ABC银行温州市分行个人外汇交易业务发展研究
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摘要
我国1993年末外汇储备余额为212亿美元,但截止至2012年末,我国的外汇储备余额已达33116亿美元。在逐年增长的外汇储备的大背景下,在2006年,时任中国央行副行长吴晓灵提出了“藏汇于民”这个历史性概念,主张通过市场化方式来解决中国央行当前外汇储备逐年增长和结构性不对称等问题。这极大的鼓舞国内的个人外汇交易投资者,积极利用国际外汇市场上的外汇汇率波动走势进行外汇交易,不仅可以达到规避汇率大幅波动的风险,也能够进行手头上的外汇资产保值和增值。
从存贷款利差情况来看,在1996年5月1日中国人民银行公布的存贷款一年期基准利率来看,存贷款利差为3.98个百分点,而自2012年7月6日至今存贷款利差已缩小为2.75个百分点。而且,以前企业外部融资主要通过银行贷款来进行,随着时间的推进,通过银行借贷的间接融资方式在企业融资的占比会越来越低。在存贷差空间不断压缩以及企业逐渐减少依赖银行融资的趋势下,商业银行正需要不断地寻找新兴的业务,开拓新的利润增长点。而商业银行个人外汇交易业务不仅经济资金占用率极低,而且风险小而综合利润贡献率高,并且在人民币国际化大趋势下,将会越来越成为银行业务发展的方向。但由于我国商业银行在个人外汇交易业务上的发展只不过二十来年的历史,而且由于当前国家外汇政策上的限制,各个商业银行个人外汇交易不仅存在交易品种单一,而且内部机制不完善、专业人员良莠不一、交易系统不完善,以及业务发展战略和经营理念不成熟等情况。因此,如何通过上下整体联动,抢抓机遇,加快发展,获得更大的市场发展空间,培育新的利润增长点,显得很有必要作些探讨。
温州是浙江,乃至全国著名的侨乡,全市在海外有50多万华侨,每年有大量的外币资金汇入或携入,因而外币储蓄资源十分丰富。ABC银行温州市分行于2001年12月21日正式对外开办个人外汇交易业务,凭借出色的业务宣传和客户营销工作,以及完善的交易系统、一流的场地设施、竞争性的交易报价等优势,业务发展势头极为迅猛,正式交易首日交易量即近1亿美元,创下全国日成交最高的记录,单日交易量最高突破2.7亿美元。但随着ABC银行个人外汇交易业务开办过程实际碰到的问题和不足之处,业务发展受挫并没落,时至2012年全年交易量仅12亿美元,情况不容乐观。综合分析原因,除了受宏观经济环境和经营机制影响外,这与ABC银行温州市分行自身银行自身经营有着密切关系,ABC银行温州市分行自身实力和竞争力不强,进行全面调整以适应新的经营形势势在必行。
本文基于发展商业银行个人外汇交易业务的重要性和紧迫性,首先对发展商业银行个人外汇交易业务的研究背景和国内行业内对发展商业银行个人外汇交易业务研究现状进行了简要的阐述,提出了撰写本篇论文的现实意义。接着对外汇的概念和特征、我国各商业银行可交易的货币种类、汇率标价的两种方式、国际上各大外汇市场等情况进行了系统性的阐述,以期对外汇交易有一个基本的认识,为本篇论文的研究奠定了必要的理论基础。然后,通过案例调研分析研究了商业银行个人外汇交易业务开办过程实际碰到的问题和不足之处,总结出商业银行应对发展个人外汇交易业务应切实地需要应对的措施和对策。
第一章,首先介绍了发展个人外汇交易业务的研究背景和意义,以及目前国外对汇率决定理论的研究、国内对发展个人外汇交易业务的实践和探索研究,同时介绍了这篇论文的研究方法与思路。从而勾勒出了本文的研究框架。最后,指出了本文的研究创新与不足之处。
第二章,主要从外汇的概念和特征、我国各商业银行可交易的货币种类、汇率标价的两种方式、国际上各大外汇市场等进行了基本的阐述。
第三章,通过案例调研了ABC银行温州分行个人外汇交易业务发展中的遇到的问题,从介绍温州经济概况、温州地区个人外汇业务概况,再具体深入对ABC银行温州市分行个人外汇交易业务情况进行研究。
第四章,对ABC银行温州市分行个人外汇交易业务进行的SWOT分析。
第五章,结合实际提出发展ABC银行温州市分行个人外汇交易业务的可行性建议。本文的创新点及特色也在于此：本文建立在笔者对ABC银行温州市分行个人外汇交易业务发展的切实研究,根据多年的从筹办本块业务到具体业务实践,运用真实的案例数据分析了ABC银行温州市分行个人外汇交易业务的各种问题。同时由深入浅出层层剖析ABC银行温州市分行如果实现发展个人外汇交易业务。
本文通过研究发现各商业银行在发展中间业务,发展个人外汇交易业务在深度和广度上有了进一步的认识和要求,他们更加重视如果既能控制经营风险,又能稳健发展本块业务。同时在日益激烈的银行业务竞争过程中,对于ABC银行温州市分行在复杂的竞争内外部环境中,只有通过提升个人外汇业务的管理水平,银行做大、做强本块业务。
China's foreign exchange reserves at the end of1993balance of$21.2billion, but until the end of2012, the balance of China's foreign exchange reserves reached$3,311,600,000,000. In the backdrop of the foreign exchange reserves increased year by year, in2006, when he was appointed central bank vice governor Wu Xiaoling "hidden Meeting the people" this historic concept, advocated by market-oriented approach to solve the current foreign exchange reserves of the Bank of China increased year by year and structural asymmetry problem. This is a great encouragement to individual foreign exchange transactions of domestic investors, active use of fluctuations in foreign exchange rate movements on the international foreign exchange market foreign exchange transactions, not only to avoid exchange rate volatility risk, but also able to hand the preservation and appreciation of foreign currency assets.
Deposit and loan spreads situation in the one-year benchmark interest rate of the deposits and loans of the People's Bank of China announced on May1,1996, the interest spread of3.98percentage points, save since July6,2012loan spreads have narrowed to2.75percentage points. And external financing through bank loans, as time progresses, the indirect financing through bank borrowings will be getting lower and lower percentage in corporate finance. Trend of deposits and poor space compression and enterprises gradually reduce the reliance on bank financing, commercial banks are constantly looking for new business, develop new profit growth point. Commercial bank personal foreign exchange business is not only a very low occupancy rate of economic capital and risk and high profit contribution, and the trend of internationalization of the RMB, will increasingly become the development direction of the banking business. However, due to the development of China's commercial banks in the individual foreign exchange trading business is only twenty years of history, but also due to the restrictions on the country's current foreign exchange policy, individual foreign exchange transactions of various commercial banks there are not only trading a single species, and the internal mechanism is not perfect, professional The good and bad mixed trading system is imperfect, and business development strategy and business philosophy immature situation. Therefore, how the upper and lower overall linkage, seize the opportunity to accelerate development, to gain greater market space for development, and foster new profit growth point, becomes necessary to make some explore.
Wenzhou, Zhejiang, and even the famous hometown of overseas Chinese in the country, the city's more than50million overseas Chinese overseas, every year a large number of foreign funds into or brought into the foreign currency savings and therefore very rich in resources. The ABC Bank branch in Wenzhou City on December21,2001officially opened personal foreign exchange business, with excellent business promotion and customer marketing efforts, and improve the trading system, first-class venues and facilities, competitive trading offer other advantages, business extremely rapid development momentum in official trading on the first day of trading volume that is nearly$100million, the highest daily turnover hit a record, the highest single-day trading volume exceeded$270million. But the actual problems encountered with the the ABC Bank personal foreign exchange business start-up process and not at the business development to frustrated and decline, until2012, annual volume of only$1.2billion, the situation is not optimistic. Comprehensive analysis of the reasons, by the macroeconomic environment and the operating mechanism, with ABC Bank, Wenzhou Branch Bank's own business is closely related to the ABC Bank Wenzhou branch of their own strength and competitiveness, make sweeping changes to adapt to the new operating situation is imperative.
This article is based on the importance of the development of personal foreign exchange business of commercial banks and urgency, first of all to the development of individual foreign exchange transactions of commercial banks business background and the domestic industry to the development of individual foreign exchange transactions of commercial banks Business Research brief exposition presented writing of this thesis practical significance. Then the concept and characteristics of the foreign exchange currency trading by commercial banks of the exchange price of two ways, the major international foreign exchange market, a systematic exposition, in order to have a basic understanding of foreign exchange transactions, laid the necessary theoretical basis for this thesis research. Then, through case investigation and analysis of the commercial bank personal foreign exchange business start-up process of the actual problems encountered and not at, summed up the measures and countermeasures commercial bank shall develop personal foreign exchange business should need to be addressed.
First chapter first introduces the research background and significance of the development of personal foreign exchange business of commercial banks, as well as the theoretical study abroad on exchange rate determination, the domestic development of individual foreign exchange business practice and exploration, this paper research methods and ideas. Sketched out the framework of this study. Finally, pointed out that the research and innovation and shortcomings.
The second chapter, the main concepts and features from foreign exchange of commercial bank transaction currency, exchange rate the price of two ways, the major international foreign exchange market, the basic exposition.
Chapter III through case research problems encountered in the ABC Wenzhou branch of the Bank of personal foreign exchange business development, economic profile from the introduction of Wenzhou, Wenzhou individual foreign exchange business profile, specific and in-depth ABC Bank, Wenzhou Branch personal foreign exchange business case study.
Chapter IV, ABC Bank, Wenzhou Branch personal foreign exchange business SWOT analysis.
Chapter V, combined with the actual put forward feasible suggestions for the development of commercial bank personal foreign exchange business.
Innovation of this paper and specialty also lies in this:This article is based on the practical research of the author of the ABC Bank, Wenzhou Branch personal foreign exchange business development, based on years of organizing the block of business to specific business practices, the use of real case data analysis ABC Bank of Wenzhou Branch personal foreign exchange business problems. ABC Bank, Wenzhou Branch develop personal foreign exchange business at the same time easy to understand layers of analysis.
In this paper, the study found that all commercial banks in the development of intermediary business, the development of personal foreign exchange trading business got a better understanding on the depth and breadth and requirements, they pay more attention both to control operational risks, but also the healthy development of the block of business. In the increasingly fierce banking competition process for ABC Bank branch in Wenzhou City, a complex competitive internal and external environment, only by enhancing the management level of the individual foreign exchange business, banks bigger, stronger business in this block.
从存贷款利差情况来看,在1996年5月1日中国人民银行公布的存贷款一年期基准利率来看,存贷款利差为3.98个百分点,而自2012年7月6日至今存贷款利差已缩小为2.75个百分点。而且,以前企业外部融资主要通过银行贷款来进行,随着时间的推进,通过银行借贷的间接融资方式在企业融资的占比会越来越低。在存贷差空间不断压缩以及企业逐渐减少依赖银行融资的趋势下,商业银行正需要不断地寻找新兴的业务,开拓新的利润增长点。而商业银行个人外汇交易业务不仅经济资金占用率极低,而且风险小而综合利润贡献率高,并且在人民币国际化大趋势下,将会越来越成为银行业务发展的方向。但由于我国商业银行在个人外汇交易业务上的发展只不过二十来年的历史,而且由于当前国家外汇政策上的限制,各个商业银行个人外汇交易不仅存在交易品种单一,而且内部机制不完善、专业人员良莠不一、交易系统不完善,以及业务发展战略和经营理念不成熟等情况。因此,如何通过上下整体联动,抢抓机遇,加快发展,获得更大的市场发展空间,培育新的利润增长点,显得很有必要作些探讨。
温州是浙江,乃至全国著名的侨乡,全市在海外有50多万华侨,每年有大量的外币资金汇入或携入,因而外币储蓄资源十分丰富。ABC银行温州市分行于2001年12月21日正式对外开办个人外汇交易业务,凭借出色的业务宣传和客户营销工作,以及完善的交易系统、一流的场地设施、竞争性的交易报价等优势,业务发展势头极为迅猛,正式交易首日交易量即近1亿美元,创下全国日成交最高的记录,单日交易量最高突破2.7亿美元。但随着ABC银行个人外汇交易业务开办过程实际碰到的问题和不足之处,业务发展受挫并没落,时至2012年全年交易量仅12亿美元,情况不容乐观。综合分析原因,除了受宏观经济环境和经营机制影响外,这与ABC银行温州市分行自身银行自身经营有着密切关系,ABC银行温州市分行自身实力和竞争力不强,进行全面调整以适应新的经营形势势在必行。
本文基于发展商业银行个人外汇交易业务的重要性和紧迫性,首先对发展商业银行个人外汇交易业务的研究背景和国内行业内对发展商业银行个人外汇交易业务研究现状进行了简要的阐述,提出了撰写本篇论文的现实意义。接着对外汇的概念和特征、我国各商业银行可交易的货币种类、汇率标价的两种方式、国际上各大外汇市场等情况进行了系统性的阐述,以期对外汇交易有一个基本的认识,为本篇论文的研究奠定了必要的理论基础。然后,通过案例调研分析研究了商业银行个人外汇交易业务开办过程实际碰到的问题和不足之处,总结出商业银行应对发展个人外汇交易业务应切实地需要应对的措施和对策。
第一章,首先介绍了发展个人外汇交易业务的研究背景和意义,以及目前国外对汇率决定理论的研究、国内对发展个人外汇交易业务的实践和探索研究,同时介绍了这篇论文的研究方法与思路。从而勾勒出了本文的研究框架。最后,指出了本文的研究创新与不足之处。
第二章,主要从外汇的概念和特征、我国各商业银行可交易的货币种类、汇率标价的两种方式、国际上各大外汇市场等进行了基本的阐述。
第三章,通过案例调研了ABC银行温州分行个人外汇交易业务发展中的遇到的问题,从介绍温州经济概况、温州地区个人外汇业务概况,再具体深入对ABC银行温州市分行个人外汇交易业务情况进行研究。
第四章,对ABC银行温州市分行个人外汇交易业务进行的SWOT分析。
第五章,结合实际提出发展ABC银行温州市分行个人外汇交易业务的可行性建议。本文的创新点及特色也在于此：本文建立在笔者对ABC银行温州市分行个人外汇交易业务发展的切实研究,根据多年的从筹办本块业务到具体业务实践,运用真实的案例数据分析了ABC银行温州市分行个人外汇交易业务的各种问题。同时由深入浅出层层剖析ABC银行温州市分行如果实现发展个人外汇交易业务。
本文通过研究发现各商业银行在发展中间业务,发展个人外汇交易业务在深度和广度上有了进一步的认识和要求,他们更加重视如果既能控制经营风险,又能稳健发展本块业务。同时在日益激烈的银行业务竞争过程中,对于ABC银行温州市分行在复杂的竞争内外部环境中,只有通过提升个人外汇业务的管理水平,银行做大、做强本块业务。
China's foreign exchange reserves at the end of1993balance of$21.2billion, but until the end of2012, the balance of China's foreign exchange reserves reached$3,311,600,000,000. In the backdrop of the foreign exchange reserves increased year by year, in2006, when he was appointed central bank vice governor Wu Xiaoling "hidden Meeting the people" this historic concept, advocated by market-oriented approach to solve the current foreign exchange reserves of the Bank of China increased year by year and structural asymmetry problem. This is a great encouragement to individual foreign exchange transactions of domestic investors, active use of fluctuations in foreign exchange rate movements on the international foreign exchange market foreign exchange transactions, not only to avoid exchange rate volatility risk, but also able to hand the preservation and appreciation of foreign currency assets.
Deposit and loan spreads situation in the one-year benchmark interest rate of the deposits and loans of the People's Bank of China announced on May1,1996, the interest spread of3.98percentage points, save since July6,2012loan spreads have narrowed to2.75percentage points. And external financing through bank loans, as time progresses, the indirect financing through bank borrowings will be getting lower and lower percentage in corporate finance. Trend of deposits and poor space compression and enterprises gradually reduce the reliance on bank financing, commercial banks are constantly looking for new business, develop new profit growth point. Commercial bank personal foreign exchange business is not only a very low occupancy rate of economic capital and risk and high profit contribution, and the trend of internationalization of the RMB, will increasingly become the development direction of the banking business. However, due to the development of China's commercial banks in the individual foreign exchange trading business is only twenty years of history, but also due to the restrictions on the country's current foreign exchange policy, individual foreign exchange transactions of various commercial banks there are not only trading a single species, and the internal mechanism is not perfect, professional The good and bad mixed trading system is imperfect, and business development strategy and business philosophy immature situation. Therefore, how the upper and lower overall linkage, seize the opportunity to accelerate development, to gain greater market space for development, and foster new profit growth point, becomes necessary to make some explore.
Wenzhou, Zhejiang, and even the famous hometown of overseas Chinese in the country, the city's more than50million overseas Chinese overseas, every year a large number of foreign funds into or brought into the foreign currency savings and therefore very rich in resources. The ABC Bank branch in Wenzhou City on December21,2001officially opened personal foreign exchange business, with excellent business promotion and customer marketing efforts, and improve the trading system, first-class venues and facilities, competitive trading offer other advantages, business extremely rapid development momentum in official trading on the first day of trading volume that is nearly$100million, the highest daily turnover hit a record, the highest single-day trading volume exceeded$270million. But the actual problems encountered with the the ABC Bank personal foreign exchange business start-up process and not at the business development to frustrated and decline, until2012, annual volume of only$1.2billion, the situation is not optimistic. Comprehensive analysis of the reasons, by the macroeconomic environment and the operating mechanism, with ABC Bank, Wenzhou Branch Bank's own business is closely related to the ABC Bank Wenzhou branch of their own strength and competitiveness, make sweeping changes to adapt to the new operating situation is imperative.
This article is based on the importance of the development of personal foreign exchange business of commercial banks and urgency, first of all to the development of individual foreign exchange transactions of commercial banks business background and the domestic industry to the development of individual foreign exchange transactions of commercial banks Business Research brief exposition presented writing of this thesis practical significance. Then the concept and characteristics of the foreign exchange currency trading by commercial banks of the exchange price of two ways, the major international foreign exchange market, a systematic exposition, in order to have a basic understanding of foreign exchange transactions, laid the necessary theoretical basis for this thesis research. Then, through case investigation and analysis of the commercial bank personal foreign exchange business start-up process of the actual problems encountered and not at, summed up the measures and countermeasures commercial bank shall develop personal foreign exchange business should need to be addressed.
First chapter first introduces the research background and significance of the development of personal foreign exchange business of commercial banks, as well as the theoretical study abroad on exchange rate determination, the domestic development of individual foreign exchange business practice and exploration, this paper research methods and ideas. Sketched out the framework of this study. Finally, pointed out that the research and innovation and shortcomings.
The second chapter, the main concepts and features from foreign exchange of commercial bank transaction currency, exchange rate the price of two ways, the major international foreign exchange market, the basic exposition.
Chapter III through case research problems encountered in the ABC Wenzhou branch of the Bank of personal foreign exchange business development, economic profile from the introduction of Wenzhou, Wenzhou individual foreign exchange business profile, specific and in-depth ABC Bank, Wenzhou Branch personal foreign exchange business case study.
Chapter IV, ABC Bank, Wenzhou Branch personal foreign exchange business SWOT analysis.
Chapter V, combined with the actual put forward feasible suggestions for the development of commercial bank personal foreign exchange business.
Innovation of this paper and specialty also lies in this:This article is based on the practical research of the author of the ABC Bank, Wenzhou Branch personal foreign exchange business development, based on years of organizing the block of business to specific business practices, the use of real case data analysis ABC Bank of Wenzhou Branch personal foreign exchange business problems. ABC Bank, Wenzhou Branch develop personal foreign exchange business at the same time easy to understand layers of analysis.
In this paper, the study found that all commercial banks in the development of intermediary business, the development of personal foreign exchange trading business got a better understanding on the depth and breadth and requirements, they pay more attention both to control operational risks, but also the healthy development of the block of business. In the increasingly fierce banking competition process for ABC Bank branch in Wenzhou City, a complex competitive internal and external environment, only by enhancing the management level of the individual foreign exchange business, banks bigger, stronger business in this block.
引文
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