微小型槽道平板热管传热特性研究
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摘要
微小型槽道平板热管因其在微电子设备冷却领域的广泛而又重要的应用前景,已经越来越受到研究人员的重视。国外对该种热管的研究已经取得了一些开创性的成果,但是相关研究在我国还较缺乏,处于起步阶段。本文在大量查阅现有国内外文献的基础上,总结并综合前人有关微槽平板热管理论研究方面的成果,对单面刻有槽道的微槽平板热管进行了较为深入和细致的研究。
本文的研究共分两大部分,其中第一部分考察了该型热管的整体工作表现,通过建立数学模型和开发相应的计算程序,得到了热管内部毛细流动和传热的数据,分析了热管在不同工作倾角、不同加热热流以及不同工作温度等情况下工作特性的变化规律,考察了汽液界面上的剪切作用对热管传热量的影响,并且进一步在理论上预测了该型热管的毛细和沸腾极限。本文第二部分在前一部分研究的基础上对微细槽道内形成的液体弯月面尤其是蒸发薄液膜部分的蒸发换热进行了研究。通过参考前人研究成果,建立起相关数学模型,得到了汽液弯月面在薄液膜区域的流动和换热规律,分析了槽道宽度等参量对微区域传热的影响,并计算得到了微区域传热量占整个液体弯月面的份额。最后,本文总结归纳了研究得到的该型微槽平板热管传热特性,为今后的工程设计、应用和优化提供一定的理论支持,并对该型热管今后的进一步深入研究提出了展望。
Flat miniature grooved heat pipe(FMGHP) has attracted increasing attention from researchers for its prospect on cooling the micro-electronic elements.Some creative works have been done by foreign researchers,but it is still lack of relevent research in our country。This paper studies the FMGHP with grooves in one side of the plate in a detailed way based on the theoretic works made by the former researchers.
This paper is consisted of two major parts:one deals with the general working performance of the FMGHP by setting up mathematic model and developing computer procedure,getting the datum related to the capillary flow and heat transfer, analysing the working characteristics of FMGHP in different working temperature,heat flux and inclination angle etc.In this part,the prediction of capillary and boiling limit are also included.The other major part studies the flow and heat transfer characteristics in the micro-film region formed by the meniscus attached on the metalic fin in the micro rectangular groove.Investigations on the influence of width of groove and other factors on heat transfer in this region have been made.The importance of this micro-region in the heat transfer of the entire heat pipe has been unveiled.The heat transfer characteristics gotten by this research could be used in design and application and also optimization of this kind of FMGHP.
本文的研究共分两大部分,其中第一部分考察了该型热管的整体工作表现,通过建立数学模型和开发相应的计算程序,得到了热管内部毛细流动和传热的数据,分析了热管在不同工作倾角、不同加热热流以及不同工作温度等情况下工作特性的变化规律,考察了汽液界面上的剪切作用对热管传热量的影响,并且进一步在理论上预测了该型热管的毛细和沸腾极限。本文第二部分在前一部分研究的基础上对微细槽道内形成的液体弯月面尤其是蒸发薄液膜部分的蒸发换热进行了研究。通过参考前人研究成果,建立起相关数学模型,得到了汽液弯月面在薄液膜区域的流动和换热规律,分析了槽道宽度等参量对微区域传热的影响,并计算得到了微区域传热量占整个液体弯月面的份额。最后,本文总结归纳了研究得到的该型微槽平板热管传热特性,为今后的工程设计、应用和优化提供一定的理论支持,并对该型热管今后的进一步深入研究提出了展望。
Flat miniature grooved heat pipe(FMGHP) has attracted increasing attention from researchers for its prospect on cooling the micro-electronic elements.Some creative works have been done by foreign researchers,but it is still lack of relevent research in our country。This paper studies the FMGHP with grooves in one side of the plate in a detailed way based on the theoretic works made by the former researchers.
This paper is consisted of two major parts:one deals with the general working performance of the FMGHP by setting up mathematic model and developing computer procedure,getting the datum related to the capillary flow and heat transfer, analysing the working characteristics of FMGHP in different working temperature,heat flux and inclination angle etc.In this part,the prediction of capillary and boiling limit are also included.The other major part studies the flow and heat transfer characteristics in the micro-film region formed by the meniscus attached on the metalic fin in the micro rectangular groove.Investigations on the influence of width of groove and other factors on heat transfer in this region have been made.The importance of this micro-region in the heat transfer of the entire heat pipe has been unveiled.The heat transfer characteristics gotten by this research could be used in design and application and also optimization of this kind of FMGHP.
引文
[1] 范春利,曲伟,孙丰瑞等,微小型热管的研究现状与进展,电子器件,2004,27(1):211-216
[2] 曹业玲,矩形通道空芯冷板换热特性研究:[硕士学位论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2003
[3] L.A.Nelson,K.S.Sekhon,J.E.Frita,Direct heat pipe cooling of semiconductor devices,Proceedings of the 3rd International Heat pipe Conference.1978:332-339
[4] 姚寿广,马哲树,罗林等,电子电器设备中高效热管散热技术的研究现状及发展,华东船舶工业学院学报(自然科学版),2003,第 17 卷第四期: 9-12
[5] 罗秀江,陈伟元,王豪才,多芯片组件的热控制技术,电子元件与材料,2001(6):19-22
[6] 庄骏,张红,热管技术及其工程应用,北京,化学工业出版社,2000:1-3
[7] Cotter T.P , Theory of heat pipes , Los Alamos Scientific Lab, 1965 ,ReNo:LA-3246-Ms
[8] Tien C.L,Sun K.H,Minimum meniscus radius of heat pipe wicking materials,Int.J.Heat Mass Transfer ,1971,14(11):567-578
[9] 庄骏,张红,热管技术及其工程应用,北京,化学工业出版社,2000: 359
[10] Cotter.T.P,Principles and Prospects for Micro Heat Pipe,Proceedings of 5th International Heat Pipe Conference,Tsukuba,Japan,1984:416-420
[11] S.Launay,V.Sartre,M.Lallemand,Experimental study on silicon micro-heat pipe arrays,Applied Thermal Engineering,2004,24:233-243
[12] Longtin.J.P,Badran.B, Gerner F.M,A one-dimensional model of a micro heat pipe during steady-state operation, ASME J.Heat Transfer,1994,116:709-715
[13] D.Krustalev,A.Faghri,Thermal analysis of a micro heat pipe,ASME. J.Heat Transfer,1994,116:189-198
[14] Peterson.G.P,Ma.H.B,Theoretical analysis of the maximum heat transport in triangular groove:A study of idealized micro heat pipe,ASME J.Heat Transfer,1996,118:731-739
[15] Valerie Sartre,Mohamed Chaker Zaghdoudi,Effect of interfacial phenomena on evaporative heat transfer in micro heat pipes.,Int J. ThermalScience,2000,39:498-504
[16] Stephen P.C,Busse C.A,Analysis of the heat transfer coefficient of grooved heat pipe evaporator walls,Int J. Heat and Mass Transfer,1992,35:383-391
[17] Zaghdoudi M.C,Sartre V,Lallemand M,Theoretical investigation of micro heat pipes performance,Proceedings of the 10th Int.Heat Pipe Conf.,Stuttgart, 1997,September:6
[18] D.Khrustalev, A.Faghri,Thermal Characteristics of Conventional and Flat Miniature Axially Grooved Heat Pipes,Journal of Heat Transfer,1995,117:1048-1054
[19] Y.Cao,M.Cao,J.E.Beam,et al,Experimental and Analysis of Flat Miniature Heat Pipes.Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer,1997,11(2):158-164
[20] 张丽春,马同泽,张正芳等,微槽平板热管传热性能的实验研究,工程热物理学报,2003,24(3):493-495
[21] 张丽春,马同泽,葛新石,微小型多槽平板热管的流动和传热分析以及实验研究,中国科学技术大学学报,2003,33:450-459
[22] Scott.K.Thomas,Richard C.Lykins,Kirk L.Yerkes,Fully developed laminar flow in trapezoidal grooves with shear stress at the liquid vapour interface,Int J. Heat Mass Transfer, 2001,44:3397-3412
[23] Balram Suman,Sirshendu De,Sunando DasGupta,A model of the capillary limit of a micro heat pipe and prediction of the dry-out length,Int J.Heat and Fluid Flow,2004,33:786-799
[24] Y.Cao,M.Cao,J.E.Beam,et al,Engineering application of micro heat pipe arrarys:a working performance predicting tool,Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer,1993,8(6):1189-1201
[25] 勒明聪,陈远国,热管及热管换热器,重庆,重庆大学出版社,1986:35
[26] G . Peterson ,An introduction to heat pipe-modeling,testing and applications,New York,John Weley and Sons,1994:138-139
[27] Chen.H.J,Groll.M,Rosler.S,Experimental investigation and theoretical modelling,Proceeding of the 8th International Heat Pipe Conference,Beijing,China,1992:396-400
[28] 马同泽,候增祺,吴文銧等编,热管,北京,科学出版社,1985:43
[29] Busse C.A,Theory of ultimate heat transfer limit of cylindrical heatpipes,Int J .Heat Mass Transfer,1973,16:169-186
[30] R.Hopkins,A.Faghri,D.Khrustalev,Flat Miniature Heat Pipes With Micro Capillary Grooves,Journal of Heat Transfer,1999, 121:102-109
[31] H.B.Ma,G.P.Peterson,The Minimum Meniscus Radius and Capillary Heat Transport Limit in Micro Heat Pipes,Journal of Heat Transfer, 1998,120:227-233
[32] Schneider.G.E,DeVos.R,Nondimensional Analysis for the Heat Transport Capability of Axially-Grooved Heat Pipes Including Liquid/Vapour Interaction,AIAA Paper No.80-0214
[33] 顾锡人,马季铭等,表面化学,北京,科学出版社,1994:14
[34] Lorenz,J.J,Mikic,B.B.,and Rohsenow,W.M.,The Effect of Surface Conditions on Boiling Characteristics,Proc.8th Int.Heat Transfer Conf.1974, 4:35
[35] 范春利,曲伟,孙丰瑞等,三种微槽结构的平板热管的传热性能实验研究,电子器件,2003,126(12):357-360
[36] J.Jiang,Y. Tao,L.Byrd,Evaporative heat transfer from thin liquid film on a heated cylinder,Int J.Heat Mass Transfer ,2000(43):85-99
[37] S.DasGupta,J.A.Schonberg,P.C.Wayner,Jr.Investigation of an Evaporating Extended Meniscus Based on the Augmented Young-Laplace Equation,J.Heat Transfer.1993,115:201-208
[38] B.V.Derjaguin,S.V.Nerpin,N.V.Churev,Effect of film transfer upon evaporating liquids from capillaries,RILEM Bull. 1965 (29):93-98
[39] Karl Stephen, Influence of dispersion forces on phase equilibria between thin liquid films and their vapour,Int J.Heat Mass Transfer,2002,45:4715-4725
[40] P.C.Wayner,Y.K.Kao,L.V.LaCroix,The interline heat transfer coefficient of an evaporating wetting film,Int J.Heat Mass Transfer, 1976,19:487-492
[41] P.C.Wayner,Adsorption and capillary condensation at the contact line in change of phase heat transfer,Int J.Heat Mass Transfer, 1982,25 :707-713
[42] R.Reyes,P.C.Wayner Jr.,A Kelvin-Clapeyron adsorption model for spreading on a heated plate,J.Heat Transfer,1996,118:830-832
[43] X.Xu,V.P.Carey,Film evaporation from a micro-grooved surface-an approximate heat transfer model and its comparison with experimental data,AIAA J.Thermophys Heat Transfer, 1990,4:512-520
[44] J.M.Ha,G.P.Peterson,The interline heat transfer of evaporating thin filma along a micro grooved surface,J.Heat Transfer, 1996,118:747-755
[45] Y.P.Peles,S.Harber,A steady state ,one dimensional model for boiling two phase flow in triangular micro-channel,Int.J.Multiphase Flow, 2000,26:1095-1115
[46] 杨世铭,陶文铨编著,传热学(第三版),北京,高等教育出版社,1998: 207
[47] Kyoungwoo Park, Kwan-Joong Noh, Kwan-Soo Lee,Transport phenomena in the thin-film region of a micro-channel,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2003,46:2381–2388
[48] 张丽春,马同泽,葛新石,矩形槽道微小型平板热管传热性能的理论分析,工程热物理学报,2004,25:143-146
[49] D.Khrustalev,A.Faghri.Heat Transfer During Evaporation on Capillary Grooved Structures of Heat Pipes,J.Heat Transfer.1995, 117:740-747
[50] Wayner,P.C.Jr., The Effect of Interfacial Mass transport on Flow in Thin Liquid Films,Colloids and Surfaces, 1991, 52:71-84
[51] Yasunori Kobayashi,Syuji Ikeda,Masamichi Iwasa,Evaporative Heat Transfer at the Evaporative Section of a Grooved Heat Pipe,Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer,1996,10(1):83-89
[2] 曹业玲,矩形通道空芯冷板换热特性研究:[硕士学位论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2003
[3] L.A.Nelson,K.S.Sekhon,J.E.Frita,Direct heat pipe cooling of semiconductor devices,Proceedings of the 3rd International Heat pipe Conference.1978:332-339
[4] 姚寿广,马哲树,罗林等,电子电器设备中高效热管散热技术的研究现状及发展,华东船舶工业学院学报(自然科学版),2003,第 17 卷第四期: 9-12
[5] 罗秀江,陈伟元,王豪才,多芯片组件的热控制技术,电子元件与材料,2001(6):19-22
[6] 庄骏,张红,热管技术及其工程应用,北京,化学工业出版社,2000:1-3
[7] Cotter T.P , Theory of heat pipes , Los Alamos Scientific Lab, 1965 ,ReNo:LA-3246-Ms
[8] Tien C.L,Sun K.H,Minimum meniscus radius of heat pipe wicking materials,Int.J.Heat Mass Transfer ,1971,14(11):567-578
[9] 庄骏,张红,热管技术及其工程应用,北京,化学工业出版社,2000: 359
[10] Cotter.T.P,Principles and Prospects for Micro Heat Pipe,Proceedings of 5th International Heat Pipe Conference,Tsukuba,Japan,1984:416-420
[11] S.Launay,V.Sartre,M.Lallemand,Experimental study on silicon micro-heat pipe arrays,Applied Thermal Engineering,2004,24:233-243
[12] Longtin.J.P,Badran.B, Gerner F.M,A one-dimensional model of a micro heat pipe during steady-state operation, ASME J.Heat Transfer,1994,116:709-715
[13] D.Krustalev,A.Faghri,Thermal analysis of a micro heat pipe,ASME. J.Heat Transfer,1994,116:189-198
[14] Peterson.G.P,Ma.H.B,Theoretical analysis of the maximum heat transport in triangular groove:A study of idealized micro heat pipe,ASME J.Heat Transfer,1996,118:731-739
[15] Valerie Sartre,Mohamed Chaker Zaghdoudi,Effect of interfacial phenomena on evaporative heat transfer in micro heat pipes.,Int J. ThermalScience,2000,39:498-504
[16] Stephen P.C,Busse C.A,Analysis of the heat transfer coefficient of grooved heat pipe evaporator walls,Int J. Heat and Mass Transfer,1992,35:383-391
[17] Zaghdoudi M.C,Sartre V,Lallemand M,Theoretical investigation of micro heat pipes performance,Proceedings of the 10th Int.Heat Pipe Conf.,Stuttgart, 1997,September:6
[18] D.Khrustalev, A.Faghri,Thermal Characteristics of Conventional and Flat Miniature Axially Grooved Heat Pipes,Journal of Heat Transfer,1995,117:1048-1054
[19] Y.Cao,M.Cao,J.E.Beam,et al,Experimental and Analysis of Flat Miniature Heat Pipes.Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer,1997,11(2):158-164
[20] 张丽春,马同泽,张正芳等,微槽平板热管传热性能的实验研究,工程热物理学报,2003,24(3):493-495
[21] 张丽春,马同泽,葛新石,微小型多槽平板热管的流动和传热分析以及实验研究,中国科学技术大学学报,2003,33:450-459
[22] Scott.K.Thomas,Richard C.Lykins,Kirk L.Yerkes,Fully developed laminar flow in trapezoidal grooves with shear stress at the liquid vapour interface,Int J. Heat Mass Transfer, 2001,44:3397-3412
[23] Balram Suman,Sirshendu De,Sunando DasGupta,A model of the capillary limit of a micro heat pipe and prediction of the dry-out length,Int J.Heat and Fluid Flow,2004,33:786-799
[24] Y.Cao,M.Cao,J.E.Beam,et al,Engineering application of micro heat pipe arrarys:a working performance predicting tool,Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer,1993,8(6):1189-1201
[25] 勒明聪,陈远国,热管及热管换热器,重庆,重庆大学出版社,1986:35
[26] G . Peterson ,An introduction to heat pipe-modeling,testing and applications,New York,John Weley and Sons,1994:138-139
[27] Chen.H.J,Groll.M,Rosler.S,Experimental investigation and theoretical modelling,Proceeding of the 8th International Heat Pipe Conference,Beijing,China,1992:396-400
[28] 马同泽,候增祺,吴文銧等编,热管,北京,科学出版社,1985:43
[29] Busse C.A,Theory of ultimate heat transfer limit of cylindrical heatpipes,Int J .Heat Mass Transfer,1973,16:169-186
[30] R.Hopkins,A.Faghri,D.Khrustalev,Flat Miniature Heat Pipes With Micro Capillary Grooves,Journal of Heat Transfer,1999, 121:102-109
[31] H.B.Ma,G.P.Peterson,The Minimum Meniscus Radius and Capillary Heat Transport Limit in Micro Heat Pipes,Journal of Heat Transfer, 1998,120:227-233
[32] Schneider.G.E,DeVos.R,Nondimensional Analysis for the Heat Transport Capability of Axially-Grooved Heat Pipes Including Liquid/Vapour Interaction,AIAA Paper No.80-0214
[33] 顾锡人,马季铭等,表面化学,北京,科学出版社,1994:14
[34] Lorenz,J.J,Mikic,B.B.,and Rohsenow,W.M.,The Effect of Surface Conditions on Boiling Characteristics,Proc.8th Int.Heat Transfer Conf.1974, 4:35
[35] 范春利,曲伟,孙丰瑞等,三种微槽结构的平板热管的传热性能实验研究,电子器件,2003,126(12):357-360
[36] J.Jiang,Y. Tao,L.Byrd,Evaporative heat transfer from thin liquid film on a heated cylinder,Int J.Heat Mass Transfer ,2000(43):85-99
[37] S.DasGupta,J.A.Schonberg,P.C.Wayner,Jr.Investigation of an Evaporating Extended Meniscus Based on the Augmented Young-Laplace Equation,J.Heat Transfer.1993,115:201-208
[38] B.V.Derjaguin,S.V.Nerpin,N.V.Churev,Effect of film transfer upon evaporating liquids from capillaries,RILEM Bull. 1965 (29):93-98
[39] Karl Stephen, Influence of dispersion forces on phase equilibria between thin liquid films and their vapour,Int J.Heat Mass Transfer,2002,45:4715-4725
[40] P.C.Wayner,Y.K.Kao,L.V.LaCroix,The interline heat transfer coefficient of an evaporating wetting film,Int J.Heat Mass Transfer, 1976,19:487-492
[41] P.C.Wayner,Adsorption and capillary condensation at the contact line in change of phase heat transfer,Int J.Heat Mass Transfer, 1982,25 :707-713
[42] R.Reyes,P.C.Wayner Jr.,A Kelvin-Clapeyron adsorption model for spreading on a heated plate,J.Heat Transfer,1996,118:830-832
[43] X.Xu,V.P.Carey,Film evaporation from a micro-grooved surface-an approximate heat transfer model and its comparison with experimental data,AIAA J.Thermophys Heat Transfer, 1990,4:512-520
[44] J.M.Ha,G.P.Peterson,The interline heat transfer of evaporating thin filma along a micro grooved surface,J.Heat Transfer, 1996,118:747-755
[45] Y.P.Peles,S.Harber,A steady state ,one dimensional model for boiling two phase flow in triangular micro-channel,Int.J.Multiphase Flow, 2000,26:1095-1115
[46] 杨世铭,陶文铨编著,传热学(第三版),北京,高等教育出版社,1998: 207
[47] Kyoungwoo Park, Kwan-Joong Noh, Kwan-Soo Lee,Transport phenomena in the thin-film region of a micro-channel,International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2003,46:2381–2388
[48] 张丽春,马同泽,葛新石,矩形槽道微小型平板热管传热性能的理论分析,工程热物理学报,2004,25:143-146
[49] D.Khrustalev,A.Faghri.Heat Transfer During Evaporation on Capillary Grooved Structures of Heat Pipes,J.Heat Transfer.1995, 117:740-747
[50] Wayner,P.C.Jr., The Effect of Interfacial Mass transport on Flow in Thin Liquid Films,Colloids and Surfaces, 1991, 52:71-84
[51] Yasunori Kobayashi,Syuji Ikeda,Masamichi Iwasa,Evaporative Heat Transfer at the Evaporative Section of a Grooved Heat Pipe,Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer,1996,10(1):83-89