含大规模风电的互联系统的负荷频率控制
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摘要
随着能源的日益枯竭和环境的不断恶化,风能得到了大力的发展,它所产生的大量风电并入电力系统,成为一种重要的消纳方式。由于风电功率具有波动特性,其大规模接入电网易引起系统频率的波动,进而增加了调频和运行调度等的负担。为确保系统频率的稳定性和安全性,有必要研究风电大规模并网给系统频率带来的影响并设计出能适应波动性风电接入的负荷频率控制器。本文主要从以下几个方面进行了研究。
1)在分析风速模型、风机模型的基础上,模拟了一段时间内的风速变化和风电场输出特性,并将该风电场输出作为负的负载波动接入系统中,实现了风电与系统的结合。
2)研究了系统各部分的动态数学模型,确定了系统的控制对象和控制模式,并且通过仿真讨论了控制系统的参数、模式组合及非线性特性对负荷频率控制效果的影响,从而构建了一个较合理的两区域互联系统的LFC模型。
3)鉴于智能控制策略较好的自适应和处理非线性系统的能力,将粒子群算法和模糊控制引入到传统的控制器中,其中对标准的粒子群算法进行了改进,提高了该算法性能；将模糊控制与比例积分控制相结合,充分发挥两者的优势。
在MATLAB/Simulink仿真环境中,针对一个构建的含风电的两区域互联系统,在不含负荷频率控制、含传统的负荷频率控制和含改进后的负荷频率控制三种情况下进行了仿真,通过观察两区域的频率和联络线交换功率变化等动态响应情况,一方面验证了负荷频率控制的必要性,及其在含大规模风电接入的系统中的频率控制能力和作用,’另一方面显示了改进后控制器在抑制频率波动方面的可行性和优越性。
Faced to the serious situation of energy and environment, wind power developed fast in the past years, large amount of wind power integrated to the main grid is one of important ways. As the fluctuation characteristics of wind power, its output causes the fluctuations of frequency, thereby gives challenge to the main grid in frequency management and operation scheduling. In order that frequency is within permitted range, the effect of wind power on frequency should be researched and load frequency controller must be designed to adapt to the fluctuation resulted by injected wind power. The main followings contents are researched in this thesis.
1) Based on the mode of wind speed and generator, the wind power output is simulated based on the MATLAB, which is handled as a negative load fluctuation for the interconnected system, realizing the combination of wind power and system.
2) The dynamic model of system is analyzed, the control object and control mode are defined. Moreover, how the parameters of LFC, combination of control mode and the nonlinear characteristics of some modules influence the control results are discussed, following these, a more reasonable LFC model of an interconnected system with two regions is described.
3) In view of the better adaptivity of intelligent control strategy and its ability to handle nonlinear systems, particle swarm intelligent control and fuzzy control are introduced to the traditional controller. In order to futher improve the performance of frequency control, the standard particle swarm algorithm is modified; fuzzy control and PI control are combined.
Then an inter-connected power system with large scale of wind power integrated is researched, three calculation schemes, i.e with no LFC, with the traditional LFC and with the improved LFC are simulated based on the MATLAB/Simulink. The results shows that LFC is necessary to deal with the greater fluctuation came from the inputted wind power, and the advanced controllers with fuzzy control strategy and with PSO optimization control have better control.
1)在分析风速模型、风机模型的基础上,模拟了一段时间内的风速变化和风电场输出特性,并将该风电场输出作为负的负载波动接入系统中,实现了风电与系统的结合。
2)研究了系统各部分的动态数学模型,确定了系统的控制对象和控制模式,并且通过仿真讨论了控制系统的参数、模式组合及非线性特性对负荷频率控制效果的影响,从而构建了一个较合理的两区域互联系统的LFC模型。
3)鉴于智能控制策略较好的自适应和处理非线性系统的能力,将粒子群算法和模糊控制引入到传统的控制器中,其中对标准的粒子群算法进行了改进,提高了该算法性能；将模糊控制与比例积分控制相结合,充分发挥两者的优势。
在MATLAB/Simulink仿真环境中,针对一个构建的含风电的两区域互联系统,在不含负荷频率控制、含传统的负荷频率控制和含改进后的负荷频率控制三种情况下进行了仿真,通过观察两区域的频率和联络线交换功率变化等动态响应情况,一方面验证了负荷频率控制的必要性,及其在含大规模风电接入的系统中的频率控制能力和作用,’另一方面显示了改进后控制器在抑制频率波动方面的可行性和优越性。
Faced to the serious situation of energy and environment, wind power developed fast in the past years, large amount of wind power integrated to the main grid is one of important ways. As the fluctuation characteristics of wind power, its output causes the fluctuations of frequency, thereby gives challenge to the main grid in frequency management and operation scheduling. In order that frequency is within permitted range, the effect of wind power on frequency should be researched and load frequency controller must be designed to adapt to the fluctuation resulted by injected wind power. The main followings contents are researched in this thesis.
1) Based on the mode of wind speed and generator, the wind power output is simulated based on the MATLAB, which is handled as a negative load fluctuation for the interconnected system, realizing the combination of wind power and system.
2) The dynamic model of system is analyzed, the control object and control mode are defined. Moreover, how the parameters of LFC, combination of control mode and the nonlinear characteristics of some modules influence the control results are discussed, following these, a more reasonable LFC model of an interconnected system with two regions is described.
3) In view of the better adaptivity of intelligent control strategy and its ability to handle nonlinear systems, particle swarm intelligent control and fuzzy control are introduced to the traditional controller. In order to futher improve the performance of frequency control, the standard particle swarm algorithm is modified; fuzzy control and PI control are combined.
Then an inter-connected power system with large scale of wind power integrated is researched, three calculation schemes, i.e with no LFC, with the traditional LFC and with the improved LFC are simulated based on the MATLAB/Simulink. The results shows that LFC is necessary to deal with the greater fluctuation came from the inputted wind power, and the advanced controllers with fuzzy control strategy and with PSO optimization control have better control.
引文
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[11]陈琰,邱家驹,黄志龙,郭佳田.华东与福建联网后频率控制策略的研究[J].电网技术.2002.26(6).8-13.
[12]杨平,庞佳玲,张志雄.互联电网AGC控制模式研究[J].上海电力学院学报.2011.27(2).138-143.
[13]刘奇,刘斌,余涛.基于CPS统计特性的自适应自动发电控制策略[J].电力自动化设备.2010.30(12).74-78.
[14]M. Yao, R.R. Shoults, R. Kelm. AGC Logic Based on NERC's New Control Performance Standard and Disturbance Control Standards. IEEE Trans. on Power System. 2002.15(2).852-857.
[15]李滨,韦化,农蔚涛等.互联电网CPS下AGC控制参数的优化[J].电力系统自动化.2009.33(18).37-41.
[16]张俊芳,秦红霞,贾晋等.基于改进遗传算法的AGC机组优化组合研究[J].南京理工大学学报(自然科学版).2009.33(6).801-805.
[17]刘文许,林礼清,温步瀛.电力市场下基于改进粒子群算法的AGC机组选择[C].中国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第二十四届学术年会论文集.2008.1847-1851.
[18]张倩茅,周明,李庚银等.用于AGC容量预测和机组选择的动态统一模型及方法[J].电网技术.2007.31(10).46-50.
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