during the Neoproterozoic (840-780Ma), which is still unreported from the Yangtze craton. The more recent research indicates that widespread arc magmatism related to oceanic subduction may have occurred at the northern margin of the Yangtze craton, we hence infer that this metamorphism is associated with this accretionary orogenic event. Futhermore, the Douling Complex was intruded by voluminous diorite, granodiorite and granite intrusives, which are generally subjected to late deformation. Three diorite, granodiorite and granite samples yielded protolith ages of735-705Ma, indicating the importance igneous event during the Neoproterozoic. Based on the available geochemical data, these Neoproterozoic intrusives may have formed in an active continental margin setting.
引文
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