Petri网在工业企业总图布置优化中的应用研究
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摘要
工业企业总平面设计是将抽象的生产系统转为现实的可操作的生产系统过程,是落实生产系统的重要环节。总平面设计在工程设计中至关重要,是进行其他设计的基础。合理的平面布置方案,能降低基本建设费用,节约投资,并能在日后的生产中,提高企业的生产运行效率,使企业的整体效益最大化,从而提升企业在市场中的竞争力。
目前,总平面设计主要采用定性分析方法,定量分析不足,设计主要依赖于丰富的设计经验。设计出的成果在一定程度上难以令人信服,缺乏说服力。本文将Petri网引入总平面设计中,利用Petri网强大的模拟客观世界的功能,构建企业的生产系统模型,以模型作为分析的基础,得出各个车间之间的生产密切度。提出了以生产密切度和综合密切度为依据的总平面设计方法。本文主要做了以下几方面的工作:
首先,本文介绍了目前在工业企业平面设计中常使用的一些方法,并分析了各设计方法的优缺点。概述了Petri网的发展过程及其应用,同时介绍了Petri网的基本概念、理论和基于Petri网的工作流网及其相关理论。
其次,利用Petri网的基本理论,结合现行的设计流程、方法和工业企业生产设施系统,理论分析了工业企业生产系统的建模和系统分析方法,系统地提出了基于Petri网的系统布置优化设计与实现方法和操作流程。
最后,通过利用本文提出的设计方法和操作流程对某叉车厂进行了总平面设计,得出了较好的平面设计布置方案,验证了该方法和操作流程的可靠性。
论文通过理论研究和工程计算,对工业企业总平面设计进行了有意义的探索,提出了基于Petri网的设计操作流程,为工业企业的总平面设计提供指导。在我国工业蓬勃发展之际,本文的研究成果具有较大的理论与现实意义。
The General Layout design for industrial enterprises is the progress of coverting the abstract production system to the operational & reality production system, and is the important part of implementing the production system. The General design, on which the others design based, is essential in engineering design. The reasonable programme of layout can lower capital costs, save investment, increase the production efficiency in the later producing, and maximize the overall efficiency of enterprises, so as to enhance the enterprises' competitiveness in the market.
At present, the major methods of General design are partial qualitaive analysis rather than quantitative analysis. Design mainly relys on rich experience in the past. The programme of layout lack convincing in a certain extent. The article introduces Petri net in the General Layout Design, establishes the model of production system by the Petri net, which have powerful functions to simulate the objective world. Then, the close code of production between the various workshops are drawn, through the model analysis. The article puts forwards the general design based on the close code of production and the integrated close code. The paper makes the following aspects of work:
Firstly, the paper describes the current methods of The General Layout Design for industrial enterprises, and analysis advantages and disadvantages of these methods. The paper overview the development process of Petri net and its application and introduce the basic concepts & theories about Petri net, the work drift-nets based on Petri net and related theories.
Secondly, it theoretically studies the method of establishing the model of industrial enterprises production system and analyzesing the model by the basic Petri net according to the current design process & methods and production facilities system of industrial enterprises. The paper systematically offers the method and operational procedures of The General Layout Design and Optimization Systematically based on Petri net.
Finally, the paper takes a general layout of a forklift factory as example, and come to a better design layout programme. As a result, the reliability and feasibility of the method can be proved.
The paper makes meaningful exploration in the general design of industrial enterprises by theoretical research & engineering caculation, and draws the method & operational procedures of general layout design and optimization systematically based on Petri net, which can guide the industrial enterprises general design. During the development of our country's industry, this research has theoretical and practical significance.
目前,总平面设计主要采用定性分析方法,定量分析不足,设计主要依赖于丰富的设计经验。设计出的成果在一定程度上难以令人信服,缺乏说服力。本文将Petri网引入总平面设计中,利用Petri网强大的模拟客观世界的功能,构建企业的生产系统模型,以模型作为分析的基础,得出各个车间之间的生产密切度。提出了以生产密切度和综合密切度为依据的总平面设计方法。本文主要做了以下几方面的工作:
首先,本文介绍了目前在工业企业平面设计中常使用的一些方法,并分析了各设计方法的优缺点。概述了Petri网的发展过程及其应用,同时介绍了Petri网的基本概念、理论和基于Petri网的工作流网及其相关理论。
其次,利用Petri网的基本理论,结合现行的设计流程、方法和工业企业生产设施系统,理论分析了工业企业生产系统的建模和系统分析方法,系统地提出了基于Petri网的系统布置优化设计与实现方法和操作流程。
最后,通过利用本文提出的设计方法和操作流程对某叉车厂进行了总平面设计,得出了较好的平面设计布置方案,验证了该方法和操作流程的可靠性。
论文通过理论研究和工程计算,对工业企业总平面设计进行了有意义的探索,提出了基于Petri网的设计操作流程,为工业企业的总平面设计提供指导。在我国工业蓬勃发展之际,本文的研究成果具有较大的理论与现实意义。
The General Layout design for industrial enterprises is the progress of coverting the abstract production system to the operational & reality production system, and is the important part of implementing the production system. The General design, on which the others design based, is essential in engineering design. The reasonable programme of layout can lower capital costs, save investment, increase the production efficiency in the later producing, and maximize the overall efficiency of enterprises, so as to enhance the enterprises' competitiveness in the market.
At present, the major methods of General design are partial qualitaive analysis rather than quantitative analysis. Design mainly relys on rich experience in the past. The programme of layout lack convincing in a certain extent. The article introduces Petri net in the General Layout Design, establishes the model of production system by the Petri net, which have powerful functions to simulate the objective world. Then, the close code of production between the various workshops are drawn, through the model analysis. The article puts forwards the general design based on the close code of production and the integrated close code. The paper makes the following aspects of work:
Firstly, the paper describes the current methods of The General Layout Design for industrial enterprises, and analysis advantages and disadvantages of these methods. The paper overview the development process of Petri net and its application and introduce the basic concepts & theories about Petri net, the work drift-nets based on Petri net and related theories.
Secondly, it theoretically studies the method of establishing the model of industrial enterprises production system and analyzesing the model by the basic Petri net according to the current design process & methods and production facilities system of industrial enterprises. The paper systematically offers the method and operational procedures of The General Layout Design and Optimization Systematically based on Petri net.
Finally, the paper takes a general layout of a forklift factory as example, and come to a better design layout programme. As a result, the reliability and feasibility of the method can be proved.
The paper makes meaningful exploration in the general design of industrial enterprises by theoretical research & engineering caculation, and draws the method & operational procedures of general layout design and optimization systematically based on Petri net, which can guide the industrial enterprises general design. During the development of our country's industry, this research has theoretical and practical significance.
引文
[01]井生瑞.总图设计[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1989.
[02]廖祖裔.工业建筑总平面设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1984.
[03]雷明.工业企业总平面设计[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1998.
[04]Richard Muther.Systemic Layout Planning[M].Beijing:Mechanical Industry Publishing House,1988.
[05]徐裕生等.优化与决策[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1998.
[06]魏诺.非线性科学基础与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[07]王秋平.总图运输设计方案优化多级综合评价模型[J].基建优化,1997,(2).
[08]王秋平.总图运输设计方案的模糊评价[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),1997,(1).
[09]瞿熙鼎,杨静.选择总图运输设计方案的决策方法[J].河南冶金,2000,(4).
[10]齐二石.物流工程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[11]李锐.改扩建钢铁企业总平面设计研究[D].西安建筑科技大学,2004.
[12]陈平.工业设施系统规划——经济全球化背景下工厂设计理论发展探索[D].西安建筑科技大学,2001.
[13]刘志强,丁鹏,盛焕烨.物流配送系统设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[14]高自友,孙会君.现代物流与交通运输系统[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003.
[15]蒋昌俊.Petri网理论与方法研究综述[J].控制与决策,1997,第12卷第6期.
[16]林闯.随机Petri网和系统性能评价[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[17]袁崇义.Petri网原理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1998.
[18]王红卫,何勇,费奇.Petri网:一种可视化建模支持工具[J].系统工程学报,2002,第二期:73-78.
[19]E Best R Devillers.Sequential and concurrent behavior in Petri net theory[J].Theoretical Computer Science,1987,Vol55:87-136.
[20]黄圣国,孙同江,吕兵.运输网络的最短有向路Petri网仿真算法[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2002,第34卷第2期:121-125.
[21]Jong W T,Shiau Y S,Horng Y J etc.Temporal Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Techniques Using Time Petri Nets[J].IEEE Transaction on SMC,Part-B,Vol.29,No.4:541-545.
[22]Tasi J J P,Yang S J.Timing Constraint Petri Nets and Their Application to Schedulability Analysis of Real Time System Specifications[J].IEEE Transaction on SoftwareEngineering,1995,Vol.21,No.1:32-49.
[23]Karen Carr,Rupert England.Simulated and Virtual Realities[M].Basingstoke:Burgess Science Press,1995.
[24]Charles Harrell,Biman K.Ghosh,Royce Bowden.Simulation Using ProModel[M].New York:McGraw Hill,2000.
[25]Boucher D,Poize M,Puissochet A.GRAFCET as a Description and Simulation Tool at the Functional Level in CAD System[J].Proc.of IEEE ISCAS 84 Montreal,1984:324-327.
[26]Eike Best,Raymond Devillers,Maciej Koutny.Petri Net Algebra[M].New York:springer,2001.
[27]Mitrani I.Simulation Techniques for Discrete Event System[M].English:Cambridge University Press,1982.
[28]王恒霖,曹建国.仿真系统的设计与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[29]陈祖荫.我国总图专业同国际接轨的思考[J].化工设计,2000,(10).
[30]项艳艳等.从学科比较看总图运输专业的发展趋势[J].工程建设与设计,2004,(10).
[31]卢林波,李之鹏.总图运输专业来去之管见[J].甘肃科技,2004,(10).
[32]卢开澄,卢华明.图论及其应用(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1995.
[33]W M P van der Alast,The Application of Petri Nets to Workflow Management[J].The Journal of Circuits,Systems and Computers,1998,8(1).
[34]M.C.Recent trends in workflow management products,standards,and research,1997,http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/exotica/wfnato97.ps.
[35]潘启澍,姜兵.基于Petri网的工作流建模技术及其应用[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2000年,第40卷,第9期:P86-89.
[36]郑继川,胡正国,杨冬菊等.基于Petri网的工作流建模与分析[J].计算机工程,2003年4月,第29卷,第5期:P26-28.
[37]于达,陈陈.时间Petri网的分析工具PANT及其在调度问题中的应用[J].计算机学报,1994年6月,第17卷,第6期:P416-423.
[38]张敬波,范玉顺,尚福华.Web下基于XPDL的工作流建模技术研究[J].计算机应用。2003年6月,第23卷:P74-79.
[39]陈翔.基于广义随机Petri网的工作流性能分析[J].计算机集成制造系统,2003年5月,第9卷,第5期:P399-406.
[40]Inamoto A.Object-oriented model driven workflow process analysis[J].Japan/USA Symposium on Flexible Automation,1996,(2):P1317-1324.
[41]Raul Medina-Mora,Terry Winograd,Rodrigo Flores,etal.The Action workflow approach to workflow management technology[J].Computer Supported Cooperative Work,Toronto,1992:P281-288.
[42]杨秋侠.企业总体规划方案的综合评价[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2002,(3).
[02]廖祖裔.工业建筑总平面设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1984.
[03]雷明.工业企业总平面设计[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1998.
[04]Richard Muther.Systemic Layout Planning[M].Beijing:Mechanical Industry Publishing House,1988.
[05]徐裕生等.优化与决策[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1998.
[06]魏诺.非线性科学基础与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[07]王秋平.总图运输设计方案优化多级综合评价模型[J].基建优化,1997,(2).
[08]王秋平.总图运输设计方案的模糊评价[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),1997,(1).
[09]瞿熙鼎,杨静.选择总图运输设计方案的决策方法[J].河南冶金,2000,(4).
[10]齐二石.物流工程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[11]李锐.改扩建钢铁企业总平面设计研究[D].西安建筑科技大学,2004.
[12]陈平.工业设施系统规划——经济全球化背景下工厂设计理论发展探索[D].西安建筑科技大学,2001.
[13]刘志强,丁鹏,盛焕烨.物流配送系统设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[14]高自友,孙会君.现代物流与交通运输系统[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003.
[15]蒋昌俊.Petri网理论与方法研究综述[J].控制与决策,1997,第12卷第6期.
[16]林闯.随机Petri网和系统性能评价[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[17]袁崇义.Petri网原理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1998.
[18]王红卫,何勇,费奇.Petri网:一种可视化建模支持工具[J].系统工程学报,2002,第二期:73-78.
[19]E Best R Devillers.Sequential and concurrent behavior in Petri net theory[J].Theoretical Computer Science,1987,Vol55:87-136.
[20]黄圣国,孙同江,吕兵.运输网络的最短有向路Petri网仿真算法[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2002,第34卷第2期:121-125.
[21]Jong W T,Shiau Y S,Horng Y J etc.Temporal Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Techniques Using Time Petri Nets[J].IEEE Transaction on SMC,Part-B,Vol.29,No.4:541-545.
[22]Tasi J J P,Yang S J.Timing Constraint Petri Nets and Their Application to Schedulability Analysis of Real Time System Specifications[J].IEEE Transaction on SoftwareEngineering,1995,Vol.21,No.1:32-49.
[23]Karen Carr,Rupert England.Simulated and Virtual Realities[M].Basingstoke:Burgess Science Press,1995.
[24]Charles Harrell,Biman K.Ghosh,Royce Bowden.Simulation Using ProModel[M].New York:McGraw Hill,2000.
[25]Boucher D,Poize M,Puissochet A.GRAFCET as a Description and Simulation Tool at the Functional Level in CAD System[J].Proc.of IEEE ISCAS 84 Montreal,1984:324-327.
[26]Eike Best,Raymond Devillers,Maciej Koutny.Petri Net Algebra[M].New York:springer,2001.
[27]Mitrani I.Simulation Techniques for Discrete Event System[M].English:Cambridge University Press,1982.
[28]王恒霖,曹建国.仿真系统的设计与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[29]陈祖荫.我国总图专业同国际接轨的思考[J].化工设计,2000,(10).
[30]项艳艳等.从学科比较看总图运输专业的发展趋势[J].工程建设与设计,2004,(10).
[31]卢林波,李之鹏.总图运输专业来去之管见[J].甘肃科技,2004,(10).
[32]卢开澄,卢华明.图论及其应用(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1995.
[33]W M P van der Alast,The Application of Petri Nets to Workflow Management[J].The Journal of Circuits,Systems and Computers,1998,8(1).
[34]M.C.Recent trends in workflow management products,standards,and research,1997,http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/exotica/wfnato97.ps.
[35]潘启澍,姜兵.基于Petri网的工作流建模技术及其应用[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2000年,第40卷,第9期:P86-89.
[36]郑继川,胡正国,杨冬菊等.基于Petri网的工作流建模与分析[J].计算机工程,2003年4月,第29卷,第5期:P26-28.
[37]于达,陈陈.时间Petri网的分析工具PANT及其在调度问题中的应用[J].计算机学报,1994年6月,第17卷,第6期:P416-423.
[38]张敬波,范玉顺,尚福华.Web下基于XPDL的工作流建模技术研究[J].计算机应用。2003年6月,第23卷:P74-79.
[39]陈翔.基于广义随机Petri网的工作流性能分析[J].计算机集成制造系统,2003年5月,第9卷,第5期:P399-406.
[40]Inamoto A.Object-oriented model driven workflow process analysis[J].Japan/USA Symposium on Flexible Automation,1996,(2):P1317-1324.
[41]Raul Medina-Mora,Terry Winograd,Rodrigo Flores,etal.The Action workflow approach to workflow management technology[J].Computer Supported Cooperative Work,Toronto,1992:P281-288.
[42]杨秋侠.企业总体规划方案的综合评价[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2002,(3).