重庆市能源效率及其影响因素研究
摘要
目前,重庆工业仍然以传统的重化工业为主,产品能源、原材料的消耗占企业生产成本的75%左右,单位产值能耗为世界平均水平的2~3倍,主要用能产品单位能耗比国外先进水平高40%,单位产值污染物(二氧化硫)排放量是发达国家的8～10倍。重庆GDP占全国的比重仅1.68%,工业废水排放量却占全国的3.75%,工业二氧化硫排放量占3.39%,危险废物产生量占10%以上。也就是说,每创造单位GDP,重庆要多排放一倍以上的废弃物。重庆市高耗能行业的单位产品能耗比世界先进水平高20~50%,而高耗能行业的能源消费占工业部门能源消费总量的70%以上。
首先通过查阅相关文献,对现有能源效率的研究成果进行总结分析,探索出能源效率评价方法及其因素分析方法,然后对重庆市能源现状进行描述,在此基础上建立能源效率评价指标体系,并采用DEA(数据包络分析)方法对其进行评价,此外,本文还对能源效率影响因素进行分析,从而提出提高能源效率的政策性建议。
根据研究结果表明,重庆市2002~2008年的能源效率呈现出先下降、再上升的趋势,到2009年,能源投入与经济产出达到了最高点。三大区域能源效率从高到低依次为:“一小时经济圈”、渝东北翼、渝东南翼。在能源效率的诸多影响因素中,在诸多影响能源效率的因素中,科技发展水平、产业结构、工业结构以及能源消费结构对能源效率的影响尤为显著。
At present, Chongqing industry is still in the traditional heavy industry. Product energy and raw material consumption accounts for about 75% of the enterprise production costs. Unit of energy consumption is 2 to 3 times of the average world leve. Per kilometer products which mainly consume fuel are 40% higher than the developed countries. Poluttants(Sulfur dioxide) emission of per production value is 8 to 10 times of the developed countries.Chongqing GDP accounts for about 1.68% of China while the industrial wastewater is 3.75% of our country. Sulphur dioxide emission accounts for 3.39% and hazardous waste is more than 10%.That’s to say, Chongqing will create more than double discharge of wastes per unit of GDP.Unit product energy consumption of high consumption industry which consume 20% to 50% more than word advanced level, accounts for about 70% of the industry department total energy consumption.
First of all, summaring and analysing the research achievements about energy efficiency by reviewing literatures, this paper explores the energy efficiency evaluation methods and factor analysis method.And then,Chqongqing energy general situation is stated based on which appraisal indicators system of energy efficiency is constructed.Meanwhile,the paper assess Chongqing energy efficiency by EDA.In addition,this paper analyses energy efficiency the influence factors and gives policy advice to improve energy efficiency.
According to research,from 2002 to 2008,the overall energy efficiency of Chongqing has emerged to drop, and then an upward trend.To 2009, energy investment and economic output reached a relative optimal point. The energy efficiency of the three region from high to low is: An hour economic circle, Northeast wing of Cgongqing and Southeast wing of Cgongqing.A number of factors Such as the level of science and technology development,industrial structure and energy consumption structure affected energy efficiency especially notable.
首先通过查阅相关文献,对现有能源效率的研究成果进行总结分析,探索出能源效率评价方法及其因素分析方法,然后对重庆市能源现状进行描述,在此基础上建立能源效率评价指标体系,并采用DEA(数据包络分析)方法对其进行评价,此外,本文还对能源效率影响因素进行分析,从而提出提高能源效率的政策性建议。
根据研究结果表明,重庆市2002~2008年的能源效率呈现出先下降、再上升的趋势,到2009年,能源投入与经济产出达到了最高点。三大区域能源效率从高到低依次为:“一小时经济圈”、渝东北翼、渝东南翼。在能源效率的诸多影响因素中,在诸多影响能源效率的因素中,科技发展水平、产业结构、工业结构以及能源消费结构对能源效率的影响尤为显著。
At present, Chongqing industry is still in the traditional heavy industry. Product energy and raw material consumption accounts for about 75% of the enterprise production costs. Unit of energy consumption is 2 to 3 times of the average world leve. Per kilometer products which mainly consume fuel are 40% higher than the developed countries. Poluttants(Sulfur dioxide) emission of per production value is 8 to 10 times of the developed countries.Chongqing GDP accounts for about 1.68% of China while the industrial wastewater is 3.75% of our country. Sulphur dioxide emission accounts for 3.39% and hazardous waste is more than 10%.That’s to say, Chongqing will create more than double discharge of wastes per unit of GDP.Unit product energy consumption of high consumption industry which consume 20% to 50% more than word advanced level, accounts for about 70% of the industry department total energy consumption.
First of all, summaring and analysing the research achievements about energy efficiency by reviewing literatures, this paper explores the energy efficiency evaluation methods and factor analysis method.And then,Chqongqing energy general situation is stated based on which appraisal indicators system of energy efficiency is constructed.Meanwhile,the paper assess Chongqing energy efficiency by EDA.In addition,this paper analyses energy efficiency the influence factors and gives policy advice to improve energy efficiency.
According to research,from 2002 to 2008,the overall energy efficiency of Chongqing has emerged to drop, and then an upward trend.To 2009, energy investment and economic output reached a relative optimal point. The energy efficiency of the three region from high to low is: An hour economic circle, Northeast wing of Cgongqing and Southeast wing of Cgongqing.A number of factors Such as the level of science and technology development,industrial structure and energy consumption structure affected energy efficiency especially notable.
引文
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[10]杨红亮,史丹.能效研究方法和中国各地区能源效率的比较[J].经济理论与经济管理,2008(3):12~13.
[11]吴琦,武春友.基于DEA的能源效率评价模型研究[J].管理科学,2009,22(1):104~105.
[12] APERC. Energy efficiency indicators,a study of energy efficiency indicators for Industry in APEC economies [R].Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre: Tokyo,2000.
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[18]王珊珊.我国能源效率指标及提升对策的研究[D].青岛:青岛大学,2007.
[19]王庆一.中国的能源效率及国际比较(上) [J].节能与环保,2003(8):5.
[20]耿诺.中国能源效率分析[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2008.
[21] Silberglitt Richard,etal. Analysis of US energy scenarios: Scenarios,pathways and Policy implications [J].Technological forecasting&Social change,2003,70(4):297~315.
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[23]周鹏,B.W.Ang,周德群.基于指数分解分析的宏观能源效率评价[J].能源技术与管理,2007(5):5~8.
[24] Fishe-Vanden K,etal.What is driving China’s decline in energy intensity?[J].Resouce And Energy Economies,2004(26):77~97.
[25] ChunhuaWang.Decomposing energy productivity change:A distance function Approach[J].Energy,2007(32):1326~1333.
[26] Biro1 F,Keppler JH. Prices,technology development and the rebound effect[J].Energy Policy,2000(28):457~469.
[27] Hang Tu.“The impacts of energy prices on energy intensity: Evidence from China”[J].Energy Policy,2007(35):2978~2988.
[28] Ian Sue Wing,Riehard S Eekaus. Explaining long-run changes in the energy intensity of the U.S[R].Economy,Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change,2007.
[29]王庆一.能源效率及相关政策和技术[J].应用能源技术,2002(6):1~2.
[30]高振宇,王益.我国能源生产率的地区划分及影响因素分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2006(9):46~56.
[31]董利.我国能源效率变化趋势的影响因素分析[J].产业经济研究,2008(1):8.
[32]宣能啸.我国能源效率问题分析[J].国际石油经济,2004,12(9):38~39.
[33]徐国泉,姜照华.技术进步、结构变化与美国能源效率的关系[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2007(3):104~105.
[34]尹宗成,丁日佳,江激宇.FDI、人力资本、R&D与中国能源效率[J].财贸经济,2008(9):95~98.
[35]屈小娥.中国省际能源效率差异及其影响因素分析[J].经济理论与经济管理,2009(2):46~51.
[2]刘树成,新中国经济增长60年曲线的回顾与展望—兼论新一轮经济周期[J].经济学动态,2009年.第10期:10.
[3]中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室.中国的能源状况与政策[R].中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室,2007年12月
[4]朱成章.关于国内生产总值能源消耗的计算方法[J].煤炭经济研究,2006(3):14.
[5]王庆一.能源效率及相关政策和技术[J].应用能源技术,2002(6):1.
[6] Bosseboeuf D,Chateau B,Lapillone B.Cross- country comparison on energy efficiency indicators :The on-going European effort towards a common methodology [J].Energy Policy,1997,25(9):673~682.
[7]蒋金荷.提高能源效率与经济结构调整的策略分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2004(10):16~18.
[8]史丹.中国能源效率的地区差异与节能潜力分析[J].中国工业经济,2006(10):50.
[9]史丹,董利等.我国各地能源效率与节能潜力及影响因素分析[J].天然气技术,2007,(l2):5.
[10]杨红亮,史丹.能效研究方法和中国各地区能源效率的比较[J].经济理论与经济管理,2008(3):12~13.
[11]吴琦,武春友.基于DEA的能源效率评价模型研究[J].管理科学,2009,22(1):104~105.
[12] APERC. Energy efficiency indicators,a study of energy efficiency indicators for Industry in APEC economies [R].Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre: Tokyo,2000.
[13] Patterson MG..What is energy efficiency? Concepts,indicators and methodological issues [J].Energy Policy,1996,24(5):377~390.
[14] Eichhamer W , Mannsbart W.Industrial energy efficiency–indicators for a European cross-country comparison of energy efficiency in the manufacturing industry[J].Energy Policy,1997,25(9):759~772.
[15] Leena Kilponen.Energy Efficiency Indicators-Concepts , Methodological Issues , and Connection to Pulp and Paper Industry[D].Energy Economies and Power Plant Engineering : Helsinki University of Technology,2003.
[16] IEA.Indicators of energy use and efficiency .Understanding the link between energy and human activity [R].International Energy Agency,1997.
[17] Tiwari Piyush. An analysis of sectoral energy intensity in India[J].Energy Policy,2000,28(11):771~778.
[18]王珊珊.我国能源效率指标及提升对策的研究[D].青岛:青岛大学,2007.
[19]王庆一.中国的能源效率及国际比较(上) [J].节能与环保,2003(8):5.
[20]耿诺.中国能源效率分析[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2008.
[21] Silberglitt Richard,etal. Analysis of US energy scenarios: Scenarios,pathways and Policy implications [J].Technological forecasting&Social change,2003,70(4):297~315.
[22] Worrell E Price L. Policy Scenarios for energy efficiency improvement in industry.Energy Policy[J],2001,29(14):1223~1241.
[23]周鹏,B.W.Ang,周德群.基于指数分解分析的宏观能源效率评价[J].能源技术与管理,2007(5):5~8.
[24] Fishe-Vanden K,etal.What is driving China’s decline in energy intensity?[J].Resouce And Energy Economies,2004(26):77~97.
[25] ChunhuaWang.Decomposing energy productivity change:A distance function Approach[J].Energy,2007(32):1326~1333.
[26] Biro1 F,Keppler JH. Prices,technology development and the rebound effect[J].Energy Policy,2000(28):457~469.
[27] Hang Tu.“The impacts of energy prices on energy intensity: Evidence from China”[J].Energy Policy,2007(35):2978~2988.
[28] Ian Sue Wing,Riehard S Eekaus. Explaining long-run changes in the energy intensity of the U.S[R].Economy,Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change,2007.
[29]王庆一.能源效率及相关政策和技术[J].应用能源技术,2002(6):1~2.
[30]高振宇,王益.我国能源生产率的地区划分及影响因素分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2006(9):46~56.
[31]董利.我国能源效率变化趋势的影响因素分析[J].产业经济研究,2008(1):8.
[32]宣能啸.我国能源效率问题分析[J].国际石油经济,2004,12(9):38~39.
[33]徐国泉,姜照华.技术进步、结构变化与美国能源效率的关系[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2007(3):104~105.
[34]尹宗成,丁日佳,江激宇.FDI、人力资本、R&D与中国能源效率[J].财贸经济,2008(9):95~98.
[35]屈小娥.中国省际能源效率差异及其影响因素分析[J].经济理论与经济管理,2009(2):46~51.