混联式混合动力电动汽车驱动系统特性及其仿真的研究
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摘要
混合动力电动汽车(Hybrid Electric Vehicle,简称HEV)同时具有纯电动汽车和传统内燃机汽车的优点,是目前解决环境污染和能源问题切实可行的方案,开展对混合动力电动汽车的研究具有重要的战略意义和现实意义。
本文在综合分析了混合动力电动汽车相关技术基础上,以奇瑞A3为原型车,将其改装成为混联式混合动力电动汽车(Series-Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle,简称PSHEV),对其改装过程中的一些问题进行了分析,主要工作和取得的成果有：(1)在混联式混合动力汽车系统原理分析的基础上,提出6种动力分配机构的连接方案,通过对6种方案的计算比较,得出最优方案,对于选定的方案,通过行星排特征参数P和配齿计算,确定动力组合器参数,并在Solidworks下完成三维装配；(2)将确定的动力组合器转化为模拟杠杆,采用杠杆模拟法对PSHEV的运行模式进行详细的分析；(3)设定动力性指标,在参照能量源的性能和选用的基础上,以设定的动力性指标为前提,对驱动系统的主要部件进行计算,确定发动机、电机Ⅰ、电机Ⅱ、主减速器比、蓄电池等的类型和参数；(4)对HEV制动过程动力学进行分析,得出前、后轴理想与实际的制动力曲线,分析ADVISOR制动力分配方案,探讨制动能量回收和再生制动系统各制动力变化特性；(5)分析ADVISOR仿真软件的系统功能及特点,并在此基础上建立发动机、电机Ⅰ、电机Ⅱ、蓄电池、动力组合器等部件及整车模型；(6)选择ECE EUDC为循环工况,对本文改装的车辆及原型车进行仿真运算,比较它们的仿真结果,结果表明,改装后车辆能量总体利用率为16.7%,而原型车仿真的总体能量利用率为12.2%,改装的车辆较原车型在动力性、燃油经济性及排放性等方面有显著的改善,百公里油耗为6.2L,油耗降低率为28.7%,发动机、电机Ⅰ、电机Ⅱ三者之间仿真的结果与杠杆模拟法分析结果相同,验证模型建立的正确性,得出混联式混合动力汽车设计过程中相关参数与燃油经济性和尾气排放的关系。
本文的研究结果将对把传统车辆改装成混联式混合动力电动汽车具有一定的参考价值。
Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has both advantages of the electric car and traditional internal combustion engine vehicle, which is a practical program to solve environmental pollution and energy problems. It has very important strategic and practical significance to carry out research on HEV.
In this paper, based on comprehensive analysis of technologies related to the hybrid electric vehicle, Chery A3 as the prototype vehicle is converted into Series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle (PSHEV). Some problems during the conversion process are analyzed, main work and results achieved are as follows:(1) Based on analysis of PSHEV principle, six kinds of connection programs for power distribution mechanism are proposed, among which the optimal one is obtained through calculation and comparison. For the selected program, parameters of power combination are determined and three-dimensional assembly is completed in Solidworks with calculation about characteristic parameter P of the planetary line and gear distribution. (2) PSHEV operation model is analyzed with leverage simulation method on the basis of that the power combiner is converted into a simulated leverage. (3) Referring to performance and selection of energy source, main components of the drive system are calculated with set power indicators as a premise, meanwhile, the type and parameters of the engine, motor I, motor II, main reducer ratio, batteries and so on are determined. (4) Through analysis on HEV brake kinetic, ideal and actual distribution curves of braking force acting on the front and rear axle are obtained, the ADVISOR braking force-distribution scheme and the change characteristic about braking force of braking energy recovery and regenerative braking system are both researched. (5) Models of the engine, motor I, motorⅡ, batteries, power combiner and other parts and vehicle are established based on analysis of system function and characteristics of ADVISOR. (6) The modified and prototype vehicles are simulated and calculated with ECE_EUDC as a driving cycle to compare their simulation results, which show that the overall energy-utilized ratio of modified vehicle is 16.7%, but that of prototype vehicle is only 12.2%, besides, compared with the original model, the modified vehicle has significant improvement in terms of power, fuel economy and emission, etc., whose fuel consumption for 100 kilometers is only 6.2L with reduced rate 28.7%. Simulation results among engine, motor I and II are the same from which correctness of the built model is verified and the relationship among related parameters of PSHEV, fuel economy and exhaust emission during the design process is obtained.
Results in this paper will be references for researches to convert the traditional hybrid vehicle into PSHEV.
本文在综合分析了混合动力电动汽车相关技术基础上,以奇瑞A3为原型车,将其改装成为混联式混合动力电动汽车(Series-Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle,简称PSHEV),对其改装过程中的一些问题进行了分析,主要工作和取得的成果有：(1)在混联式混合动力汽车系统原理分析的基础上,提出6种动力分配机构的连接方案,通过对6种方案的计算比较,得出最优方案,对于选定的方案,通过行星排特征参数P和配齿计算,确定动力组合器参数,并在Solidworks下完成三维装配；(2)将确定的动力组合器转化为模拟杠杆,采用杠杆模拟法对PSHEV的运行模式进行详细的分析；(3)设定动力性指标,在参照能量源的性能和选用的基础上,以设定的动力性指标为前提,对驱动系统的主要部件进行计算,确定发动机、电机Ⅰ、电机Ⅱ、主减速器比、蓄电池等的类型和参数；(4)对HEV制动过程动力学进行分析,得出前、后轴理想与实际的制动力曲线,分析ADVISOR制动力分配方案,探讨制动能量回收和再生制动系统各制动力变化特性；(5)分析ADVISOR仿真软件的系统功能及特点,并在此基础上建立发动机、电机Ⅰ、电机Ⅱ、蓄电池、动力组合器等部件及整车模型；(6)选择ECE EUDC为循环工况,对本文改装的车辆及原型车进行仿真运算,比较它们的仿真结果,结果表明,改装后车辆能量总体利用率为16.7%,而原型车仿真的总体能量利用率为12.2%,改装的车辆较原车型在动力性、燃油经济性及排放性等方面有显著的改善,百公里油耗为6.2L,油耗降低率为28.7%,发动机、电机Ⅰ、电机Ⅱ三者之间仿真的结果与杠杆模拟法分析结果相同,验证模型建立的正确性,得出混联式混合动力汽车设计过程中相关参数与燃油经济性和尾气排放的关系。
本文的研究结果将对把传统车辆改装成混联式混合动力电动汽车具有一定的参考价值。
Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has both advantages of the electric car and traditional internal combustion engine vehicle, which is a practical program to solve environmental pollution and energy problems. It has very important strategic and practical significance to carry out research on HEV.
In this paper, based on comprehensive analysis of technologies related to the hybrid electric vehicle, Chery A3 as the prototype vehicle is converted into Series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle (PSHEV). Some problems during the conversion process are analyzed, main work and results achieved are as follows:(1) Based on analysis of PSHEV principle, six kinds of connection programs for power distribution mechanism are proposed, among which the optimal one is obtained through calculation and comparison. For the selected program, parameters of power combination are determined and three-dimensional assembly is completed in Solidworks with calculation about characteristic parameter P of the planetary line and gear distribution. (2) PSHEV operation model is analyzed with leverage simulation method on the basis of that the power combiner is converted into a simulated leverage. (3) Referring to performance and selection of energy source, main components of the drive system are calculated with set power indicators as a premise, meanwhile, the type and parameters of the engine, motor I, motor II, main reducer ratio, batteries and so on are determined. (4) Through analysis on HEV brake kinetic, ideal and actual distribution curves of braking force acting on the front and rear axle are obtained, the ADVISOR braking force-distribution scheme and the change characteristic about braking force of braking energy recovery and regenerative braking system are both researched. (5) Models of the engine, motor I, motorⅡ, batteries, power combiner and other parts and vehicle are established based on analysis of system function and characteristics of ADVISOR. (6) The modified and prototype vehicles are simulated and calculated with ECE_EUDC as a driving cycle to compare their simulation results, which show that the overall energy-utilized ratio of modified vehicle is 16.7%, but that of prototype vehicle is only 12.2%, besides, compared with the original model, the modified vehicle has significant improvement in terms of power, fuel economy and emission, etc., whose fuel consumption for 100 kilometers is only 6.2L with reduced rate 28.7%. Simulation results among engine, motor I and II are the same from which correctness of the built model is verified and the relationship among related parameters of PSHEV, fuel economy and exhaust emission during the design process is obtained.
Results in this paper will be references for researches to convert the traditional hybrid vehicle into PSHEV.
引文
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[6]陈全世.先进电动汽车技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2007：221-252.
[7]Antoni Szumanowski(波兰)原著.陈清泉,孙逢迎(编译).混合电动车辆基础[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2001：80-116.
[8]胡骅,宋慧.电动汽车[M].人民交通出版社,2003：267-292.
[9]步曦,杜爱明.混合动力汽车用行星齿轮机构的理论研究与仿真分析[J].汽车工程,2006,28(9)：834-853.
[10]孙恒,陈作模.机械原理(第六版)[M].高等教育出版社,2001：366-380.
[11]王志新,王军.Prius功率分配机构的杠杆模拟方法[J].湖北汽车工业学院学报,2004(4)：15-17.
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[13]姜楠.并联混合动力客车系统效率分析[D].吉林：吉林大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[14]张京明,崔智全,崔胜民.一种混联式混合动力轿车动力源功率的优化计算[J].山东：哈尔滨工业大学汽车工程学院,2004(6)：12-14.
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[17]TOYOTA Motor Corporation.Development of electric motors for the Toyota hybrid vehicle 'prius'. The 16th International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exposition. Beijing, china, 1999.
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[19]Valerie H. Johnson, Keith B.Wipke, David J. Rausen. HEV Control Strategy for Real-Time Optimization of Fuel Economy and Emissions. Future Car Congress.2000.
[20]J Seiler, D Schroder. Hybrid Vehicle Operating Strategies[R]. EVS-15 (Conference paper), 1998.
[21]Darren Brown, Marcus Alexander, Doug Brunner. Drive-train simulator for a fuel cell hybrid vehicle[J]. Journal of Power Sources 183 (2008):275-281.
[22]陈清泉,孙峰春,祝嘉光.现代电动汽车技术[M].北京理工大学出版社,2002：29-84
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[24]吴建华.汽车发动机原理[M].机械工业出版社,2005：171-183.
[25]韩同群.汽车发动机原理[M].北京大学出版社,2007：122-140.
[26]徐满年,杨道华.东风汽车工程研究院《汽车发动机主要性能指标的选择方法》[J].汽车科技,1997(5)：16-23.
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