建筑施工进度计划建模与控制方法研究
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摘要
建筑施工进度计划是对各项施工作业活动在逻辑和时间上进行适当地安排,以便有效地利用有限的资源条件,在保证施工质量的前提下按期完成整个工程项目的施工。然而由于工期长、投资大、工序多、施工条件复杂等因素制约,制定施工进度计划是一项庞大的系统工程。所以,需要在施工开始之前,找到一种合适的方法对建筑施工过程进行清楚准确地建模并对其构成要素及整体静态、动态特性加以分析,这样可在项目开始之前发现并克服施工过程中可能存在的致命错误;另一方面,优化和控制也是施工过程中的关键问题,在对建筑施工过程进行建模的基础上根据给定的一些约束条件对施工进度计划进行优化,并在施工过程中对进度信息加以处理、评价,可以达到修正和寻优的目的。
本文首先从建筑施工项目特征入手,分析建筑施工进度计划的层次性和高度协调的特点,依据工程管理组织规模和粒度的特点,划分出进度计划网络层次,建立了分级网络计划模型,给出网络计划的参数计算方法、关键线路的确定方法和网络拓扑排序方法。然后以系统工程的观点,对建筑施工进度计划系统进行分析,认为建筑施工过程是一种离散事件动态系统,并对其系统特性进行了分析,归纳出建筑施工进度计划建模的需求,并确定了以Petri网作为建模方法,从而完成了本文的理论基础。
在分级网络计划和Petri网理论的基础之上,本文对进度计划模型的构建进行了研究,指出进度计划是由过程模型和作业模型构成的,对它们的关系进行了研究。分别构建了进度计划过程模型和作业模型。对于施工过程模型,定义了基于赋时Petri网的分级施工网络计划(Hierarchical Network Planning of Construction)过程模型,定义了分级库所与任务变迁,并基于可达树对模型正确性进行分析。对于施工作业模型,研究了施工过程的Petri网描述和施工作业的时间在Petri网中的表达,定义了不同类型的工序搭接的表示方法。
在施工进度计划优化方面,根据我国工程项目管理模式,为满足建筑施工进度计划优化需求,基于HNPC模型建立了一个二级网络计划优化模型;对资源约束工期调整和工期固定资源均衡两种常见情况进行了研究,给出了一种模拟退火遗传算法的解决策略;以Petri网模型的变迁激发序列作为染色体进行计算,使算法和Petri网模型统一起来。
在进度计划控制方法方面,把平衡线(Line of Balance)方法引入到建筑施工进度控制中。阐述了LOB方法应用的原则和步骤;把前锋线(Schedule Front Line)法和LOB方法结合起来实现了对施工进度的监控,并给出了基于LOB和SFL进行进度偏差识别的方法;根据HNPC模型的特点,阐明了建筑施工进度计划的特征,把模糊动态规划方法引入到建筑施工进度计划调整中,并给出了具体实现方法。
本文系统地研究建筑施工进度计划建模与控制技术的理论与方法,将系统工程、网络计划、模拟退火遗传算法、模糊动态规划等技术引入到进度计划的建模与控制领域,丰富了建筑施工进度计划研究方法;提出了建筑施工分级网络计划模型,建立了施工过程模型和作业模型,有助于研究成果的实际应用;通过施工进度计划优化方法研究,完善了建筑施工进度控制方法,有助于提高建筑施工进度施工管理决策的科学化。
The construction schedule plan is carries out to organize all construction works with right logic and sequences under resources conditions. The purpose of schedule plan is to finish the project on schedule with quality guarantee. The making of schedule plan is huge system engineering because of the long duration, big investment, massed operations, and complex conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to find an approach which can describe construction proceeding with clearly and accurately models to analyze the overall static and dynamic characteristics of the system and to discover and overcome the fetal error of schedule plan before the construction start. On the other hand, the optimization and control of the plan are key problems in the proceeding of construction. Based on the modeling of the construction proceeding and given constraints, the information of construction can be processed, evaluated and the schedule plan can be corrected and optimized.
This paper start from the characteristics of construction project, the hierarchy and highly coordinates of the construction schedule are analyzed. Based on the granularity and scale of management organizations, the hierarchies of network schedule and hierarchical network planning model of construction are established, the calculate methods of the parameters, critical path and topology of the network are given. Then, construction process and the modeling method of construction are analyzed in detail. The construction process is a kind of discrete event dynamic system (DEDS). The DEDS’s characteristics of construction are researched, the requirements of construction process modeling are summarized, and the Petri net is determined as the tool to model construction process. Thus, the theoretical basis of this paper is completed.
Based on the hierarchical network plan and the Petri Net, the construction process model is constructed. The process model and operation model constitute the schedule model and the relationships between them are described. The hierarchical network plan of construction based on the Time Petri Net, hierarchical place and task transition are defined, the correctness of above two models is analyzed based on the accessibility of Petri Net. Based on the Petri Net the operation model is established. The construction process described with Petri Net and the time’s expressions in the Petri Net are researched. The operation model of construction is established thought the research of processes joint relationships.
The method of schedule plan optimization is researched. According to the management of construction project in our country, the two-level network optimization model is established based on the HNPC model to satisfy the optimistic demands. The construction schedule optimizations under resource constraints and resource-leveling are researched, a solution strategy based on genetic algorithm and simulated annealing is presented. The excited sequence of transition is traded as population to be calculated, the Petri Net model and the algorithm are integrated.
The method of construction schedule control is researched. The method of line of balance (LOB) is introduced into the field of schedule control, the application principles and steps are elaborated, the LOB method and schedule front line (SFL) are integrated to monitor the construction process, the recognition of SFL and countermeasures are described. According to the HNPC model, the characteristics of construction process are explained. The fuzzy dynamic programming method is introduced into the process control and the realization is presented.
This paper systematic studies the theory and method of the construction schedule modeling and controlling. The system engineering, network plan, genetic algorithm and simulated annealing, fuzzy dynamic program are introduced to the field of modeling and controlling of construction schedule. The hierarchical network model is presented, the process and operation models are established, the method of optimization of schedule plan is researched, and the method of construction schedule control is improved.
本文首先从建筑施工项目特征入手,分析建筑施工进度计划的层次性和高度协调的特点,依据工程管理组织规模和粒度的特点,划分出进度计划网络层次,建立了分级网络计划模型,给出网络计划的参数计算方法、关键线路的确定方法和网络拓扑排序方法。然后以系统工程的观点,对建筑施工进度计划系统进行分析,认为建筑施工过程是一种离散事件动态系统,并对其系统特性进行了分析,归纳出建筑施工进度计划建模的需求,并确定了以Petri网作为建模方法,从而完成了本文的理论基础。
在分级网络计划和Petri网理论的基础之上,本文对进度计划模型的构建进行了研究,指出进度计划是由过程模型和作业模型构成的,对它们的关系进行了研究。分别构建了进度计划过程模型和作业模型。对于施工过程模型,定义了基于赋时Petri网的分级施工网络计划(Hierarchical Network Planning of Construction)过程模型,定义了分级库所与任务变迁,并基于可达树对模型正确性进行分析。对于施工作业模型,研究了施工过程的Petri网描述和施工作业的时间在Petri网中的表达,定义了不同类型的工序搭接的表示方法。
在施工进度计划优化方面,根据我国工程项目管理模式,为满足建筑施工进度计划优化需求,基于HNPC模型建立了一个二级网络计划优化模型;对资源约束工期调整和工期固定资源均衡两种常见情况进行了研究,给出了一种模拟退火遗传算法的解决策略;以Petri网模型的变迁激发序列作为染色体进行计算,使算法和Petri网模型统一起来。
在进度计划控制方法方面,把平衡线(Line of Balance)方法引入到建筑施工进度控制中。阐述了LOB方法应用的原则和步骤;把前锋线(Schedule Front Line)法和LOB方法结合起来实现了对施工进度的监控,并给出了基于LOB和SFL进行进度偏差识别的方法;根据HNPC模型的特点,阐明了建筑施工进度计划的特征,把模糊动态规划方法引入到建筑施工进度计划调整中,并给出了具体实现方法。
本文系统地研究建筑施工进度计划建模与控制技术的理论与方法,将系统工程、网络计划、模拟退火遗传算法、模糊动态规划等技术引入到进度计划的建模与控制领域,丰富了建筑施工进度计划研究方法;提出了建筑施工分级网络计划模型,建立了施工过程模型和作业模型,有助于研究成果的实际应用;通过施工进度计划优化方法研究,完善了建筑施工进度控制方法,有助于提高建筑施工进度施工管理决策的科学化。
The construction schedule plan is carries out to organize all construction works with right logic and sequences under resources conditions. The purpose of schedule plan is to finish the project on schedule with quality guarantee. The making of schedule plan is huge system engineering because of the long duration, big investment, massed operations, and complex conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to find an approach which can describe construction proceeding with clearly and accurately models to analyze the overall static and dynamic characteristics of the system and to discover and overcome the fetal error of schedule plan before the construction start. On the other hand, the optimization and control of the plan are key problems in the proceeding of construction. Based on the modeling of the construction proceeding and given constraints, the information of construction can be processed, evaluated and the schedule plan can be corrected and optimized.
This paper start from the characteristics of construction project, the hierarchy and highly coordinates of the construction schedule are analyzed. Based on the granularity and scale of management organizations, the hierarchies of network schedule and hierarchical network planning model of construction are established, the calculate methods of the parameters, critical path and topology of the network are given. Then, construction process and the modeling method of construction are analyzed in detail. The construction process is a kind of discrete event dynamic system (DEDS). The DEDS’s characteristics of construction are researched, the requirements of construction process modeling are summarized, and the Petri net is determined as the tool to model construction process. Thus, the theoretical basis of this paper is completed.
Based on the hierarchical network plan and the Petri Net, the construction process model is constructed. The process model and operation model constitute the schedule model and the relationships between them are described. The hierarchical network plan of construction based on the Time Petri Net, hierarchical place and task transition are defined, the correctness of above two models is analyzed based on the accessibility of Petri Net. Based on the Petri Net the operation model is established. The construction process described with Petri Net and the time’s expressions in the Petri Net are researched. The operation model of construction is established thought the research of processes joint relationships.
The method of schedule plan optimization is researched. According to the management of construction project in our country, the two-level network optimization model is established based on the HNPC model to satisfy the optimistic demands. The construction schedule optimizations under resource constraints and resource-leveling are researched, a solution strategy based on genetic algorithm and simulated annealing is presented. The excited sequence of transition is traded as population to be calculated, the Petri Net model and the algorithm are integrated.
The method of construction schedule control is researched. The method of line of balance (LOB) is introduced into the field of schedule control, the application principles and steps are elaborated, the LOB method and schedule front line (SFL) are integrated to monitor the construction process, the recognition of SFL and countermeasures are described. According to the HNPC model, the characteristics of construction process are explained. The fuzzy dynamic programming method is introduced into the process control and the realization is presented.
This paper systematic studies the theory and method of the construction schedule modeling and controlling. The system engineering, network plan, genetic algorithm and simulated annealing, fuzzy dynamic program are introduced to the field of modeling and controlling of construction schedule. The hierarchical network model is presented, the process and operation models are established, the method of optimization of schedule plan is researched, and the method of construction schedule control is improved.
引文
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