基于嵌入式铁路道口检测记录装置研究与应用
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摘要
随着电子技术的快速发展,特别是超大规模集成电路的产生而出现的微型机,使现代科学研究得到了质的飞跃,而嵌入式微控制器的出现则给现代工业控制领域带来了一场新的革命。嵌入式系统具有体积小、成本低、功耗小、维护容易等优点非常适合铁路道口检测记录装置的开发。
本文以嵌入式铁路道口检测记录装置为研究目标,实现了基于ARM嵌入式处理器的道口检测记录装置硬件系统,并在此基础上开发了检测记录装置。
详细研究了当前嵌入式系统硬件和嵌入式操作系统的发展,提出了嵌入式铁路道口检测记录装置各个部分的实现方案,包括ARM嵌入式处理器的选型、嵌入式操作系统的选择。
深入探讨了ARM嵌入式处理器的特点、应用及体系结构。在S3C44B0X微处理器平台的基础之上,设计开发了S3C44B0X和其它关键部分的接口电路,并开发实现了平台的两大重要模块Flash和SDRAM。
研究了嵌入式操作系统uClinux的独特的可配置性的功能特点,开发了Bootloader引导程序,及在特定应用系统设计中的操作系统移植、驱动程序设计、设计实现了上层应用程序。
With the rapid development of the electronic techniques and the coming of the Micro-controller based upon the technology of VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration), the modern scientific research is brought into a new level. However, the coming of the embedded Micro-controller brings on a new revolution in the modern industrial control. Embedded system is suitable to develop railway information extraction and record device for it has many merits like small size, low cost, low consumption and convenience to maintain.
Taking embedded system railway information extraction and record device as the research object, the paper intends to achieve the hardware system of information extraction and record device which is based on ARM (Advanced RISC Machines) embedded processor and to develop information extraction and record device on this basis.
I studied in detail the current development of embedded system hardware and embedded operation system, and makes proposal to implement all parts of the embedded system including the selection of ARM embedded processor model and embedded operation system.
The paper discussed in length the characteristic, application and structure of ARM embedded processor. In this part, introduced Micro-controller and the key interface circuits between CPU and other key parts are discussed. Besides, i realizd two important module, what is Flash and SDRAM.
Based on the general systematic hardwares, the paper expounds the unique and configurable functions of the uClinux-an operation system. The conception and method to port the uClinux system and program the drivers and design the upper applications is expatiated.
本文以嵌入式铁路道口检测记录装置为研究目标,实现了基于ARM嵌入式处理器的道口检测记录装置硬件系统,并在此基础上开发了检测记录装置。
详细研究了当前嵌入式系统硬件和嵌入式操作系统的发展,提出了嵌入式铁路道口检测记录装置各个部分的实现方案,包括ARM嵌入式处理器的选型、嵌入式操作系统的选择。
深入探讨了ARM嵌入式处理器的特点、应用及体系结构。在S3C44B0X微处理器平台的基础之上,设计开发了S3C44B0X和其它关键部分的接口电路,并开发实现了平台的两大重要模块Flash和SDRAM。
研究了嵌入式操作系统uClinux的独特的可配置性的功能特点,开发了Bootloader引导程序,及在特定应用系统设计中的操作系统移植、驱动程序设计、设计实现了上层应用程序。
With the rapid development of the electronic techniques and the coming of the Micro-controller based upon the technology of VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration), the modern scientific research is brought into a new level. However, the coming of the embedded Micro-controller brings on a new revolution in the modern industrial control. Embedded system is suitable to develop railway information extraction and record device for it has many merits like small size, low cost, low consumption and convenience to maintain.
Taking embedded system railway information extraction and record device as the research object, the paper intends to achieve the hardware system of information extraction and record device which is based on ARM (Advanced RISC Machines) embedded processor and to develop information extraction and record device on this basis.
I studied in detail the current development of embedded system hardware and embedded operation system, and makes proposal to implement all parts of the embedded system including the selection of ARM embedded processor model and embedded operation system.
The paper discussed in length the characteristic, application and structure of ARM embedded processor. In this part, introduced Micro-controller and the key interface circuits between CPU and other key parts are discussed. Besides, i realizd two important module, what is Flash and SDRAM.
Based on the general systematic hardwares, the paper expounds the unique and configurable functions of the uClinux-an operation system. The conception and method to port the uClinux system and program the drivers and design the upper applications is expatiated.
引文
1 田泽.嵌入式系统开发与应用.北京航空航天大学出版社,2005:11～21
2 马忠梅,李善平,康慨,叶楠.ARM&Linux 嵌入式系统教程.北京航空航天大学出版社,2004:101～119
3 杨金泉.嵌入式机房门禁系统的设计与开发.浙江大学硕士学位论文,2005:3～4
4 吴春华.基于 ARM 和 uClinux 的嵌入式系统的构建研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文,2004:2～3
5 杜春雷.ARM 体系结构与编程.清华大学出版社,2003:29～32
6 S3C44B0X Datasheet. http://www.Samsung.com, 2005
7 万晨妍,侯颖欣.基于 ARM7TDMI 的嵌入式系统设计与实现.计算机工程,2003,29(18):166～168
8 SST39VF1601 Datasheet. http://www.sst.com, 2005
9 HY57V641620 Datasheet. http://www.hynix.com, 2006
10 RTL8019AS Datasheet. http://www.realtek.com.tw, 2003
11 MAX220-MAX249 Datasheet. http://www.maxim-ic.com, 2004
12 沈文斌.嵌入式硬件系统设计与开发实例详解.电子工业出版社,2005
13 胥静.嵌入式系统设计与开发实例详解――基于 ARM 的应用.北京航空航天大学出版社,2005:97～103
14 MC35 Terminal Siemens Cellular Engine Hardware Ingerface Description. Siemens Mobile, 2005
15 Bovet, Daniel. Understanding the Linux Kernel. O'Reilly Press, 2006:31～43
16 阎国清等.S3C44B0X 中 Bootloader 的实现.信息技术与信息化,2004,6:40～42
17 安昱,温晓辉,刘志红.基于 S3C44B0X 的 uClinux 的移植.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2003,12(12):76～79
18 应学义,王勇,陈抗生.嵌入式系统在道路检测系统中的应用.江南大学学报,2006,4:141～144
19 吴光龙.基于 Linux 操作系统的 C 语言编程和调试方法.安徽工业大学学报,2002,(10):21～22
20 Karim Yaghmour. Building Embedded Linux Systems.Oreilly Publishing,2005:99-140
21 http://www.linuxdevices.com
22 http://www.chinaunix.net
23 Steve Furber. ARM System-on-Chip Architecture. Second Edition.Pearson Education Limited, 2000:210～290
24 Pomerantz.Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide.Rocket Edition Press Publishing, 2006,2(1): 121～145
25 S3C44B0 Datasheet.http://www.Samsung.com, 2005
26 唐靖飚,周良源.UNIX 平台下 C 语言高级编程指南.宇航出版社,2000:19～37
27 肖杰,李仁发,徐成.基于 uClinux 嵌入式系统开发平台的建立.科学技术与工程,2005,5(1):28～32
28 龚彬,吴平,刘维亚等.基于 uClinux 嵌入式系统的设备驱动程序的研究.电子工程师,2004,30(1):67～70
29 Alessandro Rubini Jonathan Corbet.LINUX 设备驱动程序.魏永明,骆刚,姜君译.中国电力出版社,2002:18～23
30 周小丽,周俊峰.嵌入式系统编程中的代码优化.电脑开发与应用,2004,17(1):4～6
31 Anon.ARM development platform serves Linux and WindowsCE,Intel Press,2005:31～37
32 Electronic Desing. 2001,49(20): 40～43
33 Segars, Simon.ARM7TDMI power consumption. IEEE Micro. 2005, 17(4): 12～19
34 王钦恒,ARM7TDMl 内核微处理器的调试原理与方法.微型电脑应用,2003,(7):40～43
35 王锋,王涛,季晓勇.一种嵌入式 Linux 平台的软硬件设计.计算机应用,2003,(2):13～15
36 Anon. Embedded Linux gains high-availability framework. Electronic Design 2001,49(21): 36～39
37 陈坚华,范燕.基于 ARM7TDMI 的 uClinux 移植.电子器件,2003, 26(1):15～18
38 陆宝格,何锐.如何编译 uClinux 内核 单片机与嵌入式系统,2003,(11):76～80
39 陆宝格,邵贝贝,李荐民.uClinux 的设备驱动程序开发.单片机与嵌入式系统,2002, 3:81～83
40 罗嘉,薛涛.uClinux 上的应用程序设计.单片机与嵌入式系统,2002,12:82～83
41 Humphrey, Marty. Ex periences using RT-Linux to implement a controller for a high speed magnetic bearing system. Real-Time Technology and Applications- Proceedings, 1999, 2(3): 121～130
42 金忠.基于 ARM 和 uClinux 的嵌入式监控系统的研究.北京工业大学硕士学位文,2005:21～23
43 Lin Shiding, Ren Aihua.Porting Linux kernel to new hardware platform. Beijing Hangkong Hangtian Daxue Xuebao, 2003, 29(3): 197～201
44 Snoonian.Spectrum, IEEE, Volume: 40.Aug, 2003
45 慕春棣主编.嵌入式系统的构建.清华大学出版社,2004:93～109
46 刘峰,张晓林.浅析嵌入式程序设计中的优化问题.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006,(12):66～68
2 马忠梅,李善平,康慨,叶楠.ARM&Linux 嵌入式系统教程.北京航空航天大学出版社,2004:101～119
3 杨金泉.嵌入式机房门禁系统的设计与开发.浙江大学硕士学位论文,2005:3～4
4 吴春华.基于 ARM 和 uClinux 的嵌入式系统的构建研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文,2004:2～3
5 杜春雷.ARM 体系结构与编程.清华大学出版社,2003:29～32
6 S3C44B0X Datasheet. http://www.Samsung.com, 2005
7 万晨妍,侯颖欣.基于 ARM7TDMI 的嵌入式系统设计与实现.计算机工程,2003,29(18):166～168
8 SST39VF1601 Datasheet. http://www.sst.com, 2005
9 HY57V641620 Datasheet. http://www.hynix.com, 2006
10 RTL8019AS Datasheet. http://www.realtek.com.tw, 2003
11 MAX220-MAX249 Datasheet. http://www.maxim-ic.com, 2004
12 沈文斌.嵌入式硬件系统设计与开发实例详解.电子工业出版社,2005
13 胥静.嵌入式系统设计与开发实例详解――基于 ARM 的应用.北京航空航天大学出版社,2005:97～103
14 MC35 Terminal Siemens Cellular Engine Hardware Ingerface Description. Siemens Mobile, 2005
15 Bovet, Daniel. Understanding the Linux Kernel. O'Reilly Press, 2006:31～43
16 阎国清等.S3C44B0X 中 Bootloader 的实现.信息技术与信息化,2004,6:40～42
17 安昱,温晓辉,刘志红.基于 S3C44B0X 的 uClinux 的移植.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2003,12(12):76～79
18 应学义,王勇,陈抗生.嵌入式系统在道路检测系统中的应用.江南大学学报,2006,4:141～144
19 吴光龙.基于 Linux 操作系统的 C 语言编程和调试方法.安徽工业大学学报,2002,(10):21～22
20 Karim Yaghmour. Building Embedded Linux Systems.Oreilly Publishing,2005:99-140
21 http://www.linuxdevices.com
22 http://www.chinaunix.net
23 Steve Furber. ARM System-on-Chip Architecture. Second Edition.Pearson Education Limited, 2000:210～290
24 Pomerantz.Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide.Rocket Edition Press Publishing, 2006,2(1): 121～145
25 S3C44B0 Datasheet.http://www.Samsung.com, 2005
26 唐靖飚,周良源.UNIX 平台下 C 语言高级编程指南.宇航出版社,2000:19～37
27 肖杰,李仁发,徐成.基于 uClinux 嵌入式系统开发平台的建立.科学技术与工程,2005,5(1):28～32
28 龚彬,吴平,刘维亚等.基于 uClinux 嵌入式系统的设备驱动程序的研究.电子工程师,2004,30(1):67～70
29 Alessandro Rubini Jonathan Corbet.LINUX 设备驱动程序.魏永明,骆刚,姜君译.中国电力出版社,2002:18～23
30 周小丽,周俊峰.嵌入式系统编程中的代码优化.电脑开发与应用,2004,17(1):4～6
31 Anon.ARM development platform serves Linux and WindowsCE,Intel Press,2005:31～37
32 Electronic Desing. 2001,49(20): 40～43
33 Segars, Simon.ARM7TDMI power consumption. IEEE Micro. 2005, 17(4): 12～19
34 王钦恒,ARM7TDMl 内核微处理器的调试原理与方法.微型电脑应用,2003,(7):40～43
35 王锋,王涛,季晓勇.一种嵌入式 Linux 平台的软硬件设计.计算机应用,2003,(2):13～15
36 Anon. Embedded Linux gains high-availability framework. Electronic Design 2001,49(21): 36～39
37 陈坚华,范燕.基于 ARM7TDMI 的 uClinux 移植.电子器件,2003, 26(1):15～18
38 陆宝格,何锐.如何编译 uClinux 内核 单片机与嵌入式系统,2003,(11):76～80
39 陆宝格,邵贝贝,李荐民.uClinux 的设备驱动程序开发.单片机与嵌入式系统,2002, 3:81～83
40 罗嘉,薛涛.uClinux 上的应用程序设计.单片机与嵌入式系统,2002,12:82～83
41 Humphrey, Marty. Ex periences using RT-Linux to implement a controller for a high speed magnetic bearing system. Real-Time Technology and Applications- Proceedings, 1999, 2(3): 121～130
42 金忠.基于 ARM 和 uClinux 的嵌入式监控系统的研究.北京工业大学硕士学位文,2005:21～23
43 Lin Shiding, Ren Aihua.Porting Linux kernel to new hardware platform. Beijing Hangkong Hangtian Daxue Xuebao, 2003, 29(3): 197～201
44 Snoonian.Spectrum, IEEE, Volume: 40.Aug, 2003
45 慕春棣主编.嵌入式系统的构建.清华大学出版社,2004:93～109
46 刘峰,张晓林.浅析嵌入式程序设计中的优化问题.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006,(12):66～68