基于BIM技术的施工企业信息资源利用系统研究
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摘要
施工企业现已广泛采用信息系统进行项目管理和企业管理,并积累了大量信息,这些信息涉及人员、机械、材料等对象,覆盖进度、成本、质量、技术等方面。其中有再利用价值的部分,在本研究中称为施工企业信息资源。可以预见,充分利用信息资源可为施工企业管理决策提供依据,从而提高现有施工企业的管理水平。目前传统方法主要通过手工方式或利用以BI(Business Intelligence,商业智能)软件为代表的相关工具,其中前者效率较低,后者实施难度较高,施工企业难以有效利用信息资源。
为有效利用信息资源,本研究综合应用BIM(Building Informationn Model,建筑信息模型)技术、IFC(Industry Foundation Classes,工业基础类)标准及相关研究成果,提出了信息资源利用的新方法,即定期从企业信息系统中提取信息资源并以标准化的形式对其进行统一存储与管理,并将信息资源利用划分为信息资源提取,信息资源加工,信息资源管理和信息资源利用四个阶段。针对信息资源管理提取,本研究基于文献归纳决策环节与管理信息,并通过专家研讨会对其可再利用度进行了评价与验证,识别得到主要信息资源。针对信息资源加工,本研究基于面向对象方法,扩展IFC标准以表示信息资源并对其进行了验证,从而建立了基于IFC标准的施工企业信息资源模型,为信息资源加工奠定了基础。针对信息资源管理,本研究比较不同数据库管理存储IFC数据的效率,指出面向对象数据库能更高效地管理IFC数据并利用其存储IFC数据;提出了基于IFC数据映射生成信息资源的方法并对其进行验证,为信息资源管理奠定基础。在以上分析基础上,本研究进行了需求分析和详细设计,基于面向对象数据库开发了施工企业信息资源利用系统InfoReuse;该系统可对信息资源进行管理、查询、图形显示、多元线性回归等方式方法进行利用,并可将信息资源以满足其他分析工具的形式导出。最后本研究结合企业实际信息对该系统的可行性和有效性进行了验证。
本研究成果表明,BIM技术能有效地组织与表示施工企业信息资源,信息资源利用系统能为为施工企业利用信息资源提供了有效工具。本研究对辅助提高施工企业管理决策能力具有重要价值。
Nowadays most construction firms are using information management systems as management tools in construction management and more and more information is being accumulated in the systems with time, relating to such productive elements as labor, machine and material etc., and covering such managerial subjects as schedule, cost, quality, etc. The information that can be reused is called information resources in the context of this study. It could be predicted that by making full use of the information resources, the decision-making in the management could be improved, which thus enhances the competitiveness of construction firms. Traditional methods for utilizing information resources can be grouped into two types, i.e. to extract and analyze information manually and by using such software as BI (Business Intelligence) software. Since the former was not efficient and the latter requires the help of professional consulting, it is difficult for most construction firms to utilize information resources.
In order to facilitate utilizing the information resources, a conceptual framework for reusing the information resources was proposed based on BIM (Building Information Model) technology, IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) standard and related researches, which extracts information resources project by project and manages them in the standard format. The framework could be divided into four phases, i.e. the extraction, the standardization, the management and the detailed analysis of information resources.
In the extraction phase, decision activities and preliminary information resource items were identified by means of literature reviews and expert workshops. The reusability of information resource items was evaluated in an evaluation workshop, and the result was verified in a verification workshop. In the standardization phase, the extension of IFC standard was carried based on the analysis of information resources by using object-oriented method, and information resource items were represented by using the IFC to verify its feasibility. Then the model of information resources based on IFC standard was established to lay its foundation. In the management phase, the performance of managing IFC data in various databases was evaluated and the object-oriented database was selected to store IFC data due to its high performance. Then the method on how to form information resource based on the IFC standard was analyzed and the instances were give to verify its feasibility. Based on these analyses, the information resources reuse system named InfoReuse in construction firms was formulated and developed, where object-oriented database and object-oriented programming method were taken. Information resources could be managed and retrieved in the system and such method as multi regression algorithm could be applied to analyze the information. Then the system was applied in the construction firm using real information resource to verity its feasibility and effectiveness of the system.
The result of this study has indicated that information resources could be organized and represented by using BIM data standard and the system provides a solution for construction firms, which has important significance for the decision-making of construction firms.
为有效利用信息资源,本研究综合应用BIM(Building Informationn Model,建筑信息模型)技术、IFC(Industry Foundation Classes,工业基础类)标准及相关研究成果,提出了信息资源利用的新方法,即定期从企业信息系统中提取信息资源并以标准化的形式对其进行统一存储与管理,并将信息资源利用划分为信息资源提取,信息资源加工,信息资源管理和信息资源利用四个阶段。针对信息资源管理提取,本研究基于文献归纳决策环节与管理信息,并通过专家研讨会对其可再利用度进行了评价与验证,识别得到主要信息资源。针对信息资源加工,本研究基于面向对象方法,扩展IFC标准以表示信息资源并对其进行了验证,从而建立了基于IFC标准的施工企业信息资源模型,为信息资源加工奠定了基础。针对信息资源管理,本研究比较不同数据库管理存储IFC数据的效率,指出面向对象数据库能更高效地管理IFC数据并利用其存储IFC数据;提出了基于IFC数据映射生成信息资源的方法并对其进行验证,为信息资源管理奠定基础。在以上分析基础上,本研究进行了需求分析和详细设计,基于面向对象数据库开发了施工企业信息资源利用系统InfoReuse;该系统可对信息资源进行管理、查询、图形显示、多元线性回归等方式方法进行利用,并可将信息资源以满足其他分析工具的形式导出。最后本研究结合企业实际信息对该系统的可行性和有效性进行了验证。
本研究成果表明,BIM技术能有效地组织与表示施工企业信息资源,信息资源利用系统能为为施工企业利用信息资源提供了有效工具。本研究对辅助提高施工企业管理决策能力具有重要价值。
Nowadays most construction firms are using information management systems as management tools in construction management and more and more information is being accumulated in the systems with time, relating to such productive elements as labor, machine and material etc., and covering such managerial subjects as schedule, cost, quality, etc. The information that can be reused is called information resources in the context of this study. It could be predicted that by making full use of the information resources, the decision-making in the management could be improved, which thus enhances the competitiveness of construction firms. Traditional methods for utilizing information resources can be grouped into two types, i.e. to extract and analyze information manually and by using such software as BI (Business Intelligence) software. Since the former was not efficient and the latter requires the help of professional consulting, it is difficult for most construction firms to utilize information resources.
In order to facilitate utilizing the information resources, a conceptual framework for reusing the information resources was proposed based on BIM (Building Information Model) technology, IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) standard and related researches, which extracts information resources project by project and manages them in the standard format. The framework could be divided into four phases, i.e. the extraction, the standardization, the management and the detailed analysis of information resources.
In the extraction phase, decision activities and preliminary information resource items were identified by means of literature reviews and expert workshops. The reusability of information resource items was evaluated in an evaluation workshop, and the result was verified in a verification workshop. In the standardization phase, the extension of IFC standard was carried based on the analysis of information resources by using object-oriented method, and information resource items were represented by using the IFC to verify its feasibility. Then the model of information resources based on IFC standard was established to lay its foundation. In the management phase, the performance of managing IFC data in various databases was evaluated and the object-oriented database was selected to store IFC data due to its high performance. Then the method on how to form information resource based on the IFC standard was analyzed and the instances were give to verify its feasibility. Based on these analyses, the information resources reuse system named InfoReuse in construction firms was formulated and developed, where object-oriented database and object-oriented programming method were taken. Information resources could be managed and retrieved in the system and such method as multi regression algorithm could be applied to analyze the information. Then the system was applied in the construction firm using real information resource to verity its feasibility and effectiveness of the system.
The result of this study has indicated that information resources could be organized and represented by using BIM data standard and the system provides a solution for construction firms, which has important significance for the decision-making of construction firms.
引文
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