中美高技术产品贸易平衡研究
|
摘要
全球经济已经进入了信息经济时代,科学技术对于各国的竞争地位来说至关重要。中国是技术的需求大国,美国是信息技术领域的领军代表,两国的高技术产品贸易关系到其政治经济实力对比。中美高技术产品贸易蓬勃发展,这是值得肯定的好现象。但是,通过分析发现,中美高技术产品贸易不符合传统比较优势贸易理论,中美贸易分工地位不合理。本文梳理了中美高技术产品贸易的现状,旨在通过分析贸易不平衡的成因和实质,揭示顺差对于两国的正面和负面影响,并对此提出我国应对的策略和政策。希望通过本文的分析,能够为我国在未来的发展中提供参考,提高竞争力。
本文用经济学方法分析了中美高技术产品贸易与理论的契合度,分析数据后得到两国贸易的鲜明特点,并引入SWOT模型分析我国在当今经济形势下面临的机遇和挑战。本文客观地分析了导致中美贸易顺差的内外原因,指出中美贸易顺差的根本原因是美国人为地阻碍了自由贸易。在内因方面,不局限于传统经济因素,而是从外交、理念等多个角度分析了我国存在的问题,并提出了针对性的对策建议。最后,通过对当前经济形势的分析,客观指出我国在与美国的高技术产品贸易中,将面临怎样的挑战和机遇,认为危机虽然有危害性,但却能帮助我国调整经济发展步伐,升级产业结构。
The global economy has entered the era of information economy, science and technology is essential to a nation's competitive position. China has a huge demand for technology, while the United States maintains strong presence in the areas of information technology. As a result, the hi-tech products trade between China and U.S. reflects their economic and political power. It is worth approving that Sino-US high-tech products trade has been flourishing. However, the research shows that Sino-US hi-tech products trade does not conform to the traditional theory of comparative advantage, and the international specialization between China and U.S. is not reasonable. This paper analyzes the current situation of Sino-US hi-tech products trade, and the causes and the essence of trade imbalance. This paper is an attempt to reveal what impact the surplus has on China and U.S., and put forward the suggestions for our country's strategies and policies. Hoping that this paper could be of use in the hi-tech products development of China and help enhance the competitiveness.
This paper uses economic method to analysis if the trade theory fit the Sino-US hi-tech products trade, gets the distinctive feature of the Sino-US bilateral trade, and applies the SWOT model to analysis the opportunities and challenges China faces in the current international situation. In the objective position, this article analyzes the internal and external causes which lead to the trade surplus between China and US, and points out that the underlying cause is that America set obstacle to free trade. When it comes to internal causes, this text is not confined to traditional economic factors, and takes into account diplomacy, ideology and many other factors to analysis our country's impropriety. In the end, this paper analyzes the current economic crisis, and objectively points out China will face challenges and opportunities in the Sino-US hi-tech products trade. Even though the crisis is harmful, it can help to adjust the pace of economic development of our country, and upgrade industrial structure.
本文用经济学方法分析了中美高技术产品贸易与理论的契合度,分析数据后得到两国贸易的鲜明特点,并引入SWOT模型分析我国在当今经济形势下面临的机遇和挑战。本文客观地分析了导致中美贸易顺差的内外原因,指出中美贸易顺差的根本原因是美国人为地阻碍了自由贸易。在内因方面,不局限于传统经济因素,而是从外交、理念等多个角度分析了我国存在的问题,并提出了针对性的对策建议。最后,通过对当前经济形势的分析,客观指出我国在与美国的高技术产品贸易中,将面临怎样的挑战和机遇,认为危机虽然有危害性,但却能帮助我国调整经济发展步伐,升级产业结构。
The global economy has entered the era of information economy, science and technology is essential to a nation's competitive position. China has a huge demand for technology, while the United States maintains strong presence in the areas of information technology. As a result, the hi-tech products trade between China and U.S. reflects their economic and political power. It is worth approving that Sino-US high-tech products trade has been flourishing. However, the research shows that Sino-US hi-tech products trade does not conform to the traditional theory of comparative advantage, and the international specialization between China and U.S. is not reasonable. This paper analyzes the current situation of Sino-US hi-tech products trade, and the causes and the essence of trade imbalance. This paper is an attempt to reveal what impact the surplus has on China and U.S., and put forward the suggestions for our country's strategies and policies. Hoping that this paper could be of use in the hi-tech products development of China and help enhance the competitiveness.
This paper uses economic method to analysis if the trade theory fit the Sino-US hi-tech products trade, gets the distinctive feature of the Sino-US bilateral trade, and applies the SWOT model to analysis the opportunities and challenges China faces in the current international situation. In the objective position, this article analyzes the internal and external causes which lead to the trade surplus between China and US, and points out that the underlying cause is that America set obstacle to free trade. When it comes to internal causes, this text is not confined to traditional economic factors, and takes into account diplomacy, ideology and many other factors to analysis our country's impropriety. In the end, this paper analyzes the current economic crisis, and objectively points out China will face challenges and opportunities in the Sino-US hi-tech products trade. Even though the crisis is harmful, it can help to adjust the pace of economic development of our country, and upgrade industrial structure.
引文
[2]《对中美经贸关系存在问题的分析》,辽宁工学院学报(社会科学版),2004年6卷6期。
[3]罗双临.中国高新技术产品贸易研究.中国市场出版社,2005,P2.
[1] Bergsten, Fred. The United States and the World Economy: Foreign Economic Policy for the Next Decade [M]. Institute for International Economics, 2005.
[2] Breslin, Shaun. Power and production: rethinking China's global economic role [M]. Review of International Studies, 2005.
[3] Intellectual Property Rights Policies in Standards Development Organizations and the Impact on Trade Issue with the People's Republic of China. Patent Group American National Standards Institute, 2004.
[4] China Sets Aside Fund to Boost High-tech Industry [J]. China's Foreign Trade,2007(20).
[5] Gill, Bates, Sue Anne Tay. Partners and Competitors: Coming to Terms with the U.S.-China Economic Relationship [EB/OL], 2004.http://www.csis.org/china/parters0404.pdf.2004
[6] Richard Johnson. U.S. Export Controls: The Challenge for Research Universities.Research Foundation Working Paper[EB/OL], 2003.http://www.sunysb.edu/research/spo/export-controls.pdf.
[7] Suisheng Zhao. China-U.S. relations transformed [M]. Routledge, 2008.
[8] Yu Jianlong. China Export Strategy Building up Technology-Intensive Orientation.ITC Executive Forum, 2003.
[9] Larry E. Westphal. Technology Strategies for Economic Development in a Fast Changing Global Economy. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 2002.
[10] Guan,J. Innovative Capability and Export Performance of Chinese Firms[J].Technovation, 2003(9).
[11] Trade Deficit Review Commission. The U.S. Trade Deficit: Causes,Consequences and Recommendations for Action[EB/OL].http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/tdrc/reports/finalrept-contents.html.
[12] United States Government Printing Office. Economic Report of the President 2008[EB/OL]. http://www.whitehouse.gov/cea/pubs.htm.
[13] NSG Plenary Meeting. The NSG-Strengthening the Nu-clear Non-Proliferation Regime[EB/OL]. 2005-06-24. http://www.nuclearsuppliersgroup.Org/public.htm.
[14] Richard T Cupitt. Reluctant Champions: U.S.Presidential Policy and Strategic Export Controls[M]. Routledge, 2000.
[15] Paul Kerr, Wade Boses. China Seeks to Join Nuclear, Missile Control Groups [J]. Arms Control Today,2004(34).
[16]Wayne M Morrison.China-U.S.Trade Issues.CRSIssue Breiffor Congress.2005-08-26.
[17]John Frisbie,Michael Overmyer.US-China Economic Relations:The Next Stage [J].Current History,2006-09.
[18]David McCormick.Win-Win High Technology Trade with China.Center for Strategic and International Studies[EB/OL],2006-06-09.http://www.bis.doc.gov/news/2006/mccormick06-9-06.htm
[19]Michael A.Levi,Michael E O'Hanlon.The future of arms control[M].Brookings Institution Press,2005.
[20]Alastair I.Johnston.Social states:China in international institutions,1980-2000[M].Princeton University Press,2008.
[21]Bernd Martenczuk.Section 337 of the US Tariff Act and World Trade Law[J].Journal of World Trade,1998(32),p125.
[22]史及传.中国高新技术产业发展规律研究[M].人民出版社,2007.
[23]张晓强.中国高技术产业发展年鉴(2007).理工大学出版社,2007.
[24]杨波.技术进步与国际贸易[M].经济科学出版社,2007.
[25]周琛影.比较优势利润原则及其实现机制研究[M].经济科学出版社,2007.
[26]陈春宝.中国高技术产业发展与外贸竞争力[M].东北财经大学出版社,1998.
[27]王丽民.从美日高科技产业化的发展论我国高科技产业发展战略[D].河北大学,2003.
[28]杜莉.中国与美国高技术产品产业内贸易的实证研究[J].数量经济技术研究,2006.
[29]沈国兵.美国出口管制与中美贸易平衡问题[J].国际经济与政治,2006(3).
[30]袁征.利益集团政治与美国的对华政策[J].当代亚太,2000(6).
[31]熊志勇.百年中美关系[M].武汉大学出版社,2006.
[32]P.克鲁格曼.战略性贸易政策与新国际经济学[C].中国人民大学出版社,北京大学出版社,2000.
[33]傅梦孜.中美战略关系新论[M].时事出版社,2005.
[34]金碚.从美国金融危机看中国的产业发展http://finance.sina.com.cn/g/20090305/15395936426.shtml
[35]罗双临.我国高新技术产品国际竞争力实证研究[J].求索,2005(6).
[36]杨正位.全球化时代的产业转移是美对华贸易逆差的根本原因[J].国际金融,2005(14).
[37]陈志田,叶柏林.贸易技术性壁垒与商品进出口[M].中国计量出版社,2002.
[38]卜伟,刘似臣,韩健.高新技术产品贸易争端[M].机械工业出版社,2004.
[39]杨艳红.外商直接投资对我国产品出口竞争力的影响[J].贵州财经学院学报,2005(3).
[40]陈泰锋.中美贸易摩擦[M].社会科学文献出版社,2005.
[41]池甜甜.试论日前中国企业R&D中存在问题和建议[J].国际经贸,2006.
[42]刘杰.后发优势与高新技术产品对外贸易[D].首都经济贸易大学,2005.
[43]王一鸣,王君.关于提高企业自主创新能力的几个问题[J].中国软科学,2005(7).
[44]崔文丹.提高我国高新技术企业品牌资产价值策略研究[J].中国流通经济,2008(3).
[45]李稻葵,李丹宁.中美贸易顺差:根本原因在哪里?[J]国际经济评论,2006(5).
[46]李林强.美国对华贸易出口限制政策研究[J].现代商贸工业,2009(1).
[47]胡望斌,朱东华,文胜.我国应对技术强国贸易出口管制的策略研究[J].研究与发展管理,2006(2).
[48]王立,漆建国.美对华高科技产品出口管制新动向及对策研究[J].国际贸易,2007(9).
[49]刘子奎.冷战后美国出口管制政策的改革和调整[J].美国研究,2008(2).
[50]杨洁勉.大磨合-中美相互战略和政策[M].天津人民出版社,2007.
[51]黄志平.美国、巴统是怎样进行出口管制的[M].中国对外经济贸易出版社,1992.
[52]罗双临.中国高新技术产品贸易研究[M].中国市场出版社,2005.
[53]2008年1-9月美国货物贸易及中美双边贸易概况http://countryreport.mofcom.gov.cn/record/qikan.asp?id=917
[55]中国贸易救济信息网.http://www.cacs.gov.cn/cacs/default.aspx
[56]中华人民共和国科学技术部网站.http://www.most.gov.cn/
[57]中华人民共和国海关网站.http://www.customs.gov.cn/Default.aspx?
[58]中华人民共和国商务部网站.http://www.cacs.gov.cn/cacs/default.aspx
[3]罗双临.中国高新技术产品贸易研究.中国市场出版社,2005,P2.
[1] Bergsten, Fred. The United States and the World Economy: Foreign Economic Policy for the Next Decade [M]. Institute for International Economics, 2005.
[2] Breslin, Shaun. Power and production: rethinking China's global economic role [M]. Review of International Studies, 2005.
[3] Intellectual Property Rights Policies in Standards Development Organizations and the Impact on Trade Issue with the People's Republic of China. Patent Group American National Standards Institute, 2004.
[4] China Sets Aside Fund to Boost High-tech Industry [J]. China's Foreign Trade,2007(20).
[5] Gill, Bates, Sue Anne Tay. Partners and Competitors: Coming to Terms with the U.S.-China Economic Relationship [EB/OL], 2004.http://www.csis.org/china/parters0404.pdf.2004
[6] Richard Johnson. U.S. Export Controls: The Challenge for Research Universities.Research Foundation Working Paper[EB/OL], 2003.http://www.sunysb.edu/research/spo/export-controls.pdf.
[7] Suisheng Zhao. China-U.S. relations transformed [M]. Routledge, 2008.
[8] Yu Jianlong. China Export Strategy Building up Technology-Intensive Orientation.ITC Executive Forum, 2003.
[9] Larry E. Westphal. Technology Strategies for Economic Development in a Fast Changing Global Economy. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 2002.
[10] Guan,J. Innovative Capability and Export Performance of Chinese Firms[J].Technovation, 2003(9).
[11] Trade Deficit Review Commission. The U.S. Trade Deficit: Causes,Consequences and Recommendations for Action[EB/OL].http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/tdrc/reports/finalrept-contents.html.
[12] United States Government Printing Office. Economic Report of the President 2008[EB/OL]. http://www.whitehouse.gov/cea/pubs.htm.
[13] NSG Plenary Meeting. The NSG-Strengthening the Nu-clear Non-Proliferation Regime[EB/OL]. 2005-06-24. http://www.nuclearsuppliersgroup.Org/public.htm.
[14] Richard T Cupitt. Reluctant Champions: U.S.Presidential Policy and Strategic Export Controls[M]. Routledge, 2000.
[15] Paul Kerr, Wade Boses. China Seeks to Join Nuclear, Missile Control Groups [J]. Arms Control Today,2004(34).
[16]Wayne M Morrison.China-U.S.Trade Issues.CRSIssue Breiffor Congress.2005-08-26.
[17]John Frisbie,Michael Overmyer.US-China Economic Relations:The Next Stage [J].Current History,2006-09.
[18]David McCormick.Win-Win High Technology Trade with China.Center for Strategic and International Studies[EB/OL],2006-06-09.http://www.bis.doc.gov/news/2006/mccormick06-9-06.htm
[19]Michael A.Levi,Michael E O'Hanlon.The future of arms control[M].Brookings Institution Press,2005.
[20]Alastair I.Johnston.Social states:China in international institutions,1980-2000[M].Princeton University Press,2008.
[21]Bernd Martenczuk.Section 337 of the US Tariff Act and World Trade Law[J].Journal of World Trade,1998(32),p125.
[22]史及传.中国高新技术产业发展规律研究[M].人民出版社,2007.
[23]张晓强.中国高技术产业发展年鉴(2007).理工大学出版社,2007.
[24]杨波.技术进步与国际贸易[M].经济科学出版社,2007.
[25]周琛影.比较优势利润原则及其实现机制研究[M].经济科学出版社,2007.
[26]陈春宝.中国高技术产业发展与外贸竞争力[M].东北财经大学出版社,1998.
[27]王丽民.从美日高科技产业化的发展论我国高科技产业发展战略[D].河北大学,2003.
[28]杜莉.中国与美国高技术产品产业内贸易的实证研究[J].数量经济技术研究,2006.
[29]沈国兵.美国出口管制与中美贸易平衡问题[J].国际经济与政治,2006(3).
[30]袁征.利益集团政治与美国的对华政策[J].当代亚太,2000(6).
[31]熊志勇.百年中美关系[M].武汉大学出版社,2006.
[32]P.克鲁格曼.战略性贸易政策与新国际经济学[C].中国人民大学出版社,北京大学出版社,2000.
[33]傅梦孜.中美战略关系新论[M].时事出版社,2005.
[34]金碚.从美国金融危机看中国的产业发展http://finance.sina.com.cn/g/20090305/15395936426.shtml
[35]罗双临.我国高新技术产品国际竞争力实证研究[J].求索,2005(6).
[36]杨正位.全球化时代的产业转移是美对华贸易逆差的根本原因[J].国际金融,2005(14).
[37]陈志田,叶柏林.贸易技术性壁垒与商品进出口[M].中国计量出版社,2002.
[38]卜伟,刘似臣,韩健.高新技术产品贸易争端[M].机械工业出版社,2004.
[39]杨艳红.外商直接投资对我国产品出口竞争力的影响[J].贵州财经学院学报,2005(3).
[40]陈泰锋.中美贸易摩擦[M].社会科学文献出版社,2005.
[41]池甜甜.试论日前中国企业R&D中存在问题和建议[J].国际经贸,2006.
[42]刘杰.后发优势与高新技术产品对外贸易[D].首都经济贸易大学,2005.
[43]王一鸣,王君.关于提高企业自主创新能力的几个问题[J].中国软科学,2005(7).
[44]崔文丹.提高我国高新技术企业品牌资产价值策略研究[J].中国流通经济,2008(3).
[45]李稻葵,李丹宁.中美贸易顺差:根本原因在哪里?[J]国际经济评论,2006(5).
[46]李林强.美国对华贸易出口限制政策研究[J].现代商贸工业,2009(1).
[47]胡望斌,朱东华,文胜.我国应对技术强国贸易出口管制的策略研究[J].研究与发展管理,2006(2).
[48]王立,漆建国.美对华高科技产品出口管制新动向及对策研究[J].国际贸易,2007(9).
[49]刘子奎.冷战后美国出口管制政策的改革和调整[J].美国研究,2008(2).
[50]杨洁勉.大磨合-中美相互战略和政策[M].天津人民出版社,2007.
[51]黄志平.美国、巴统是怎样进行出口管制的[M].中国对外经济贸易出版社,1992.
[52]罗双临.中国高新技术产品贸易研究[M].中国市场出版社,2005.
[53]2008年1-9月美国货物贸易及中美双边贸易概况http://countryreport.mofcom.gov.cn/record/qikan.asp?id=917
[55]中国贸易救济信息网.http://www.cacs.gov.cn/cacs/default.aspx
[56]中华人民共和国科学技术部网站.http://www.most.gov.cn/
[57]中华人民共和国海关网站.http://www.customs.gov.cn/Default.aspx?
[58]中华人民共和国商务部网站.http://www.cacs.gov.cn/cacs/default.aspx