基于人工生命的城市网络疏散系统及其模拟
|
摘要
随着我国国民经济和城市化的发展，城市交通问题越来越严重。对城市交通网络进行交通疏散的计算机模拟，为安全、有序、有效的维护城市交通安全提供指导，成为了当前的研究热点。
人工生命是一门新兴的学科，细胞自动机是人工生命的重要研究方法。细胞自动机是进行计算机模拟的很好方法。
本文创新点在于研究人工生命的细胞自动机理论和交通流理论的基础上，建立了城市交通网络疏散系统的模型：用细胞自动机模拟了城市交通网络疏散系统。对交通组织和管理具有重要的理论和实践指导意义。
全文分为五个部分：第一部分从人工生命的概念和意义、理论基础、研究思想以及研究内容和实现技术方面进行了论述。第二部分介绍了细胞自动机的概念、经典细胞自动机、细胞自动机的构成、细胞自动机的分类和细胞自动机在各个领域中的应用。第三部分论述了交通流理论与细胞自动机。第四部分对城市交通堵塞动力学进行了研究。第五部分是计算机模拟城市交通疏散系统，对模拟结果进行总结。
With China's national economy and the development of urbanization, urban transport problem is getting worse. The research and computer simulation on urban traffic flow give for guidance of city traffic organization and city traffic management, which have been the current research hotspot.
Artificial life is a rising science. Cellular automata is an important research method on artificial life. Computer simulation is a good method with cellular automata.
The creativity of this thesis lies in two points. Firstly, we have created a model to simulate traffic flow based on artificial life theory, cellular automata theory and traffic flow theory. Secondly, we have simulated the system of urban traffic flow. It have theoretical and practical significance for traffic organization and traffic management.
The thesis is divided into five parts. The first part discusses from the concept and the significance, the basis of theory, the thinking of research, the content of research and the implementation of technology on Artificial Life. The second part discusses from the cellular automata concept, classic cellular automata, cellular automata composition, cellular automata classification and cellular automata application in various fields. The third part discusses from the traffic flow theory and cellular automata. The forth part, urban traffic congestion kinetics is studied. The system of urban traffic flow is simulated in the fifth part, where the simulation results are summed up.
人工生命是一门新兴的学科，细胞自动机是人工生命的重要研究方法。细胞自动机是进行计算机模拟的很好方法。
本文创新点在于研究人工生命的细胞自动机理论和交通流理论的基础上，建立了城市交通网络疏散系统的模型：用细胞自动机模拟了城市交通网络疏散系统。对交通组织和管理具有重要的理论和实践指导意义。
全文分为五个部分：第一部分从人工生命的概念和意义、理论基础、研究思想以及研究内容和实现技术方面进行了论述。第二部分介绍了细胞自动机的概念、经典细胞自动机、细胞自动机的构成、细胞自动机的分类和细胞自动机在各个领域中的应用。第三部分论述了交通流理论与细胞自动机。第四部分对城市交通堵塞动力学进行了研究。第五部分是计算机模拟城市交通疏散系统，对模拟结果进行总结。
With China's national economy and the development of urbanization, urban transport problem is getting worse. The research and computer simulation on urban traffic flow give for guidance of city traffic organization and city traffic management, which have been the current research hotspot.
Artificial life is a rising science. Cellular automata is an important research method on artificial life. Computer simulation is a good method with cellular automata.
The creativity of this thesis lies in two points. Firstly, we have created a model to simulate traffic flow based on artificial life theory, cellular automata theory and traffic flow theory. Secondly, we have simulated the system of urban traffic flow. It have theoretical and practical significance for traffic organization and traffic management.
The thesis is divided into five parts. The first part discusses from the concept and the significance, the basis of theory, the thinking of research, the content of research and the implementation of technology on Artificial Life. The second part discusses from the cellular automata concept, classic cellular automata, cellular automata composition, cellular automata classification and cellular automata application in various fields. The third part discusses from the traffic flow theory and cellular automata. The forth part, urban traffic congestion kinetics is studied. The system of urban traffic flow is simulated in the fifth part, where the simulation results are summed up.
引文
[1] 杨国为，人工生命模型．北京：科学出版社，2005
[2] 涂序彦，广义人工生命的研究、开发及应用．中国人工智能进展(2003)，北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2003
[3] C.G.Langton,Artificial Life: Volume Ⅵ of SFI Studies of Complexity. MA:Addison-Wesley,1989
[4] 张永光，“人工生命”研究进展．中国科学院院刊，2000，3
[5] 史忠植、莫纯欢，人工生命．计算机研究与发展，1995，32(12)：1～9
[6] 何丹，基于细胞自动机的会场退场动态模拟．南昌大学硕士学位论文，2004
[7] Von Neuman. J. ,Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata. edited by A. W. Burks(University of Illimois,Urbana),1966
[8] Ulam S.,"Some ideas and prospects in biomathematics".Ann.Rev.Bio.,255
[9] 阮晓钢，模拟城市交通系统的细胞自动机的研究．北京工业大学硕士学位论文，2001
[10] Pipes LA,An operational analysis of traffic dynamics. J Appl Phy,1953,24:274～281
[11] Lighthill MJ,Whitham GB,On Kinematic waves. Ⅰ. Flow movement in long rivers; Ⅱ. A theory of traffic flow on long crowded road. Proc Roy Soc A, 1955,229:281～345
[12] Prigogine I ,Herman R, Kinetic Theory of Vehicular Traffic.Amsterdam:Elsevier,1971
[13] Kerner B. S.,Three-phase traffic theory and highway capacity[J]. Physica A, 2004,333:379～440
[14] D. Wolf., Cellular automata for traffic simulations.Physica A, 263:438-451,1999
[15] P.Wagner, K.Nagel, and D.E. Wolf. Realistic multi-lane traffic rules for cellular automata.Physica A, 234:687-698,1997
[16] M. Fukui and Y. Ishibashi, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 65, 1868(1996)
[17] A.Schadschneider and M.Schreckenberg , Cellular automaton models and traffic flow , Physica A,26,1993
[18] 刘永欣，基于细胞自动机的交通流研究，西南交通大学硕士学位论文，2003
[19] www.transims.net
[20] 约翰L．卡斯蒂，虚实世界[M]，王千祥、权利宁译，上海：上海科技教育出版社，1998
[21] Josha M. Epstein and Robert L. Axtell, Growing Artificial Societies, Brookings Institution Press MIT Press, 1996
[22] 刘娟、李伟刚译，仿脑[M]，长沙：湖南科学技术出版社，2001，1～249
[23] 涂晓媛，人工鱼[M]，北京：清华大学出版社，2001
[24] 王小平、曹立明，遗传算法——理论、应用与软件实现，西安交通大学出版社，2002
[25] 涂序彦、尹怡欣，人工生命及应用，北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2004
[26] 李伟才，细胞自动机及复杂系统的时空演化模拟，武汉：华中理工大学博士论文，1997
[27] 张传武，细胞自动机及其理论研究进展，贵州大学学报，8(2004)，pp289-292
[28] 曹伟，细胞自动机与计算机模拟，丹东纺专学报，2005
[29] Langton C.,Computation at the Edge of Chaos[J],Physica D,1990,42:12～37
[30] S.Wolfram, Theory and Application of Cellular Automata[M],World Scientific,Singapore,1986
[31] S. Wolfram, Statistical Mechanics of Cellullar Automata, Reviews of Modern Physics, 55(3) :601～644 July 1983
[32] Karafyllidis I, Hagouel P I, Thanailakis A, et al. An efficient photoresist development simulator based on cellular automata with experimental verification. IEEE Trans Semicond Manuf, 2000, 13(1): 61—75
[33] 李伟、何东之、李润梅，基于Multi-Agent的多车道交通流的分布式仿真研究，计算机仿真,2005，Vol．22 No．2 pp．191-194
[34] 交通工程手册[M]．交通工程委员会，北京：人民交通出版社，1998
[35] [美]丹尼尔L．鸠洛夫马休丁．休伯著，交通流理论，蒋璜、肖秋生等译，北京：人民交通出版社,1983
[36] Nathan Gartner, Carroll J. Messer, Ajay K. Rathi, Monograph on Traffic Flow Theory[M],US,1996
[37] C. G. Langton,ed,Artificial LIFE,The proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop on the synthesis and simulation of living systems. Los Alamos,New Mexico,1987
[38] 艾迪明，陈泓娟，班晓娟等，人工生命概述，计算机工程与应用，2002
[39] 喻海飞、汪定伟，人工生命研究综述，信息与工程，2004
[40] 刘建勤．，人工生命与基因组可视化[J]．中国图像图形学报，1998，3(6)：518-522．
[41] 李建会，人工生命：探索新的生命形式[J]．自然辩证法研究，2001，17(7)：1～5．
[42] Allen T. F,Starr T. B., Hierarchy [M]. Chicago : University of Chicago Press,1982.
[43] M. Gardner, The Fantastic Combinations of John Conway's New Solitaire Game "Life",Scientific American, pages 120～123, October 1970
[44] Reynolds C W., Flocks , herds , and schools : a distributed behavioral model [J] . Computer Graphics , 1987 , 21(4) : 7～10.
[45] Burks A.,Essay on Cellular Automata[M].Illinios University Press, 1970, Ⅰ～Ⅸ
[46] 谭跃进、高世揖、周曼殊，系统学原理，长沙：国防科技大学出版社，1996
[47] 崔异，细胞自动机研究及应用，西南交通大学硕士论文，2006
[48] http://cell-auto, com/neighbourhood/margolus
[49] 史忠植，高级人工智能，北京：科学出版社，1998
[50] 谢惠民，非线性科学丛书：复杂性与动力系统，上海科技教育出版社，1994
[51] Amoroso, S. and Patt, Y., Decision Procedures for Surjectivity and Injectivity of Parallel Maps for Tessellation Structures, J. Computer System Sci.. 6, 448-464, 1972.
[52] Howard A. Gutowitz, editor, Cellular Automata: theory and experiment: Proceedings, Los Alamos September 9-12, 1989 (Physica D 45). MIT Press. 1990
[53] Bays, C., Classification of Semitotalistic Cellular Automata in Three Dimensions, Complex Systems,(2), 1988
[54] 蒋瓒、任福田等译，《交通流理论》，人民交通出版社，1983
[55] Nagel K. ,Schreckenberg M. ,A cellular automation for freeway traffic[J]. JPhys (France), 1992, 2:2221
[56] http://traffic, comphys, uni-duisburg, de.
[57] A.Reuschel,Osterreichisches Ingenieur-Archiv 4,193 (1985); A.Reuschel,Z. Oster, Ing. Arch. Vereines 95,59(1950)
[58] K.Nagel, Particle hopping models and traffic flow theory, Los Alamos Unclassifiee Report 95:2908, phys.Rev.E,1995
[59] K.Nagel,C.Kayatz, and P. Wagner, Breakdown and revery in traffic flow models,In Y. Sugiyama et al ,editor, Traffic and granular flow '01,Springger, Heidelberg
[60] Kai Nagel and steel Rasmussen,traffic at the edge of chaos,ARTIFICIAL LIFE,pp.222-235,1994
[61] K. Nagel, From partical hopping models to traffic flow theory, Transportation Research Records,1644:1-9,1999
[62] D.Helbing , Empirical traffic data and their implications for traffic modeling , Phys. Rev.E,55,R55,R25(1997)
[63] Nagatani , T. ,"Self Organization and Phase Trasition in the Traffic Flow Model of a Two-Lane Roadway,"Journal of Physics A, Vol.26,pp.781-787,1993
[64] B.S. Kerner and H. Rehborn ,Phys.Rev.E53,R1297(1996)
[65] B.S.Kerner and H. Rehborn, Phys. Rev.E 53,R4275(1996)
[66] 王秉宏、毛丹、王雷、徐伯铭，交通流中的自组织临界性研究[J]，广西师范大学学报，2002，20(1)．pp．35-60,1994
[67] J. M. Castillo,P.Pintado and F.G.Benitez,the reaction time of drivers and the stability of traffic flow,Transpn.Res.B.VOL.28B,No. 1,pp.35-60,1994
[68] Shin-ichi Tadaki and Macoto Kikuchi Self-organization in a two-dimensional cellular automaton model of traffic flow J.Phys.Soc.Jpn,64(1995),pp.4504-4508
[69] B.H.Wang and P.M.Hui One-dimensional traffic flow problems:a microscope approach J.Phys.Soc.Jpn,66(1997),pp.1238-1241
[70] Satishi Yukawa and Macoto Kikuchi Density Fluctuations in traffic flow J.Phys.Soc.Jpn,65(1996)pp.916-919
[71] 冯威东、贺国强、刘豹，基于自组织理论的交通流初步研究，[J]系统工程学报，13(1998)，PP．104-108
[72] 李作敏 等，高速公路交通流分形特性分析，[J]中国公路学报，13(3)82-85，2000
[2] 涂序彦，广义人工生命的研究、开发及应用．中国人工智能进展(2003)，北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2003
[3] C.G.Langton,Artificial Life: Volume Ⅵ of SFI Studies of Complexity. MA:Addison-Wesley,1989
[4] 张永光，“人工生命”研究进展．中国科学院院刊，2000，3
[5] 史忠植、莫纯欢，人工生命．计算机研究与发展，1995，32(12)：1～9
[6] 何丹，基于细胞自动机的会场退场动态模拟．南昌大学硕士学位论文，2004
[7] Von Neuman. J. ,Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata. edited by A. W. Burks(University of Illimois,Urbana),1966
[8] Ulam S.,"Some ideas and prospects in biomathematics".Ann.Rev.Bio.,255
[9] 阮晓钢，模拟城市交通系统的细胞自动机的研究．北京工业大学硕士学位论文，2001
[10] Pipes LA,An operational analysis of traffic dynamics. J Appl Phy,1953,24:274～281
[11] Lighthill MJ,Whitham GB,On Kinematic waves. Ⅰ. Flow movement in long rivers; Ⅱ. A theory of traffic flow on long crowded road. Proc Roy Soc A, 1955,229:281～345
[12] Prigogine I ,Herman R, Kinetic Theory of Vehicular Traffic.Amsterdam:Elsevier,1971
[13] Kerner B. S.,Three-phase traffic theory and highway capacity[J]. Physica A, 2004,333:379～440
[14] D. Wolf., Cellular automata for traffic simulations.Physica A, 263:438-451,1999
[15] P.Wagner, K.Nagel, and D.E. Wolf. Realistic multi-lane traffic rules for cellular automata.Physica A, 234:687-698,1997
[16] M. Fukui and Y. Ishibashi, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 65, 1868(1996)
[17] A.Schadschneider and M.Schreckenberg , Cellular automaton models and traffic flow , Physica A,26,1993
[18] 刘永欣，基于细胞自动机的交通流研究，西南交通大学硕士学位论文，2003
[19] www.transims.net
[20] 约翰L．卡斯蒂，虚实世界[M]，王千祥、权利宁译，上海：上海科技教育出版社，1998
[21] Josha M. Epstein and Robert L. Axtell, Growing Artificial Societies, Brookings Institution Press MIT Press, 1996
[22] 刘娟、李伟刚译，仿脑[M]，长沙：湖南科学技术出版社，2001，1～249
[23] 涂晓媛，人工鱼[M]，北京：清华大学出版社，2001
[24] 王小平、曹立明，遗传算法——理论、应用与软件实现，西安交通大学出版社，2002
[25] 涂序彦、尹怡欣，人工生命及应用，北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2004
[26] 李伟才，细胞自动机及复杂系统的时空演化模拟，武汉：华中理工大学博士论文，1997
[27] 张传武，细胞自动机及其理论研究进展，贵州大学学报，8(2004)，pp289-292
[28] 曹伟，细胞自动机与计算机模拟，丹东纺专学报，2005
[29] Langton C.,Computation at the Edge of Chaos[J],Physica D,1990,42:12～37
[30] S.Wolfram, Theory and Application of Cellular Automata[M],World Scientific,Singapore,1986
[31] S. Wolfram, Statistical Mechanics of Cellullar Automata, Reviews of Modern Physics, 55(3) :601～644 July 1983
[32] Karafyllidis I, Hagouel P I, Thanailakis A, et al. An efficient photoresist development simulator based on cellular automata with experimental verification. IEEE Trans Semicond Manuf, 2000, 13(1): 61—75
[33] 李伟、何东之、李润梅，基于Multi-Agent的多车道交通流的分布式仿真研究，计算机仿真,2005，Vol．22 No．2 pp．191-194
[34] 交通工程手册[M]．交通工程委员会，北京：人民交通出版社，1998
[35] [美]丹尼尔L．鸠洛夫马休丁．休伯著，交通流理论，蒋璜、肖秋生等译，北京：人民交通出版社,1983
[36] Nathan Gartner, Carroll J. Messer, Ajay K. Rathi, Monograph on Traffic Flow Theory[M],US,1996
[37] C. G. Langton,ed,Artificial LIFE,The proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop on the synthesis and simulation of living systems. Los Alamos,New Mexico,1987
[38] 艾迪明，陈泓娟，班晓娟等，人工生命概述，计算机工程与应用，2002
[39] 喻海飞、汪定伟，人工生命研究综述，信息与工程，2004
[40] 刘建勤．，人工生命与基因组可视化[J]．中国图像图形学报，1998，3(6)：518-522．
[41] 李建会，人工生命：探索新的生命形式[J]．自然辩证法研究，2001，17(7)：1～5．
[42] Allen T. F,Starr T. B., Hierarchy [M]. Chicago : University of Chicago Press,1982.
[43] M. Gardner, The Fantastic Combinations of John Conway's New Solitaire Game "Life",Scientific American, pages 120～123, October 1970
[44] Reynolds C W., Flocks , herds , and schools : a distributed behavioral model [J] . Computer Graphics , 1987 , 21(4) : 7～10.
[45] Burks A.,Essay on Cellular Automata[M].Illinios University Press, 1970, Ⅰ～Ⅸ
[46] 谭跃进、高世揖、周曼殊，系统学原理，长沙：国防科技大学出版社，1996
[47] 崔异，细胞自动机研究及应用，西南交通大学硕士论文，2006
[48] http://cell-auto, com/neighbourhood/margolus
[49] 史忠植，高级人工智能，北京：科学出版社，1998
[50] 谢惠民，非线性科学丛书：复杂性与动力系统，上海科技教育出版社，1994
[51] Amoroso, S. and Patt, Y., Decision Procedures for Surjectivity and Injectivity of Parallel Maps for Tessellation Structures, J. Computer System Sci.. 6, 448-464, 1972.
[52] Howard A. Gutowitz, editor, Cellular Automata: theory and experiment: Proceedings, Los Alamos September 9-12, 1989 (Physica D 45). MIT Press. 1990
[53] Bays, C., Classification of Semitotalistic Cellular Automata in Three Dimensions, Complex Systems,(2), 1988
[54] 蒋瓒、任福田等译，《交通流理论》，人民交通出版社，1983
[55] Nagel K. ,Schreckenberg M. ,A cellular automation for freeway traffic[J]. JPhys (France), 1992, 2:2221
[56] http://traffic, comphys, uni-duisburg, de.
[57] A.Reuschel,Osterreichisches Ingenieur-Archiv 4,193 (1985); A.Reuschel,Z. Oster, Ing. Arch. Vereines 95,59(1950)
[58] K.Nagel, Particle hopping models and traffic flow theory, Los Alamos Unclassifiee Report 95:2908, phys.Rev.E,1995
[59] K.Nagel,C.Kayatz, and P. Wagner, Breakdown and revery in traffic flow models,In Y. Sugiyama et al ,editor, Traffic and granular flow '01,Springger, Heidelberg
[60] Kai Nagel and steel Rasmussen,traffic at the edge of chaos,ARTIFICIAL LIFE,pp.222-235,1994
[61] K. Nagel, From partical hopping models to traffic flow theory, Transportation Research Records,1644:1-9,1999
[62] D.Helbing , Empirical traffic data and their implications for traffic modeling , Phys. Rev.E,55,R55,R25(1997)
[63] Nagatani , T. ,"Self Organization and Phase Trasition in the Traffic Flow Model of a Two-Lane Roadway,"Journal of Physics A, Vol.26,pp.781-787,1993
[64] B.S. Kerner and H. Rehborn ,Phys.Rev.E53,R1297(1996)
[65] B.S.Kerner and H. Rehborn, Phys. Rev.E 53,R4275(1996)
[66] 王秉宏、毛丹、王雷、徐伯铭，交通流中的自组织临界性研究[J]，广西师范大学学报，2002，20(1)．pp．35-60,1994
[67] J. M. Castillo,P.Pintado and F.G.Benitez,the reaction time of drivers and the stability of traffic flow,Transpn.Res.B.VOL.28B,No. 1,pp.35-60,1994
[68] Shin-ichi Tadaki and Macoto Kikuchi Self-organization in a two-dimensional cellular automaton model of traffic flow J.Phys.Soc.Jpn,64(1995),pp.4504-4508
[69] B.H.Wang and P.M.Hui One-dimensional traffic flow problems:a microscope approach J.Phys.Soc.Jpn,66(1997),pp.1238-1241
[70] Satishi Yukawa and Macoto Kikuchi Density Fluctuations in traffic flow J.Phys.Soc.Jpn,65(1996)pp.916-919
[71] 冯威东、贺国强、刘豹，基于自组织理论的交通流初步研究，[J]系统工程学报，13(1998)，PP．104-108
[72] 李作敏 等，高速公路交通流分形特性分析，[J]中国公路学报，13(3)82-85，2000