基于GPRS的自动抄表系统的研究
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摘要
自动抄表技术是将数据自动采集、传输和处理应用于自来水、电力、天然气供应与管理系统中的一项新技术,它从根本上克服了传统的人工抄表模式的弊端。随着无线通信技术的发展,将通用分组无线业务(GPRS)引入到自动抄表系统中,是一个非常新的思路,将成为发展热点与方向。
本文在总结目前自动抄表技术的基础上,针对GPRS在无线数据传输方面的应用,提出了一种基于GPRS技术的复合式自动抄表方案。该方案底层通信采用RS-485总线方式,上层通信利用GPRS的Internet接入功能,在Internet上设置一个中心服务器,负责与GPRS终端设备的通信,实现数据的实时采集和传输。
论文主要研究了该系统的关键部分——基于GPRS的自动抄表数据终端设备的硬件和软件设计。抄表数据终端的硬件实现包括微控制器与GPRS模块的接口和外围电路设计。其中,微控制器选用MSP430F149超低功耗单片机,GPRS模块采用西门子公司的MC39i无铅环保型模块。该终端硬件结构简洁,系统功耗低,运行稳定可靠。在软件设计方面,研究和分析了GPRS技术的主要国际协议,提出了精简的嵌入式TCP/IP协议栈;提出了精简实现PPP连接的软件设计方法;比较分析了传输层的TCP与UDP协议的传输效率与系统需求,对于单片机系统来说,系统采用UDP协议比较好;应用层采用用户自定义协议,在数据传输中采用“数据中加入序号字节”以及“应答确认”等机制,可以很好地保证数据传输的可靠性。
本文所研究的自动抄表数据传输系统可以满足电力系统应用的需求,而且它还可以用在其它的远程无线监控系统中,具有广阔的应用前景,会带来较好的经济和社会效益。
Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) is a new technology in the supply and management of water, power, and gas. The disadvantage of traditional manual meter reading system can be overcome, such as lower efficiency and so on. Meanwhile, with the development of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology, which is introduced into the AMR system is a new idea and will become a trend.
In this paper, a new automatic meter reading system based on GPRS is presented. The system is based on the analysis of AMR technology and to meet the application of GPRS in wireless data transfer system. The lower layer is adopt RS-485 bus topology, upper layer utilizes direct connection between GPRS and Internet, setting a center server in Internet to take charge of data communication with GPRS terminal equipment for real-time data acquisition and transfer.
The hardware and software design of data terminal equipment with GPRS is researched in this paper, which is the key technology of the system. The hardware design of data terminal equipment is interface and supporting circuit design of the micro-controller and GPRS module. MSP430F149 is selected as the MCU of this platform, Siemens MC39i lead-free module is chosen as the GPRS module. The equipment is compact,reliable and steady. As to the software project, firstly, many international protocols of GPRS are researched and the reduced TCP/IP protocol of this system is proposed. Secondly, Point-to point protocol is researched and reduced PPP programming scheme is given. Thirdly, compared the transmission layer protocol UDP with TCP in the transport efficiency and system requirement, for the single chip system, UDP is preferred in our system. Lastly, the user-defined protocol in application layer is proposed, by adding the number byte in data frame and adopting the scheme of response to assure the reliability in data transmission.
The AMR system proposed in this paper can be used in power meter system and other wireless transfer applications. It can find wide applications and acquire great economic and social benefits.
本文在总结目前自动抄表技术的基础上,针对GPRS在无线数据传输方面的应用,提出了一种基于GPRS技术的复合式自动抄表方案。该方案底层通信采用RS-485总线方式,上层通信利用GPRS的Internet接入功能,在Internet上设置一个中心服务器,负责与GPRS终端设备的通信,实现数据的实时采集和传输。
论文主要研究了该系统的关键部分——基于GPRS的自动抄表数据终端设备的硬件和软件设计。抄表数据终端的硬件实现包括微控制器与GPRS模块的接口和外围电路设计。其中,微控制器选用MSP430F149超低功耗单片机,GPRS模块采用西门子公司的MC39i无铅环保型模块。该终端硬件结构简洁,系统功耗低,运行稳定可靠。在软件设计方面,研究和分析了GPRS技术的主要国际协议,提出了精简的嵌入式TCP/IP协议栈;提出了精简实现PPP连接的软件设计方法;比较分析了传输层的TCP与UDP协议的传输效率与系统需求,对于单片机系统来说,系统采用UDP协议比较好;应用层采用用户自定义协议,在数据传输中采用“数据中加入序号字节”以及“应答确认”等机制,可以很好地保证数据传输的可靠性。
本文所研究的自动抄表数据传输系统可以满足电力系统应用的需求,而且它还可以用在其它的远程无线监控系统中,具有广阔的应用前景,会带来较好的经济和社会效益。
Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) is a new technology in the supply and management of water, power, and gas. The disadvantage of traditional manual meter reading system can be overcome, such as lower efficiency and so on. Meanwhile, with the development of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology, which is introduced into the AMR system is a new idea and will become a trend.
In this paper, a new automatic meter reading system based on GPRS is presented. The system is based on the analysis of AMR technology and to meet the application of GPRS in wireless data transfer system. The lower layer is adopt RS-485 bus topology, upper layer utilizes direct connection between GPRS and Internet, setting a center server in Internet to take charge of data communication with GPRS terminal equipment for real-time data acquisition and transfer.
The hardware and software design of data terminal equipment with GPRS is researched in this paper, which is the key technology of the system. The hardware design of data terminal equipment is interface and supporting circuit design of the micro-controller and GPRS module. MSP430F149 is selected as the MCU of this platform, Siemens MC39i lead-free module is chosen as the GPRS module. The equipment is compact,reliable and steady. As to the software project, firstly, many international protocols of GPRS are researched and the reduced TCP/IP protocol of this system is proposed. Secondly, Point-to point protocol is researched and reduced PPP programming scheme is given. Thirdly, compared the transmission layer protocol UDP with TCP in the transport efficiency and system requirement, for the single chip system, UDP is preferred in our system. Lastly, the user-defined protocol in application layer is proposed, by adding the number byte in data frame and adopting the scheme of response to assure the reliability in data transmission.
The AMR system proposed in this paper can be used in power meter system and other wireless transfer applications. It can find wide applications and acquire great economic and social benefits.
引文
[1]蒋俊峰. 自动抄表技术研究. 电测与仪表,2003, 40(454): 41～44
[2]Howard Scott. 北美自动抄表市场. Cognyst咨询公司, 2003.
[3]中国仪器仪表协会电磁测量信息处理仪器分会.自动抄表技术的发展状况.电测与仪表.2001, 38(430):5～9
[4]荆秋锋,刘素娟. 立足国内电表状况谈抄表发展. 电力建设, 2004,25(9): 41～43
[5]智能抄表系统的发展方向. ICXO建筑. 2006
[6]Xavier Lanrange, Philippe Godlewski, Sami Tabbane. 顾肇基译. GSM网络与GPRS(第五版). 北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[7]Cai J. General Packet Service in GSM[J]. IEEE Communication, 1997,122～131
[8]文志成. 通用分组无线业务——GPRS. 北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[9]R J (Bud)Bates. 通用分组无线业务(GPRS)技术与应用. 北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.
[10]钟子果,杨品露,胡爱群. 基于GPRS移动通信网络数据传输系统的研究与实现. 移动通信, 2005,4:82～86
[11]吴冰,马宝甫,刘文江. GPRS网络应用系统中的协议转换. 单片机与嵌入式系统应用. 2004,6:20～22
[12]崔秀玉,王志勇,王成祥. GPRS技术在电力系统通信中的应用. 电力系统通信, 2004,8:3～7
[13]佃松宜,汪道辉. 基于RS485总线的远程双向数据通信系统的设计与实现. 电子技术. 2001,11:27～30
[14]樊建学,盛新富. 低压电力线载波集中抄表系统的研究. 继电器,2005,33(17):49～52
[15]陆爱萍,刘望军,李信德. 远程抄表技术通信方法的研究. 集成电路. 2003,4: 85～86.
[16]杨宏业,张跃,吕芳. 自动抄表系统中通信方案的现状与展望. 电测与仪表.2001,38(428):8～12.
[17]Ando Nobuhiro, Takashuna Masaya, Doi Yoshihiro, et.al. Automatic meter reading system adopting automatic routing technology. Proceedings of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Transmission and Distribution Conference, v 3, n ASIA PACIFIC, 2002,2305～2309.
[18]Dugas Christophs. Wireless solution for optimum monitoring of automatic meter reading. Euroheat and Power (English Edition), 2004,3:52～57
[19]Fischer Rochelle A, Schulz Noel, Anderson Gordon H. Information management for an automated meter reading system. Proceedings of the American Power Conference,2000,62: 150～154
[20]Wu ChihHung, Shun Chien, Huang YuWei. Design of a wireless ARM～based automatic meter reading and control system. 2004 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,2004,1:957～962
[21]蔡锐丹,许少云,甘义成. GPRS无线数据传输系统的设计与应用. 电子质量. 2004,1:19～21
[22]马增强,燕延,景海明. 基于GPRS的数据采集系统的研究. 微机算计信息. 2005,21(8):104～107
[23]梁永忠. 基于GPRS的电力参数远程自动测量系统. 电器时代. 2005,3:112～114
[24]郑贵林,杨飞,杨利. 基于GPRS通信技术的防窃电实时监控系统方案. 武汉大学学报(工学版).2005,38(4): 46～49
[25]徐魁,蒋瑜瀛. 基于GSM/GPRS通信的抄表系统. 电力系统自动化, 2004, 28(17): 94～96.
[26]袁红涛. GPRS技术应用的软硬件开发环境. 现代电子技术,2004,16:97～99
[27]韩东方,朱善安,蒋正义. 基于GPRS/SMS的无线抄表系统的终端机设计. 工业控制计算机. 2004, 17(10):28～29
[28]MC39i hardware interface description-MC39i Siemens Cellular Engines. Version01.02. Siemens. Nov.12,2003.
[29]MC39i AT Command Set-MC39i Siemens Cellular Engines. Version01.02. Siemens. Nov.11,2003.
[30]胡大可. MSP430系列FLASH型超低功耗16位单片机. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001.
[31]胡大可. MSP430系列单片机C语言程序设计与开发. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[32]魏小龙. MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.
[33]W Richard Stevens著.范建华等译. TCP/IP详解. 北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[34]于峰. 计算机网络与数据通信. 北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.
[35]王庆刚,杨佃福. GPRS技术在嵌入式系统中的应用. 微计算机信息. 2005, 21(5):69～70
[36]Simpson W. The Point to Point Protocol (PPP). In: RFC1661.1994.
[37]Simpson W, Day dreamer. The Point to Point protocol (PPP)[C]. In: RFC 1331, 1992.
[38]Simpson W, Daydreamer. PPP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol(CHAP)[C]. In: RFC 1994,1996.
[39]Simpson W, Daydreamer. PPP Password Authentication protocols(PAP)[C].In: RFC 1334,1992.
[40]G McGregor. The PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol(IPCP)[C]. In: RFC 1332,1992.
[41]赵锋,王艳玮,范建华等. GPRS终端拨号上网连接认证注册全过程研究. 计算机工程与应用. 2004, 23: 158～160
[42]Postel J.Internet protocol (IP). In: RFC791,1981.
[43]Postel J. User Datagram protocol (UDP). In: RFC768,1980.
[44]Postel J. Transmission Control protocol (TCP). In: RFC793,1981.
[45]施伟年,凌海宏. GPRS网络上的两种数据传输协议. 电力系统通信, 2004,8:20～22
[46]Michael Meyer. TCP Performance over GPRS. [J] .Proc. IEEE WCNC'99, 1999,1248～1252.
[2]Howard Scott. 北美自动抄表市场. Cognyst咨询公司, 2003.
[3]中国仪器仪表协会电磁测量信息处理仪器分会.自动抄表技术的发展状况.电测与仪表.2001, 38(430):5～9
[4]荆秋锋,刘素娟. 立足国内电表状况谈抄表发展. 电力建设, 2004,25(9): 41～43
[5]智能抄表系统的发展方向. ICXO建筑. 2006
[6]Xavier Lanrange, Philippe Godlewski, Sami Tabbane. 顾肇基译. GSM网络与GPRS(第五版). 北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[7]Cai J. General Packet Service in GSM[J]. IEEE Communication, 1997,122～131
[8]文志成. 通用分组无线业务——GPRS. 北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[9]R J (Bud)Bates. 通用分组无线业务(GPRS)技术与应用. 北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.
[10]钟子果,杨品露,胡爱群. 基于GPRS移动通信网络数据传输系统的研究与实现. 移动通信, 2005,4:82～86
[11]吴冰,马宝甫,刘文江. GPRS网络应用系统中的协议转换. 单片机与嵌入式系统应用. 2004,6:20～22
[12]崔秀玉,王志勇,王成祥. GPRS技术在电力系统通信中的应用. 电力系统通信, 2004,8:3～7
[13]佃松宜,汪道辉. 基于RS485总线的远程双向数据通信系统的设计与实现. 电子技术. 2001,11:27～30
[14]樊建学,盛新富. 低压电力线载波集中抄表系统的研究. 继电器,2005,33(17):49～52
[15]陆爱萍,刘望军,李信德. 远程抄表技术通信方法的研究. 集成电路. 2003,4: 85～86.
[16]杨宏业,张跃,吕芳. 自动抄表系统中通信方案的现状与展望. 电测与仪表.2001,38(428):8～12.
[17]Ando Nobuhiro, Takashuna Masaya, Doi Yoshihiro, et.al. Automatic meter reading system adopting automatic routing technology. Proceedings of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Transmission and Distribution Conference, v 3, n ASIA PACIFIC, 2002,2305～2309.
[18]Dugas Christophs. Wireless solution for optimum monitoring of automatic meter reading. Euroheat and Power (English Edition), 2004,3:52～57
[19]Fischer Rochelle A, Schulz Noel, Anderson Gordon H. Information management for an automated meter reading system. Proceedings of the American Power Conference,2000,62: 150～154
[20]Wu ChihHung, Shun Chien, Huang YuWei. Design of a wireless ARM～based automatic meter reading and control system. 2004 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,2004,1:957～962
[21]蔡锐丹,许少云,甘义成. GPRS无线数据传输系统的设计与应用. 电子质量. 2004,1:19～21
[22]马增强,燕延,景海明. 基于GPRS的数据采集系统的研究. 微机算计信息. 2005,21(8):104～107
[23]梁永忠. 基于GPRS的电力参数远程自动测量系统. 电器时代. 2005,3:112～114
[24]郑贵林,杨飞,杨利. 基于GPRS通信技术的防窃电实时监控系统方案. 武汉大学学报(工学版).2005,38(4): 46～49
[25]徐魁,蒋瑜瀛. 基于GSM/GPRS通信的抄表系统. 电力系统自动化, 2004, 28(17): 94～96.
[26]袁红涛. GPRS技术应用的软硬件开发环境. 现代电子技术,2004,16:97～99
[27]韩东方,朱善安,蒋正义. 基于GPRS/SMS的无线抄表系统的终端机设计. 工业控制计算机. 2004, 17(10):28～29
[28]MC39i hardware interface description-MC39i Siemens Cellular Engines. Version01.02. Siemens. Nov.12,2003.
[29]MC39i AT Command Set-MC39i Siemens Cellular Engines. Version01.02. Siemens. Nov.11,2003.
[30]胡大可. MSP430系列FLASH型超低功耗16位单片机. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001.
[31]胡大可. MSP430系列单片机C语言程序设计与开发. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[32]魏小龙. MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.
[33]W Richard Stevens著.范建华等译. TCP/IP详解. 北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[34]于峰. 计算机网络与数据通信. 北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.
[35]王庆刚,杨佃福. GPRS技术在嵌入式系统中的应用. 微计算机信息. 2005, 21(5):69～70
[36]Simpson W. The Point to Point Protocol (PPP). In: RFC1661.1994.
[37]Simpson W, Day dreamer. The Point to Point protocol (PPP)[C]. In: RFC 1331, 1992.
[38]Simpson W, Daydreamer. PPP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol(CHAP)[C]. In: RFC 1994,1996.
[39]Simpson W, Daydreamer. PPP Password Authentication protocols(PAP)[C].In: RFC 1334,1992.
[40]G McGregor. The PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol(IPCP)[C]. In: RFC 1332,1992.
[41]赵锋,王艳玮,范建华等. GPRS终端拨号上网连接认证注册全过程研究. 计算机工程与应用. 2004, 23: 158～160
[42]Postel J.Internet protocol (IP). In: RFC791,1981.
[43]Postel J. User Datagram protocol (UDP). In: RFC768,1980.
[44]Postel J. Transmission Control protocol (TCP). In: RFC793,1981.
[45]施伟年,凌海宏. GPRS网络上的两种数据传输协议. 电力系统通信, 2004,8:20～22
[46]Michael Meyer. TCP Performance over GPRS. [J] .Proc. IEEE WCNC'99, 1999,1248～1252.