延安黄土边坡双排桩支护结构力学性能研究
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摘要
延安处于黄土高原梁峁地区,川道狭长的缺点,给不断扩大的城市建设带来了诸多不利。由于建设用地紧张,目前延安市开始向川道两边坡地上扩大发展,由此引起的建筑边坡安全成了重点关注问题。而双排桩支护结构作为一种工程措施,在边坡加固、滑坡治理等方面具有广泛应用。目前,关于双排桩支护结构的研究及应用,多集中于沿海与南方地区,而在西北黄土地区的相关研究及应用则相对较少。为此,本文针对黄土地区双排桩支护结构的工作性能及桩土接触作用进行了研究,为该地区类似工程计算提供参考。
首先,整理了目前国内关于双排桩的几种常见计算方法,分析了各方法的特点,并提出本文工程算例的计算方法。该法选用改进的修正系数法,结合桩间土压力修正系数,按照朗肯主、被动土压力的分布形式进行计算。该方法概念明确,简单易行且计算精度易于保证。
再者,采用Marc有限元程序建立双排桩支护结构模型,对影响双排桩支护结构性能的重要参数如桩间距、桩截面尺寸、连梁高度等进行了分析；另外,对桩土接触作用如临界接触深度、桩侧土压力与摩阻力的分布情况进行了分析,得出了合理桩排距、合理桩截面尺寸等相关结论。
最后,结合延安马家湾小区1#东段双排桩支护结构的相关数据,建立有限元模型进行模拟分析,将有限元分析结果与手算计算结果进行对比分析,证明本文提出的针对黄土地区双排桩的计算方法是可行的,为类似工程设计及施工提供有益的参考。
The city of Yan'an, is located in the hilly loess plateau region, while the long and narrow watercourse makes lots of trouble in the process of city construction. Because the construction land is becoming increasingly scare, the city construction is intended to the slope on the both side of watercourse, so the security of slope engineering is getting more and more concern.
Double-row piles supporting structure, as a kind of engineering measure, has been used wildly in slope reinforcement engineering and treatment of landslide geological disasters. However, the current research and application of double-row piles supporting structure is mostly concentrated in the coastal and southern regions, while less in the northwest loess region. For these reasons, the thesis is mainly discussed about the double-row piles supporting structure's work mechanism and pile-soil contact interactions in loess region, for the similar projects calculation to provide some reference.
Firstly, it is sorted out the current domestic double-row piles on the calculation of several common methods, analyzed each method's characteristic and proposed the hand-count method calculating example in this thesis. The hand-count method is chosen the advanced correction factor method, combining with the pile-soil interactions factor and the Rankine active and passive earth pressure's distribution of the form, which of the concept is clear, simple and easy to guarantee accuracy.
Secondly, the calculating model of double-row piles is given by the finite element program Marc. Some double-row piles correlative parameters, like the spacing of rows-pile、cross-section size、the height of joining beam and so on, are analyzed; In addition, on the role of pile-soil interaction, such as the critical contact depth, pile-side earth pressure and the distribution of frictional resistance are analyzed and obtained some reasonable spacing of rows, pile cross-section size and other related and reasonable conclusions.
Finally, combined the relevant data of Yanan Ma Jiawan District 1 # eastern section of double-row piles supporting structure, the finite element calculating model is given and analyzed. Then, finite element analysis results with hand-count results are compared to prove the hand-count method proposed in this thesis for the loess region calculation of double-row piles is feasible, for similar projects to provide some reference.
首先,整理了目前国内关于双排桩的几种常见计算方法,分析了各方法的特点,并提出本文工程算例的计算方法。该法选用改进的修正系数法,结合桩间土压力修正系数,按照朗肯主、被动土压力的分布形式进行计算。该方法概念明确,简单易行且计算精度易于保证。
再者,采用Marc有限元程序建立双排桩支护结构模型,对影响双排桩支护结构性能的重要参数如桩间距、桩截面尺寸、连梁高度等进行了分析；另外,对桩土接触作用如临界接触深度、桩侧土压力与摩阻力的分布情况进行了分析,得出了合理桩排距、合理桩截面尺寸等相关结论。
最后,结合延安马家湾小区1#东段双排桩支护结构的相关数据,建立有限元模型进行模拟分析,将有限元分析结果与手算计算结果进行对比分析,证明本文提出的针对黄土地区双排桩的计算方法是可行的,为类似工程设计及施工提供有益的参考。
The city of Yan'an, is located in the hilly loess plateau region, while the long and narrow watercourse makes lots of trouble in the process of city construction. Because the construction land is becoming increasingly scare, the city construction is intended to the slope on the both side of watercourse, so the security of slope engineering is getting more and more concern.
Double-row piles supporting structure, as a kind of engineering measure, has been used wildly in slope reinforcement engineering and treatment of landslide geological disasters. However, the current research and application of double-row piles supporting structure is mostly concentrated in the coastal and southern regions, while less in the northwest loess region. For these reasons, the thesis is mainly discussed about the double-row piles supporting structure's work mechanism and pile-soil contact interactions in loess region, for the similar projects calculation to provide some reference.
Firstly, it is sorted out the current domestic double-row piles on the calculation of several common methods, analyzed each method's characteristic and proposed the hand-count method calculating example in this thesis. The hand-count method is chosen the advanced correction factor method, combining with the pile-soil interactions factor and the Rankine active and passive earth pressure's distribution of the form, which of the concept is clear, simple and easy to guarantee accuracy.
Secondly, the calculating model of double-row piles is given by the finite element program Marc. Some double-row piles correlative parameters, like the spacing of rows-pile、cross-section size、the height of joining beam and so on, are analyzed; In addition, on the role of pile-soil interaction, such as the critical contact depth, pile-side earth pressure and the distribution of frictional resistance are analyzed and obtained some reasonable spacing of rows, pile cross-section size and other related and reasonable conclusions.
Finally, combined the relevant data of Yanan Ma Jiawan District 1 # eastern section of double-row piles supporting structure, the finite element calculating model is given and analyzed. Then, finite element analysis results with hand-count results are compared to prove the hand-count method proposed in this thesis for the loess region calculation of double-row piles is feasible, for similar projects to provide some reference.
引文
[1]郑生庆,陈希昌.GB50330-2002《建筑边坡工程支护技术》编制背景及技术特点[J].重庆建筑,2003,1：17-21
[2]王曙光.深基坑支护事件处理经验录[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2005
[3]Kenneth W Cargill M ASCE. Predication of consolidation very soft soil. Journal of Geotechnique[J].1984.110(6):113-115
[4]J E Bowles. Foundation Analysis and Design (3th)[M]. McGraw-Hill Book Company. 1984.516-544
[5]刘兴远,雷用,康景文.边坡工程[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2007
[6]建筑边坡工程技术规范[S].GB50330-2002
[7]余志成,施文华.深基坑护坡桩技术的几项新发现[J].建筑技术,1995,21：272-279
[8]刘钊.双排桩支护结构的分析及试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,1992,14(9)：116-131
[9]张弘.深基坑开挖中双排桩支护结构的应用与探讨[J].地基处理,1993,4(3)：42-47
[10]张弘.深基坑开挖中双排桩支护结构的应用与分析[J].华北石油设计,1993,1：19-24
[11]林栋.用双排灌注桩作深基坑维护结构的尝试[J].建筑施工,1994,4：18-19
[12]何颐华,杨斌,金宝森等.双排护坡桩试验与计算的研究[J].建筑结构学报,1996,17(2)：58-66
[13]蔡袁强,赵永倩,吴世明等.软土地基深基坑中双排桩式维护结构有限元分析[J].浙江大学学报,1997,31(4)：79-83
[14]蔡袁强,阮连法,吴世明.软粘土地基基坑开挖中双排桩式围护结构的数值分析及应用[J].建筑结构学报,1999,20(4)：65-71
[15]平杨,白世伟,曹俊坚.深基双排桩空间协同计算理论及位移分析[J].土木工程学报,2001,34(2)：79-83
[16]邓小鹏,陈征宙,韦杰.深基坑开挖中双排桩支护结构的数值结构与工程应用[J].建筑结构学报,2004,25(1)：42-47
[17]郑刚,李欣,刘畅等.考虑桩土相互作用的双排桩分析[J].建筑结构学报,2004,25(1)：99-106
[18]陆培毅,杨靖,韩丽君.双排桩尺寸效应的有限元应用[J].天津大学学报,2006,39(8)：963-967
[19]张富军.双排桩支护结构研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2004
[20]顾问天.深基坑双排桩支护结构的研究[D].北京：铁道科学研究院,2007
[21]Phillip S.K. Ooi, M, ASCE. Simplified Lateral Load Analyses of Fixed-Head Piles and Pile Groups [J]. Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironment Engineering, Oot2003, vol 130, Issue 11,pp.1140-1151
[22]Dohry Ricardo. Single Piles in Lateral Spreads. Field Bending Moment Evaluation[J]. Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironment Engineering, Oot2003, vol 129, Issue 10, pp.879-889
[23]Ilyas, T. Gentrifuge Model Study of Laterally Loaded Pile Groups in Clay[J]. Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironment Engineering, Mar2004, Vol 130, Issue 3, pp. 274-283
[24]BASU D, SALGADO R. Analysis of laterally load piles with Rectangular Cross Section Emdedded in Multituyered Soil[J]. International Joural for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics.2008,32(7):721-744
[25]FUKUI J. Calculating Method of Reactions of Columnal Foundations[J]. Technical Informatio of Civil Engineering,1997,39(12):20-25
[26]Bose S K, Som N N. Parametric study of a braced cut by finite element method[J]. Computer and Geotechnics,1998,22(2):91-107
[27]On C Y, Chiou D C, Wu T S.Three-dimesional finite element analysis of deep excavations [J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.1996,8(4):337-345
[28]Masatoshi Sawaguchi. Lateral Behavior of A Double Sheet Pile Wall Structure[J]. Soils and Foundations.1974(1), p45-59
[29]大倔晃一等.二重矢板式构造物力学の特性に関する研究[J].日本港湾技术研究所报告,1984,23(1)
[30]Takemura, J. Kondoh, M. Esaki, T. Kouda, M.and Kusakabe, O. Centrifuge Model Tests on Double Propped Wall Excavation in Soft Clay[J]. Soils and Foundations. 1999, Vol 39, No 3, pp.75-87
[31]菊池喜昭等.固化处理土中诘二重失板护岸构造特性.日本港湾技术研究所报告,第997号,2001
[32]黄强.建筑基坑支护技术规程应用手册[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1999
[33]沈宝汉.深基坑工程技术讲座(17)[J].建筑技术开发,1999,26(2)：47-51
[34]韩冰.延安地区建筑边坡稳定性分析及抗滑桩加固研究[D].西安：长安大学,2009
[35]吴永江,刘树林,张景恒等.软土地区深基坑支护工程实例与分析[J].工程勘察,1998,1：21-24
[36]蔡袁强,王立忠,陈云敏等.软土地基深基坑开挖中双排桩式围护结构应用实录[J].建筑结构学报,1997,18(4)：70-76
[37]兰云才,虞利军,欧阳涛坚.软土地区深基坑支护工程实例[J].探矿工程(增刊),2005,1：106-109
[38]杨德建,王铁成,李新华.双排桩支护结构变形特点与土压力有限元分析[J].华中科技大学学报,2008,25(3)：10-12
[39]曾广群.深基坑双排桩支护结构的设计与研究[D].西安：西安建筑科技大学,2005.
[40]黄强.护坡桩空间受力简化计算方法[J].建筑结构,1(8)：43-45
[41]程知言,裘慰伦,张可能.双排桩支护结构设计计算方法探讨[J].地质与勘探,2001,37(2)：87-93
[42]万智.深基坑双排桩支护结构体系受力分析与计算[D].长沙：湖南大学,2001
[43]熊巨华.一类双排桩支护结构的简化计算方法[J].勘察科学技术,1999,2：32-34
[44]郭志昆,张武刚,陈妙峰.对当前基坑工程中几个主要问题的讨论[J].岩土工程界,2001,4(5)：40-43
[45]聂庆科,胡建敏,王英辉等.深基坑双排桩合理支护参数的研究[J].工业建筑(增刊),2008,38：656-660
[46]应宏伟,初振环.深基坑带撑双排桩支护结构有限元分析[J].岩土力学与工程学报(增刊),2007,26：4325-4331
[47]陈火红,杨剑,薛小香等.新编MARC有限元实例分析教程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2007
[48]阚前华,常志宇,郝文华.MSC.Marc工程应用实例分析与二次开发[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2006
[49]高大钊.土力学与基础工程[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1998
[50]建筑基坑支护技术规程[S].JGJ120-99
[51]滑坡防治工程设计施工技术[S].DZ/T0129-2006
[2]王曙光.深基坑支护事件处理经验录[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2005
[3]Kenneth W Cargill M ASCE. Predication of consolidation very soft soil. Journal of Geotechnique[J].1984.110(6):113-115
[4]J E Bowles. Foundation Analysis and Design (3th)[M]. McGraw-Hill Book Company. 1984.516-544
[5]刘兴远,雷用,康景文.边坡工程[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2007
[6]建筑边坡工程技术规范[S].GB50330-2002
[7]余志成,施文华.深基坑护坡桩技术的几项新发现[J].建筑技术,1995,21：272-279
[8]刘钊.双排桩支护结构的分析及试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,1992,14(9)：116-131
[9]张弘.深基坑开挖中双排桩支护结构的应用与探讨[J].地基处理,1993,4(3)：42-47
[10]张弘.深基坑开挖中双排桩支护结构的应用与分析[J].华北石油设计,1993,1：19-24
[11]林栋.用双排灌注桩作深基坑维护结构的尝试[J].建筑施工,1994,4：18-19
[12]何颐华,杨斌,金宝森等.双排护坡桩试验与计算的研究[J].建筑结构学报,1996,17(2)：58-66
[13]蔡袁强,赵永倩,吴世明等.软土地基深基坑中双排桩式维护结构有限元分析[J].浙江大学学报,1997,31(4)：79-83
[14]蔡袁强,阮连法,吴世明.软粘土地基基坑开挖中双排桩式围护结构的数值分析及应用[J].建筑结构学报,1999,20(4)：65-71
[15]平杨,白世伟,曹俊坚.深基双排桩空间协同计算理论及位移分析[J].土木工程学报,2001,34(2)：79-83
[16]邓小鹏,陈征宙,韦杰.深基坑开挖中双排桩支护结构的数值结构与工程应用[J].建筑结构学报,2004,25(1)：42-47
[17]郑刚,李欣,刘畅等.考虑桩土相互作用的双排桩分析[J].建筑结构学报,2004,25(1)：99-106
[18]陆培毅,杨靖,韩丽君.双排桩尺寸效应的有限元应用[J].天津大学学报,2006,39(8)：963-967
[19]张富军.双排桩支护结构研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2004
[20]顾问天.深基坑双排桩支护结构的研究[D].北京：铁道科学研究院,2007
[21]Phillip S.K. Ooi, M, ASCE. Simplified Lateral Load Analyses of Fixed-Head Piles and Pile Groups [J]. Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironment Engineering, Oot2003, vol 130, Issue 11,pp.1140-1151
[22]Dohry Ricardo. Single Piles in Lateral Spreads. Field Bending Moment Evaluation[J]. Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironment Engineering, Oot2003, vol 129, Issue 10, pp.879-889
[23]Ilyas, T. Gentrifuge Model Study of Laterally Loaded Pile Groups in Clay[J]. Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironment Engineering, Mar2004, Vol 130, Issue 3, pp. 274-283
[24]BASU D, SALGADO R. Analysis of laterally load piles with Rectangular Cross Section Emdedded in Multituyered Soil[J]. International Joural for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics.2008,32(7):721-744
[25]FUKUI J. Calculating Method of Reactions of Columnal Foundations[J]. Technical Informatio of Civil Engineering,1997,39(12):20-25
[26]Bose S K, Som N N. Parametric study of a braced cut by finite element method[J]. Computer and Geotechnics,1998,22(2):91-107
[27]On C Y, Chiou D C, Wu T S.Three-dimesional finite element analysis of deep excavations [J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.1996,8(4):337-345
[28]Masatoshi Sawaguchi. Lateral Behavior of A Double Sheet Pile Wall Structure[J]. Soils and Foundations.1974(1), p45-59
[29]大倔晃一等.二重矢板式构造物力学の特性に関する研究[J].日本港湾技术研究所报告,1984,23(1)
[30]Takemura, J. Kondoh, M. Esaki, T. Kouda, M.and Kusakabe, O. Centrifuge Model Tests on Double Propped Wall Excavation in Soft Clay[J]. Soils and Foundations. 1999, Vol 39, No 3, pp.75-87
[31]菊池喜昭等.固化处理土中诘二重失板护岸构造特性.日本港湾技术研究所报告,第997号,2001
[32]黄强.建筑基坑支护技术规程应用手册[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1999
[33]沈宝汉.深基坑工程技术讲座(17)[J].建筑技术开发,1999,26(2)：47-51
[34]韩冰.延安地区建筑边坡稳定性分析及抗滑桩加固研究[D].西安：长安大学,2009
[35]吴永江,刘树林,张景恒等.软土地区深基坑支护工程实例与分析[J].工程勘察,1998,1：21-24
[36]蔡袁强,王立忠,陈云敏等.软土地基深基坑开挖中双排桩式围护结构应用实录[J].建筑结构学报,1997,18(4)：70-76
[37]兰云才,虞利军,欧阳涛坚.软土地区深基坑支护工程实例[J].探矿工程(增刊),2005,1：106-109
[38]杨德建,王铁成,李新华.双排桩支护结构变形特点与土压力有限元分析[J].华中科技大学学报,2008,25(3)：10-12
[39]曾广群.深基坑双排桩支护结构的设计与研究[D].西安：西安建筑科技大学,2005.
[40]黄强.护坡桩空间受力简化计算方法[J].建筑结构,1(8)：43-45
[41]程知言,裘慰伦,张可能.双排桩支护结构设计计算方法探讨[J].地质与勘探,2001,37(2)：87-93
[42]万智.深基坑双排桩支护结构体系受力分析与计算[D].长沙：湖南大学,2001
[43]熊巨华.一类双排桩支护结构的简化计算方法[J].勘察科学技术,1999,2：32-34
[44]郭志昆,张武刚,陈妙峰.对当前基坑工程中几个主要问题的讨论[J].岩土工程界,2001,4(5)：40-43
[45]聂庆科,胡建敏,王英辉等.深基坑双排桩合理支护参数的研究[J].工业建筑(增刊),2008,38：656-660
[46]应宏伟,初振环.深基坑带撑双排桩支护结构有限元分析[J].岩土力学与工程学报(增刊),2007,26：4325-4331
[47]陈火红,杨剑,薛小香等.新编MARC有限元实例分析教程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2007
[48]阚前华,常志宇,郝文华.MSC.Marc工程应用实例分析与二次开发[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2006
[49]高大钊.土力学与基础工程[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1998
[50]建筑基坑支护技术规程[S].JGJ120-99
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