基于结构与价值关系的制造服务价值链研究
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摘要
国外制造企业正在兴起“制造+服务”的发展趋势，著名制造企业，如GE、通用汽车等都越来越强调服务在其经营过程中的重要地位，甚至企业的核心战略定位向服务企业转型，如IBM。面对这一新现象，西方研究制造业和服务管理的学者纷纷指出，制造和服务的边界已经变得模糊，制造业出现了明显的服务化趋势。制造服务价值是对制造企业的价值目标和价值实现的重新认识和理解，从传统的“以制造过程价值为核心”的价值观转向“以服务价值为核心”的价值观。制造服务是基于产品全生命周期价值的创造过程。
本论文主要围绕如何在一个传统制造企业发掘服务价值、如何构建起新的制造服务价值实现的价值链结构以及如何在制造服务价值创造与分配的关系中更好地获取价值来展开研究的。针对研究的核心问题，本论文基于制造产品的全生命周期来探索服务价值空间，从服务价值链的结构与功能的基本关系来探讨如何对制造企业价值链进行变革，基于制造服务价值的基本关系中关注制造企业如何更好地获取价值。
首先，构建了制造服务价值链结构与价值关系的核心理论框架。基于制造产品的全生命周期揭示出制造服务价值的内涵，基于结构与功能的基本关系阐述制造企业内外部价值链的结构与功能，以价值基本关系来探讨制造服务价值结构与关系，引出制造服务价值链的构造与功能及其变革基础。
其次，承接制造服务价值的结构与功能关系，对其价值链变革进行研究。在考察现有制造企业价值创造过程的基础之上发掘潜在的制造服务价值，以面向流程的管理模式对现有制造企业流程进行重构和再造，基于此过程探讨制造企业服务创新能力的转移及其发展的途径。
再者，承接制造服务的价值关系，通过服务定价来探讨制造服务价值的数理关系。基于制造服务企业与下游企业共同创造服务价值，探讨如何通过定价来实现价值的分配。不同的定价权配置确定服务定价的范围，给出双方讨价还价的价格博弈过程收敛性条件；基于服务的量、成本和响应时间分别给出制造服务的定价过程的讨论；在两阶段博弈方法下讨论服务创新及其价值分配的数理关系。
最后，以本人长期服务的东方汽轮机厂的服务创新及其服务价值链的变革实践和探索作为映证全文理论的现实案例进行了详细地研究。找到了东方汽轮机厂服务创新探索的一些有益尝试的理论依据，为企业服务价值链的进一步发展提供了思路。
Foreign manufacturers are emerging“manufacturing + services”developing trendand the well-known manufacturers,such as GE and GM,are increasing emphasis on theimportant status of services in the business course,or even the core strategic positioningis restructuring to service enterprise,such as IBM.Faced with this new phenomenon,the Western scholars who study manufacturing and service management have pointedout that the border between manufacturing and services have become vague and themanufacturing sector is emerging a clear trend of service.Manufacturing service valueis re-awareness and understanding of the value goals and value achievement ofmanufacturing enterprises,fiom the traditional value of manufacturing process as thecore values shift to the value of service as the core values.Manufacturing service is thecreative process of value based on product life cycle.
This paper accesses to the study on how a traditional manufacturing enterprises toexplore the value of manufacturing services,how to construct a new service value chainstructure of value realization and how to capture value in the relation of manufacturingservice value creation and distribution.Researching for the core issue,this paper makesservice value space exploration based on the full life cycle of products,explore ways ofhow to make change to value chain of manufacturing firms from the basic relationshipbetween structure and function of service value chain and concern how best to obtainvalue in the manufacturing industry based on the basic manufacturing services relations.
First,build the core theoretical framework of manufacturing services value chainstructure and value relations.Based on the full life cycle of products we reveal thecontent of the manufacturing services value,based on the basic relations betweenstructure and function we expatiate the internal and external value chain structure andfunction,by discussing the basic relationship to value structure and relations ofmanufacturing services we introduce the structure and function of manufacturingservices chain and the basis of changes.
Second,undertaking the relation of the structure and function of manufacturingservices value to,we study changes in the value chain.During the inspection of existingvalue creation processes of manufacturing enterprises we explore the potential servicesvalue.We reconstruct the existing manufacturers and recycling processes oriented bythe management pattern of streams,based on the process we discuss the transfer ofservice innovation capability and its development ways.
Furthermore,following the value relations of manufacturing services,we discussmathematical relationships of manufacturing services value by service pricing.Based onservice value creation by manufacturing enterprises and downstream firms together,weshed light on how to reach the value distribution by pricing.Different pricing powerconfiguration determines the scope of pricing and gives convergence conditions ofprices game of two sides bargaining process.Based on the volume,cost and responsetime the discussion of the pricing process are given.We discuss mathematicalrelationships of service innovation and its value distribution by the two-stage gamemethod.
Finally,as a reality case we carried out a detailed study on the practice andexploration of service innovation and service value chain change in my long servicecompany of Dongfang Steam Turbine Works.We found some theoretical basis of usefulattempts to explore the service innovation and provided ideas to further thedevelopment of the services value chain.
本论文主要围绕如何在一个传统制造企业发掘服务价值、如何构建起新的制造服务价值实现的价值链结构以及如何在制造服务价值创造与分配的关系中更好地获取价值来展开研究的。针对研究的核心问题，本论文基于制造产品的全生命周期来探索服务价值空间，从服务价值链的结构与功能的基本关系来探讨如何对制造企业价值链进行变革，基于制造服务价值的基本关系中关注制造企业如何更好地获取价值。
首先，构建了制造服务价值链结构与价值关系的核心理论框架。基于制造产品的全生命周期揭示出制造服务价值的内涵，基于结构与功能的基本关系阐述制造企业内外部价值链的结构与功能，以价值基本关系来探讨制造服务价值结构与关系，引出制造服务价值链的构造与功能及其变革基础。
其次，承接制造服务价值的结构与功能关系，对其价值链变革进行研究。在考察现有制造企业价值创造过程的基础之上发掘潜在的制造服务价值，以面向流程的管理模式对现有制造企业流程进行重构和再造，基于此过程探讨制造企业服务创新能力的转移及其发展的途径。
再者，承接制造服务的价值关系，通过服务定价来探讨制造服务价值的数理关系。基于制造服务企业与下游企业共同创造服务价值，探讨如何通过定价来实现价值的分配。不同的定价权配置确定服务定价的范围，给出双方讨价还价的价格博弈过程收敛性条件；基于服务的量、成本和响应时间分别给出制造服务的定价过程的讨论；在两阶段博弈方法下讨论服务创新及其价值分配的数理关系。
最后，以本人长期服务的东方汽轮机厂的服务创新及其服务价值链的变革实践和探索作为映证全文理论的现实案例进行了详细地研究。找到了东方汽轮机厂服务创新探索的一些有益尝试的理论依据，为企业服务价值链的进一步发展提供了思路。
Foreign manufacturers are emerging“manufacturing + services”developing trendand the well-known manufacturers,such as GE and GM,are increasing emphasis on theimportant status of services in the business course,or even the core strategic positioningis restructuring to service enterprise,such as IBM.Faced with this new phenomenon,the Western scholars who study manufacturing and service management have pointedout that the border between manufacturing and services have become vague and themanufacturing sector is emerging a clear trend of service.Manufacturing service valueis re-awareness and understanding of the value goals and value achievement ofmanufacturing enterprises,fiom the traditional value of manufacturing process as thecore values shift to the value of service as the core values.Manufacturing service is thecreative process of value based on product life cycle.
This paper accesses to the study on how a traditional manufacturing enterprises toexplore the value of manufacturing services,how to construct a new service value chainstructure of value realization and how to capture value in the relation of manufacturingservice value creation and distribution.Researching for the core issue,this paper makesservice value space exploration based on the full life cycle of products,explore ways ofhow to make change to value chain of manufacturing firms from the basic relationshipbetween structure and function of service value chain and concern how best to obtainvalue in the manufacturing industry based on the basic manufacturing services relations.
First,build the core theoretical framework of manufacturing services value chainstructure and value relations.Based on the full life cycle of products we reveal thecontent of the manufacturing services value,based on the basic relations betweenstructure and function we expatiate the internal and external value chain structure andfunction,by discussing the basic relationship to value structure and relations ofmanufacturing services we introduce the structure and function of manufacturingservices chain and the basis of changes.
Second,undertaking the relation of the structure and function of manufacturingservices value to,we study changes in the value chain.During the inspection of existingvalue creation processes of manufacturing enterprises we explore the potential servicesvalue.We reconstruct the existing manufacturers and recycling processes oriented bythe management pattern of streams,based on the process we discuss the transfer ofservice innovation capability and its development ways.
Furthermore,following the value relations of manufacturing services,we discussmathematical relationships of manufacturing services value by service pricing.Based onservice value creation by manufacturing enterprises and downstream firms together,weshed light on how to reach the value distribution by pricing.Different pricing powerconfiguration determines the scope of pricing and gives convergence conditions ofprices game of two sides bargaining process.Based on the volume,cost and responsetime the discussion of the pricing process are given.We discuss mathematicalrelationships of service innovation and its value distribution by the two-stage gamemethod.
Finally,as a reality case we carried out a detailed study on the practice andexploration of service innovation and service value chain change in my long servicecompany of Dongfang Steam Turbine Works.We found some theoretical basis of usefulattempts to explore the service innovation and provided ideas to further thedevelopment of the services value chain.
引文
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