一种改进型低压无功补偿装置的设计与实现
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摘要
电力是我国的主要二次能源,随着国民经济的发展,节电降耗,减少生产成本是企业追逐的目标。在电力系统中,由于大量非线性负荷的使用使得电网的功率因数下降,特别是一些大型冲击型负荷,会使电网的无功功率在一个很大的范围内变动,严重影响电网的供电质量,也使电网运行的经济效益受到较大的损失。因此,如何对配电网进行无功功率补偿,提高电网的功率因数,已成为电力电子技术、电力系统自动化研究领域所面临的一个重大课题,受到越来越多的关注。
本文结合武汉网安科技公司的早期产品在广东、贵州、湖北等地的使用情况,分析了无功补偿的基本原理,对目前几种应用广泛的无功补偿装置的原理、优缺点及适用场合等进行了分析。
在此基础上,以STC89C516RD为处理核心,围绕它设计了一种带有远程无线数据传输功能的改进型低压无功补偿装置。本文分析了系统方案的选择,介绍其相应的软、硬件设计和实现,包括数据采集、补偿控制、数据存储、通讯模块、人机交互等各子模块的设计和实现,并给出了详细的原理图和程序流程图以及部分程序,对通过GSM模块TC35进行远程配电监测、控制与通讯进行了比较详细的分析与研究。最后,对装置进行了系统调试和结果分析,结果显示装置运行良好。
针对目前国内外同类设备没有远程配电监测功能、智能化程度不足的缺点,装置进行大量改进,具有抗干扰能力强、测控精度高、性价比高等优点,主要表现有:控制策略更加合理、选用复合开关进行投切、具有配电监测功能、具有远程无线通讯能力、多重保护功能等。装置已通过电磁兼容测试和国家质量技术监督局的技术验证,经过现场挂网实验,运行结果表明该装置软硬件设计合理、性能稳定可靠,达到了预期的设计要求。
Electric Power is the main secondary energy source in china, with the development of Chinese national economy, how to save energy source, reduce wastage and production-cost, is the goal in enterprises. In electric power system, many applications of nonlinear loads reduced the power factor, especially some large fluctuant loads, leaded to huge fluctuation of reactive power, affected voltage quality severely. This also made large wastage of using efficiency and benefit in electric power system. Therefore, how to reduce reactive power and increase power factor in electric network is an important problem in electronic technology and electric automation area, thus, it is getting more and more attention.
According to the effects of former products of Wuhan network security company which were used in Guangdong, Guizou, Hubei province, this paper analyzed the principles of reactive power compensation, the advantages and disadvantages, and the application field of different kinds of reactive power compensation devices which were widely used at the present time.
Based on this, an improved low-voltage reactive power compensation device with wireless data transmission was designed with STC89C516RD which worked as MCU. This paper analyzed the choice of system scheme, introduced the design and realization of hardware and software, including data collecting part, compensation controlling part, communication part, human-machine interface and so on. It also gave detailed circuit diagram and flow chart, including some program. Using GSM module TC35 to monitor electric network in long-distance, to control and communicate, was analyzed and studied particularly. Finally, we completed the system debugging and results analysis, it showed that the device was operating well.
Aimed at the disadvantages of the domestic and international similar devices as below: without wireless long-distance monitor function, not intelligent enough and so on, this device made huge improvements, it's advantages as below: enhanced stability, high precision of measurement and control, better performance and lower price. It's main performance as below: adopted more reasonable control-strategy, chose combination switch to put into capacitors, had electric network monitor function, long-distance wireless communication capability, multiple protection capabilities. This device had passed the electromagnetism compatibility test and the technical verification of the Chinese National Quality-technology Supervision Part. After experiment in the real electric network system, the results showed that the design of the hardware and software was reasonable, it's performance was stable and reliable, thus it achieved the expected design requirements.
本文结合武汉网安科技公司的早期产品在广东、贵州、湖北等地的使用情况,分析了无功补偿的基本原理,对目前几种应用广泛的无功补偿装置的原理、优缺点及适用场合等进行了分析。
在此基础上,以STC89C516RD为处理核心,围绕它设计了一种带有远程无线数据传输功能的改进型低压无功补偿装置。本文分析了系统方案的选择,介绍其相应的软、硬件设计和实现,包括数据采集、补偿控制、数据存储、通讯模块、人机交互等各子模块的设计和实现,并给出了详细的原理图和程序流程图以及部分程序,对通过GSM模块TC35进行远程配电监测、控制与通讯进行了比较详细的分析与研究。最后,对装置进行了系统调试和结果分析,结果显示装置运行良好。
针对目前国内外同类设备没有远程配电监测功能、智能化程度不足的缺点,装置进行大量改进,具有抗干扰能力强、测控精度高、性价比高等优点,主要表现有:控制策略更加合理、选用复合开关进行投切、具有配电监测功能、具有远程无线通讯能力、多重保护功能等。装置已通过电磁兼容测试和国家质量技术监督局的技术验证,经过现场挂网实验,运行结果表明该装置软硬件设计合理、性能稳定可靠,达到了预期的设计要求。
Electric Power is the main secondary energy source in china, with the development of Chinese national economy, how to save energy source, reduce wastage and production-cost, is the goal in enterprises. In electric power system, many applications of nonlinear loads reduced the power factor, especially some large fluctuant loads, leaded to huge fluctuation of reactive power, affected voltage quality severely. This also made large wastage of using efficiency and benefit in electric power system. Therefore, how to reduce reactive power and increase power factor in electric network is an important problem in electronic technology and electric automation area, thus, it is getting more and more attention.
According to the effects of former products of Wuhan network security company which were used in Guangdong, Guizou, Hubei province, this paper analyzed the principles of reactive power compensation, the advantages and disadvantages, and the application field of different kinds of reactive power compensation devices which were widely used at the present time.
Based on this, an improved low-voltage reactive power compensation device with wireless data transmission was designed with STC89C516RD which worked as MCU. This paper analyzed the choice of system scheme, introduced the design and realization of hardware and software, including data collecting part, compensation controlling part, communication part, human-machine interface and so on. It also gave detailed circuit diagram and flow chart, including some program. Using GSM module TC35 to monitor electric network in long-distance, to control and communicate, was analyzed and studied particularly. Finally, we completed the system debugging and results analysis, it showed that the device was operating well.
Aimed at the disadvantages of the domestic and international similar devices as below: without wireless long-distance monitor function, not intelligent enough and so on, this device made huge improvements, it's advantages as below: enhanced stability, high precision of measurement and control, better performance and lower price. It's main performance as below: adopted more reasonable control-strategy, chose combination switch to put into capacitors, had electric network monitor function, long-distance wireless communication capability, multiple protection capabilities. This device had passed the electromagnetism compatibility test and the technical verification of the Chinese National Quality-technology Supervision Part. After experiment in the real electric network system, the results showed that the design of the hardware and software was reasonable, it's performance was stable and reliable, thus it achieved the expected design requirements.
引文
[1]门洪,梁志珊.一种多功能低压配网无功补偿装置.东北电力技术,2002,4(8):10-12
[2]刘键.配电网自动化新技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004,17(9):13-15
[3]郭境源.电力系统自动控制技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2001,8(13):22-24
[4]冯志宏.低压无功功率补偿控制器的研制.浙江电力,2001,4(11):32-35
[5]朱大新.变电站综合自动化与无人值班[J].电力系统自动化,1994,18(17):18-21
[6]孟祥忠,王玉彬等.变电站微机监控与保护技术[M].电力系统自动化,2004,11(5):38-41
[7]张晋格.计算机控制原理与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1995:86-125
[8]罗毅等.配电网自动化实用技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1999:9-16
[9]王明俊,于尔铿,刘广.配电系统自动化及其发展[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1998,9(6):6-10
[10]匡满武.低压无功补偿装置综述.山西电力,2003,12(15):27-30
[11]Jack bill,Jill Peter.Metering Technology Corporation.Automatic energy metering reading accounting System[R],1998,13(10):21-25
[12]Nandy Setal,Two novel scheme suitable for static switching of three-phase delta-connected capacitor banks with minimum surge current.IEEE Tram On application,1997,33(5):1348-1353
[13]Scott Zemerick.Design of a Microprocessor-Controlled Personal Static VAR Compensator (PSVC).IEEE,2002,25(21):287-299
[14]San-Yi Lee,Chi-Jui Wu,yan Nan Chang.A compact control algorithm for reactive power compensation and load balancing with static VAR compensator.Electric Power Systems Research.2001,10(58):63-70
[15]Parihar,Pramod,Pseudo.Resonant power compensator for full control of real and reactive power in distribution feeders.Engeneering Electronics and Electrical Device.1997,33(21):161-170
[16]Cha hill.A Automatic voltage balancer based on static VAR compensator under microprocessor control in a rural distribution systems.Proceedings of the Universities Power Engineering Conference,V1,1998,21(4):348-359
[17]Benmouyal G.Frequency-domain characterization of Kalman filters as applied to power system protection[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1992,7(3):829-838
[18]L.M.Popovic.Resonance in inhomogeneous transmission lines using traveling Waves.Transmission and Distribution Conference,IEEE,1999,5(2):552-630
[19]V.Ambarani.Static VAR compensation system for industries.Power Quality,1998,22(13):177-194
[20]牛培峰,李国胜,刘远龙等.基于数字信号处理器的配电自动化终端装置[J].电力系统自动化,2002,12(5):31-36
[21]吴迪.多功能低压无功补偿装置的研究与实现[D].北京:华北电力大学,2004
[22]王宇.无功功率补偿的技术经济分析[C].低压电器,2001,12(5):41-45
[23]周立功.《ZLG7290 I~2C接口键盘及LED驱动器数据手册》.北京航空航天大学出版社,2001.5(1):12-45
[24]张志良.《单片机原理与控制技术》[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:145-159
[25]马忠梅,张凯,马岩.《单片机的C语言应用程序设计》[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2003:180-189
[26]何立民.《I~2C总线应用系统设计》[M].北京航空航天大学出版社.1995:56-71
[27]Datasheet of AT24C512,Atmel Inc,2001,12(9):19-23
[28]李广军,王厚军.实用接口技术[M].北京:电子科技大学出版社,2000:36-39
[29]Alan V.fox,Rogger W.lucy,John R.Buck.Discrete Time Signal Processing[M],IEEE Trans.on Power Delivery,1992,24(3):1129-1138
[30]《RS-422 and RS-485 Application Note》.B&B Electronics Mfg.Co.Inc.1997:16-21
[31]Wollenberg,Bruce F,Transmission system reactive power compensation.IEEE Power Engineering Society Transmission and Distribution Conference,2002,17(23):507-509
[32]Baran,Mesut.A distribution system simulator for protection and control.IEEE Power Engineering Society Transmission and Distribution Conference,2001,39(27):315-317
[33]M.Y.Vaiman,I.M.Vaiman.Preventive actions for power system stability preservation.Wescon/96,1996,32(19):153-158
[34]Johan Driesen.Development of a Measurement System for Power Quantities in Electrical Energy Distribution Systems[J].Instrument and Measurement,2002(9):20-23
[35]戴晓亮.无功补偿技术在配电网中的应用[J].电网技术,1999,29(6):21-25
[36]郝鸿安.常用模拟集成电路应用手册[M].北京,人民邮电出版社,1991:34-36
[37]梁永明.变配电系统智能监控仪研究与开发[D].江苏南京:南京航空航天大学,2003
[38]刘涛.基于手机模块TC35的单片机短消息收发系统.电子技术,2003,19(14):92-97
[39]罗璇.基于PIC单片机的配电网综参数测控仪研究[D].江苏南京:南京航空航天大学,2005
[40]李辉.基于DSP的无功补偿装置的研究与设计[D].浙江杭州:浙江大学,2004
[41]黄锦贤.变电站综合自动化的功能要求和发展趋势[C].冶金自动化,1999,13(8):68-72
[42]黄志军.基于嵌入式操作系统的无功补偿控制器的设计[D].西安:西北工业大学,2003
[43]孙文涛.智能无功补偿控制器的设计[D].西安:西北工业大学,2003
[44]G Blajszczak.Fully controlled reactor for static VAR compensation.Fifth European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications,1993,8(2):113-119
[45]Y.H.Song,A.T.John,R.K.sheery.Nonlinear thyristor controlled static VAR compensation.Fifth European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications,1994,9(17):56-60
[46]B.P.Roberts.Power Quality Solution Alternatives for Low and Medium Voltage Continuous Process Loads.Rural Electric Power Conference,IEEE,2002,25(19):175-180
[47]TC3x Multiplexer User's Guide.Version V03.10,2002,3(1):10-15
[48]AT Command Set Siemens Cellular Engines.Siemens Inc,2002,1(3):5-16
[49]TC35 Hardware Interface Description Version 03.10.Siemens Inc,2001:12-19
[50]李鸿.用单片机控制手机收发短信息.电子技术应用,2003,26(19):39-42
[51]陈劲操.就地无功补偿策略研究及实现.电力自动化设备,2002,15(4):26-29
[52]周彬.基于GSM短消息的路灯远程监控系统设计[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2006
[53]高宇英,刘乾业.智能型低压无功补偿装置若干问题的探讨.电力电容器,2002,19(11):69-73
[54]中华人民共和国国家技术监督局.GB 12325-1990.供电电压允许偏差.北京:中国标准出版社,1999-11-01
[55]中华人民共和国国家技术监督局.DL/T 597-1996.低压无功补偿控制器订货技术条件.北京:中国标准出版社,2003-11-01
[2]刘键.配电网自动化新技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004,17(9):13-15
[3]郭境源.电力系统自动控制技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2001,8(13):22-24
[4]冯志宏.低压无功功率补偿控制器的研制.浙江电力,2001,4(11):32-35
[5]朱大新.变电站综合自动化与无人值班[J].电力系统自动化,1994,18(17):18-21
[6]孟祥忠,王玉彬等.变电站微机监控与保护技术[M].电力系统自动化,2004,11(5):38-41
[7]张晋格.计算机控制原理与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1995:86-125
[8]罗毅等.配电网自动化实用技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1999:9-16
[9]王明俊,于尔铿,刘广.配电系统自动化及其发展[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1998,9(6):6-10
[10]匡满武.低压无功补偿装置综述.山西电力,2003,12(15):27-30
[11]Jack bill,Jill Peter.Metering Technology Corporation.Automatic energy metering reading accounting System[R],1998,13(10):21-25
[12]Nandy Setal,Two novel scheme suitable for static switching of three-phase delta-connected capacitor banks with minimum surge current.IEEE Tram On application,1997,33(5):1348-1353
[13]Scott Zemerick.Design of a Microprocessor-Controlled Personal Static VAR Compensator (PSVC).IEEE,2002,25(21):287-299
[14]San-Yi Lee,Chi-Jui Wu,yan Nan Chang.A compact control algorithm for reactive power compensation and load balancing with static VAR compensator.Electric Power Systems Research.2001,10(58):63-70
[15]Parihar,Pramod,Pseudo.Resonant power compensator for full control of real and reactive power in distribution feeders.Engeneering Electronics and Electrical Device.1997,33(21):161-170
[16]Cha hill.A Automatic voltage balancer based on static VAR compensator under microprocessor control in a rural distribution systems.Proceedings of the Universities Power Engineering Conference,V1,1998,21(4):348-359
[17]Benmouyal G.Frequency-domain characterization of Kalman filters as applied to power system protection[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1992,7(3):829-838
[18]L.M.Popovic.Resonance in inhomogeneous transmission lines using traveling Waves.Transmission and Distribution Conference,IEEE,1999,5(2):552-630
[19]V.Ambarani.Static VAR compensation system for industries.Power Quality,1998,22(13):177-194
[20]牛培峰,李国胜,刘远龙等.基于数字信号处理器的配电自动化终端装置[J].电力系统自动化,2002,12(5):31-36
[21]吴迪.多功能低压无功补偿装置的研究与实现[D].北京:华北电力大学,2004
[22]王宇.无功功率补偿的技术经济分析[C].低压电器,2001,12(5):41-45
[23]周立功.《ZLG7290 I~2C接口键盘及LED驱动器数据手册》.北京航空航天大学出版社,2001.5(1):12-45
[24]张志良.《单片机原理与控制技术》[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:145-159
[25]马忠梅,张凯,马岩.《单片机的C语言应用程序设计》[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2003:180-189
[26]何立民.《I~2C总线应用系统设计》[M].北京航空航天大学出版社.1995:56-71
[27]Datasheet of AT24C512,Atmel Inc,2001,12(9):19-23
[28]李广军,王厚军.实用接口技术[M].北京:电子科技大学出版社,2000:36-39
[29]Alan V.fox,Rogger W.lucy,John R.Buck.Discrete Time Signal Processing[M],IEEE Trans.on Power Delivery,1992,24(3):1129-1138
[30]《RS-422 and RS-485 Application Note》.B&B Electronics Mfg.Co.Inc.1997:16-21
[31]Wollenberg,Bruce F,Transmission system reactive power compensation.IEEE Power Engineering Society Transmission and Distribution Conference,2002,17(23):507-509
[32]Baran,Mesut.A distribution system simulator for protection and control.IEEE Power Engineering Society Transmission and Distribution Conference,2001,39(27):315-317
[33]M.Y.Vaiman,I.M.Vaiman.Preventive actions for power system stability preservation.Wescon/96,1996,32(19):153-158
[34]Johan Driesen.Development of a Measurement System for Power Quantities in Electrical Energy Distribution Systems[J].Instrument and Measurement,2002(9):20-23
[35]戴晓亮.无功补偿技术在配电网中的应用[J].电网技术,1999,29(6):21-25
[36]郝鸿安.常用模拟集成电路应用手册[M].北京,人民邮电出版社,1991:34-36
[37]梁永明.变配电系统智能监控仪研究与开发[D].江苏南京:南京航空航天大学,2003
[38]刘涛.基于手机模块TC35的单片机短消息收发系统.电子技术,2003,19(14):92-97
[39]罗璇.基于PIC单片机的配电网综参数测控仪研究[D].江苏南京:南京航空航天大学,2005
[40]李辉.基于DSP的无功补偿装置的研究与设计[D].浙江杭州:浙江大学,2004
[41]黄锦贤.变电站综合自动化的功能要求和发展趋势[C].冶金自动化,1999,13(8):68-72
[42]黄志军.基于嵌入式操作系统的无功补偿控制器的设计[D].西安:西北工业大学,2003
[43]孙文涛.智能无功补偿控制器的设计[D].西安:西北工业大学,2003
[44]G Blajszczak.Fully controlled reactor for static VAR compensation.Fifth European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications,1993,8(2):113-119
[45]Y.H.Song,A.T.John,R.K.sheery.Nonlinear thyristor controlled static VAR compensation.Fifth European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications,1994,9(17):56-60
[46]B.P.Roberts.Power Quality Solution Alternatives for Low and Medium Voltage Continuous Process Loads.Rural Electric Power Conference,IEEE,2002,25(19):175-180
[47]TC3x Multiplexer User's Guide.Version V03.10,2002,3(1):10-15
[48]AT Command Set Siemens Cellular Engines.Siemens Inc,2002,1(3):5-16
[49]TC35 Hardware Interface Description Version 03.10.Siemens Inc,2001:12-19
[50]李鸿.用单片机控制手机收发短信息.电子技术应用,2003,26(19):39-42
[51]陈劲操.就地无功补偿策略研究及实现.电力自动化设备,2002,15(4):26-29
[52]周彬.基于GSM短消息的路灯远程监控系统设计[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2006
[53]高宇英,刘乾业.智能型低压无功补偿装置若干问题的探讨.电力电容器,2002,19(11):69-73
[54]中华人民共和国国家技术监督局.GB 12325-1990.供电电压允许偏差.北京:中国标准出版社,1999-11-01
[55]中华人民共和国国家技术监督局.DL/T 597-1996.低压无功补偿控制器订货技术条件.北京:中国标准出版社,2003-11-01