基于网格的协同设计方法研究
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摘要
网格是一种新兴的基于Internet的并行和分布式计算框架。它提供跨多个管理域的组织和企业的资源共享、信息交换、资源发现和资源整合。将计算网格理论应用到计算机协同设计中能够充分利用各种已经存在的设计资源，降低成本，提高产品质量，缩短产品交易期。
本文介绍了网格计算的分类、特点，将网格技术与当前一些网络技术的关系进行了分析。并着重论述了开放式网格服务架构，剖析了Globus工具包的系统架构。基于开放式网格服务架构，通过结合Globus、高级网络技术和中间件技术，提出了一种基于网格的现代设计框架(GMCD)，并就其体系结构、关键技术如任务分解、协同环境等的机制与策略进行了较为详细的讨论。本文对当前协同设计中出现的冲突消解策略进行了总结，并分析了各自的优缺点。在此基础上，提出了一种新的冲突消解结构，它结合了当前一些冲突消解策略的优点，使得GMCD的冲突消解具有良好的弹性，同时能更好的保证冲突的消除从而保证设计任务的按时完成。
GMCD克服了传统设计手段的封闭性，局限性和设计能力的不完备性，减少了设计资源的重复投入。设计任务的智能分解使整个设计过程对用户更加透明，同时缩短了设计周期，能有效增强了企业竞争能力和市场开拓力。
Grid emerges as a new infrastructure for Internet-based parallel and distributed computing. Grid enables the sharing, exchange, discovery and aggregation of distributed resources across multiple administrative domains, organizations and enterprises. Applying the theory of Grid to CSCD (computer supported collaborative design), many kinds of existed design resources can be utilized completely, the cost of exploring of products and the trading-period can be decreased, quality of products can be improved.
The paper introduces the style of grid computing, characteristics and the relation with current some network techniques. It analysis the current available developing technologies of CSCD, discusses the OGSA(open grid service architecture) and the architecture of GT3 (globus toolkit3). Based on the open grid service architecture, the paper introduces a GMCD (Grid enabling Modern Collaborative Design) framework by combining these Grid middleware, globus toolkits, modern network technologies and design middleware. The architecture and main technique such as job parser, collaborative environment of GMCD are discussed in detail. Though analyzing the conflict resolution of current collaborative design environments, a new architecture of conflict resolution is introduced. It has good flexibility and can resolute the most conflict, which ensure the finish of design tasks.
GMCD overcome the closed, localization and imperfection of traditional design, avoiding the repeat investment of design resources. The intelligent task-parser make GMCD become transparent for users, decreasing the period of development. It can enhance the ability of competition and exploitation in market environment.
本文介绍了网格计算的分类、特点，将网格技术与当前一些网络技术的关系进行了分析。并着重论述了开放式网格服务架构，剖析了Globus工具包的系统架构。基于开放式网格服务架构，通过结合Globus、高级网络技术和中间件技术，提出了一种基于网格的现代设计框架(GMCD)，并就其体系结构、关键技术如任务分解、协同环境等的机制与策略进行了较为详细的讨论。本文对当前协同设计中出现的冲突消解策略进行了总结，并分析了各自的优缺点。在此基础上，提出了一种新的冲突消解结构，它结合了当前一些冲突消解策略的优点，使得GMCD的冲突消解具有良好的弹性，同时能更好的保证冲突的消除从而保证设计任务的按时完成。
GMCD克服了传统设计手段的封闭性，局限性和设计能力的不完备性，减少了设计资源的重复投入。设计任务的智能分解使整个设计过程对用户更加透明，同时缩短了设计周期，能有效增强了企业竞争能力和市场开拓力。
Grid emerges as a new infrastructure for Internet-based parallel and distributed computing. Grid enables the sharing, exchange, discovery and aggregation of distributed resources across multiple administrative domains, organizations and enterprises. Applying the theory of Grid to CSCD (computer supported collaborative design), many kinds of existed design resources can be utilized completely, the cost of exploring of products and the trading-period can be decreased, quality of products can be improved.
The paper introduces the style of grid computing, characteristics and the relation with current some network techniques. It analysis the current available developing technologies of CSCD, discusses the OGSA(open grid service architecture) and the architecture of GT3 (globus toolkit3). Based on the open grid service architecture, the paper introduces a GMCD (Grid enabling Modern Collaborative Design) framework by combining these Grid middleware, globus toolkits, modern network technologies and design middleware. The architecture and main technique such as job parser, collaborative environment of GMCD are discussed in detail. Though analyzing the conflict resolution of current collaborative design environments, a new architecture of conflict resolution is introduced. It has good flexibility and can resolute the most conflict, which ensure the finish of design tasks.
GMCD overcome the closed, localization and imperfection of traditional design, avoiding the repeat investment of design resources. The intelligent task-parser make GMCD become transparent for users, decreasing the period of development. It can enhance the ability of competition and exploitation in market environment.
引文
[1]黄晔春，黄国立．网络制造中工作流管理技术的研究．制造业自动化，2002，24(2)：53～56
[2]Fran Berman, Geoffrey Fox ,Tony Hey. Grid Computing: Making the Global Infrastructure a Reality. USA: Wiley Publishers Inc.,2003.3～4
[3]Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman. The Grid, Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc.,1998.279～309
[4]Michael Case, Stephen CY Lu. Discourse Model for collaborative design. Computer-Aided Design. 1996:28(5):333～345
[5]田凌，童秉枢．网络化产品仂、同设计的路论与实践．计算机工程与应用．2002：38(5)：3～4
[6]虞付进．计算机支持的协同设计研究综述．机电工程．2000，17(3)：5～6
[7]李健，张鸿梁，王计斌，等．基于网络的协同设计方法研究．清华大学学报(自然科学版)．2000，40(9)：93～94
[8]吴迪，李扬，王青海．网格计算及其应用研究初探．电力系统通信．2003，6：22～25
[9]Charles Catlett, Larry Smarr. Metacomputing. Communications of the ACM, 1992, 35(6).44～52
[10]Anthony Chronopoulos, Satish Penmatsa, Ning Yu. Scalable Loop Self-Scheduling Schemes for Heterogeneous Clusters. In: Valcam P. eds. IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing. Chicago:IEEE Computer Society Press, 2002. 353～356
[11]Sudharshan Vazhkudai, Steven Tuecke, Ian Foster. Replica Selection in the Globus Data Grid. In:Cark Suecgk. eds. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Data Models and Databases on Clusters and the Grid. Chicago: IEEE Computer Society Press, 2001. 326～334
[12]Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, Jeffrey Nick, et al. Grid Services for
Distributed System Integration. In:Wilson, eds. IEEE Computer. Chicago:IEEE Computer Society Press, 2002.37～46
[13] William Leinberger, Vipin Kumar. Information Power Grid: The new frontier in parallel computing?. In:Teck. eds. IEEE Heterogeneous Computing Workshop. India: IEEE Concurrency , 1999. 75～84
[14] Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, Steve Tuecke. The Anatomy of the Grid: Enabling Scalable Virtual Organizations. International J. Supercomputer Applications 2001.15(3):2～3
[15] Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, GLOBUS:a Metacomputing Infrastructure Toolkit, Int. J. Supercomputing Applications1997. 115～128
[16] Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman. The Globus Project: A Status Report. In rackle, eds. Proc. Heterogeneous Computing Workshop. NY:IEEE Computer Society Press, 1998.4～18
[17] Catlett, Smarr L. Metacomputing. Communications of the ACM, 1992, 35(6):44～52
[18] 陈颖健．下一代网络技术：网格计算．国外科技动态．2002，20(7)：13～15
[19] Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, Steven Tuecke. The anatomy of the grid:Enabling scalable virtual organizations. International Journal of Supercomputer Applications, 2001,15(3): 200～222
[20] Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, John Nick, et al. The Physiology of the Grid: An Open Grid Services Architecture for Distributed Systems Integration. GlobusProject, 2002. http://www.globus.org/research/papers/ogsa.pdf
[21] 都志辉，陈渝，刘鹏．网格计算．北京：清华大学出版社．2002．112
[22] Engert, Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, et al. Design and Deployment of a National-Scale Authentication Infrastructure. IEEE Computer, 2000, 33(12):60～66
[23] Jay Unger, Matt Haynos. A visual tour of Open Grid Services Architecture: Examine the component structure of OGSA. 2003. http://www-900.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/grid/gr-visual/index_eng.shtml
[24] Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman. The Globus project: A status report. In Proceedings of IPPS/SPDP 98 Heterogeneous Computing Workshop (1998),
4～18
[25] Brunett, Czajkowski, Ian Foster, et al. Application Experiences with the Globus Toolkit. In Proc. 7th IEEE Symp. on High Performance Distributed Computing, IEEE Press, 1998. 81～89
[26] Globus Grid Forum homepage. Available from http://www.gridforum.org
[27] Khokhar Ashfaq, Prasanna Viktor, Wang Cho-Li. Heterogeneous computing:challenges and opportunities. Computer, 1993,26(6):18～27
[28] 黄昶，陆伟，吴朝晖．Grid技术研究现状及应用．计算机科学 2002，29(12)：21～22
[29] Ian Foster,Carl Kesselman. Globus:A Metacomputing Infrastructure Toolkit. International Journal of Supercomputer Applications, 1997,11(2):115～128
[30] Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, Steven Tuecke, The Anatomy of the Grid: Enabling Scalable Virtual Organizations. International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications, 2001,15(3):200～222
[31] 胡志刚，钟掘．解耦设计中分布式并行协同求解方法．中南工业大学学报，1998，29(1)：69～71
[32] 肖连兵，黄林鹏．网格计算综述．计算机工程，2002，28(3)：1～3
[33] Ian Foster. The Grid: A New Infrastructure for 21st Century Science. Physics Today, 2002,55(2):42～47
[34] 郭茂，蔡建国等．基于Internet网的再制造产品关键信息管理．机械设计与研究，2002，18(5)：32～34
[35] 刘飞，曹华军．绿色制造的理论体系框架．中国机械工程，2000，(11)9：961～964
[36] 胡志刚，阎朝坤，钟掘．基于网格的现代协同设计方法研究．已被中南大学学报录用，拟发表在2004年第四期
[37] Shannon Hastings, Mike Gray et al.,Grid Support for Collaborative Clinical and Biomedical Research Studies(Extended Abstract). The Advancing Pathology Informatics, Imaging, and the Internet Conference(APⅢ 2002)
[38] Chaitan Baru, Reagan Moore, Arcot Rajasekar, et al. The SDSC Storage Resource Broker. In Procs. of CASCON'98, Toronto, Canada, 1998
[39] Jeff Prey, Todd Tannenbaum, Miron Livny, et al. Condor-G: A
Computational Management Agent for Multi-institutional Grids. 2001. the Tenth International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC-10), IEEE Press
[40] Michael Beynon, Chialin Chang, Umit Catalyurek, et al. Processing Large-Scale Multidimensional Data in Parallel and Distributed Environments. Parallel Computing, 2002
[41] Ian Foster,Jens Voeckler. Chimera: A Virtual Data System for Representing, Querying, and Automating Data Derivation,"presented at Scientific and Statistical Database Management, 2002
[42] Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, The Globus Project: a status report, IPPS/SPDP'98 Heterogeneous Computing Workshop S. 1998.4～18
[43] Rajkumar Buyya, Kim Branson, Jon Giddy, et al. The Virtual Laboratory: Enabling On-Demand Drug Design with the World Wide Grid, Technical Report, Monash University;Also submitted to the: 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCGrid 2002),Berlin 2002.21～24
[44] Steven Fitzgerald, Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, et al. Proc. 6th IEEE Symposium on High-Performance Distributed Computing, 1997.365～375
[45] 李祥，袁国华，等，基于集成的协同设计冲突消解系统研究．计算机集成制造系统一CIMS，2000，6(4)：61～64
[46] 李祥，王东哲，周雄辉，等．协同设计过程中的冲突消解研究．航空制造技术，2001，7(1)：32～34
[47] 张新宇，张三元等．基于消息的协同设计中的冲突．工程图学学报．2002(3)：27
[48] 毕业论文：0332448 杨眉．网格 Portal的实施：[学士学位论文]．中南大学：信息科学与工程学院，2003
[49] 胡志刚，孙岱．基于网格的现代协同设计中的监控服务系统．已被计算机应用研究录用．拟发表在2004年11期
[50] 都志辉．XML编程实践—网络上的世界语．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．315～360
[51] 陈美霖．XML程序设计．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．210～236
[2]Fran Berman, Geoffrey Fox ,Tony Hey. Grid Computing: Making the Global Infrastructure a Reality. USA: Wiley Publishers Inc.,2003.3～4
[3]Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman. The Grid, Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc.,1998.279～309
[4]Michael Case, Stephen CY Lu. Discourse Model for collaborative design. Computer-Aided Design. 1996:28(5):333～345
[5]田凌，童秉枢．网络化产品仂、同设计的路论与实践．计算机工程与应用．2002：38(5)：3～4
[6]虞付进．计算机支持的协同设计研究综述．机电工程．2000，17(3)：5～6
[7]李健，张鸿梁，王计斌，等．基于网络的协同设计方法研究．清华大学学报(自然科学版)．2000，40(9)：93～94
[8]吴迪，李扬，王青海．网格计算及其应用研究初探．电力系统通信．2003，6：22～25
[9]Charles Catlett, Larry Smarr. Metacomputing. Communications of the ACM, 1992, 35(6).44～52
[10]Anthony Chronopoulos, Satish Penmatsa, Ning Yu. Scalable Loop Self-Scheduling Schemes for Heterogeneous Clusters. In: Valcam P. eds. IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing. Chicago:IEEE Computer Society Press, 2002. 353～356
[11]Sudharshan Vazhkudai, Steven Tuecke, Ian Foster. Replica Selection in the Globus Data Grid. In:Cark Suecgk. eds. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Data Models and Databases on Clusters and the Grid. Chicago: IEEE Computer Society Press, 2001. 326～334
[12]Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, Jeffrey Nick, et al. Grid Services for
Distributed System Integration. In:Wilson, eds. IEEE Computer. Chicago:IEEE Computer Society Press, 2002.37～46
[13] William Leinberger, Vipin Kumar. Information Power Grid: The new frontier in parallel computing?. In:Teck. eds. IEEE Heterogeneous Computing Workshop. India: IEEE Concurrency , 1999. 75～84
[14] Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, Steve Tuecke. The Anatomy of the Grid: Enabling Scalable Virtual Organizations. International J. Supercomputer Applications 2001.15(3):2～3
[15] Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, GLOBUS:a Metacomputing Infrastructure Toolkit, Int. J. Supercomputing Applications1997. 115～128
[16] Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman. The Globus Project: A Status Report. In rackle, eds. Proc. Heterogeneous Computing Workshop. NY:IEEE Computer Society Press, 1998.4～18
[17] Catlett, Smarr L. Metacomputing. Communications of the ACM, 1992, 35(6):44～52
[18] 陈颖健．下一代网络技术：网格计算．国外科技动态．2002，20(7)：13～15
[19] Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, Steven Tuecke. The anatomy of the grid:Enabling scalable virtual organizations. International Journal of Supercomputer Applications, 2001,15(3): 200～222
[20] Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, John Nick, et al. The Physiology of the Grid: An Open Grid Services Architecture for Distributed Systems Integration. GlobusProject, 2002. http://www.globus.org/research/papers/ogsa.pdf
[21] 都志辉，陈渝，刘鹏．网格计算．北京：清华大学出版社．2002．112
[22] Engert, Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, et al. Design and Deployment of a National-Scale Authentication Infrastructure. IEEE Computer, 2000, 33(12):60～66
[23] Jay Unger, Matt Haynos. A visual tour of Open Grid Services Architecture: Examine the component structure of OGSA. 2003. http://www-900.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/grid/gr-visual/index_eng.shtml
[24] Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman. The Globus project: A status report. In Proceedings of IPPS/SPDP 98 Heterogeneous Computing Workshop (1998),
4～18
[25] Brunett, Czajkowski, Ian Foster, et al. Application Experiences with the Globus Toolkit. In Proc. 7th IEEE Symp. on High Performance Distributed Computing, IEEE Press, 1998. 81～89
[26] Globus Grid Forum homepage. Available from http://www.gridforum.org
[27] Khokhar Ashfaq, Prasanna Viktor, Wang Cho-Li. Heterogeneous computing:challenges and opportunities. Computer, 1993,26(6):18～27
[28] 黄昶，陆伟，吴朝晖．Grid技术研究现状及应用．计算机科学 2002，29(12)：21～22
[29] Ian Foster,Carl Kesselman. Globus:A Metacomputing Infrastructure Toolkit. International Journal of Supercomputer Applications, 1997,11(2):115～128
[30] Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, Steven Tuecke, The Anatomy of the Grid: Enabling Scalable Virtual Organizations. International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications, 2001,15(3):200～222
[31] 胡志刚，钟掘．解耦设计中分布式并行协同求解方法．中南工业大学学报，1998，29(1)：69～71
[32] 肖连兵，黄林鹏．网格计算综述．计算机工程，2002，28(3)：1～3
[33] Ian Foster. The Grid: A New Infrastructure for 21st Century Science. Physics Today, 2002,55(2):42～47
[34] 郭茂，蔡建国等．基于Internet网的再制造产品关键信息管理．机械设计与研究，2002，18(5)：32～34
[35] 刘飞，曹华军．绿色制造的理论体系框架．中国机械工程，2000，(11)9：961～964
[36] 胡志刚，阎朝坤，钟掘．基于网格的现代协同设计方法研究．已被中南大学学报录用，拟发表在2004年第四期
[37] Shannon Hastings, Mike Gray et al.,Grid Support for Collaborative Clinical and Biomedical Research Studies(Extended Abstract). The Advancing Pathology Informatics, Imaging, and the Internet Conference(APⅢ 2002)
[38] Chaitan Baru, Reagan Moore, Arcot Rajasekar, et al. The SDSC Storage Resource Broker. In Procs. of CASCON'98, Toronto, Canada, 1998
[39] Jeff Prey, Todd Tannenbaum, Miron Livny, et al. Condor-G: A
Computational Management Agent for Multi-institutional Grids. 2001. the Tenth International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC-10), IEEE Press
[40] Michael Beynon, Chialin Chang, Umit Catalyurek, et al. Processing Large-Scale Multidimensional Data in Parallel and Distributed Environments. Parallel Computing, 2002
[41] Ian Foster,Jens Voeckler. Chimera: A Virtual Data System for Representing, Querying, and Automating Data Derivation,"presented at Scientific and Statistical Database Management, 2002
[42] Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, The Globus Project: a status report, IPPS/SPDP'98 Heterogeneous Computing Workshop S. 1998.4～18
[43] Rajkumar Buyya, Kim Branson, Jon Giddy, et al. The Virtual Laboratory: Enabling On-Demand Drug Design with the World Wide Grid, Technical Report, Monash University;Also submitted to the: 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCGrid 2002),Berlin 2002.21～24
[44] Steven Fitzgerald, Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, et al. Proc. 6th IEEE Symposium on High-Performance Distributed Computing, 1997.365～375
[45] 李祥，袁国华，等，基于集成的协同设计冲突消解系统研究．计算机集成制造系统一CIMS，2000，6(4)：61～64
[46] 李祥，王东哲，周雄辉，等．协同设计过程中的冲突消解研究．航空制造技术，2001，7(1)：32～34
[47] 张新宇，张三元等．基于消息的协同设计中的冲突．工程图学学报．2002(3)：27
[48] 毕业论文：0332448 杨眉．网格 Portal的实施：[学士学位论文]．中南大学：信息科学与工程学院，2003
[49] 胡志刚，孙岱．基于网格的现代协同设计中的监控服务系统．已被计算机应用研究录用．拟发表在2004年11期
[50] 都志辉．XML编程实践—网络上的世界语．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．315～360
[51] 陈美霖．XML程序设计．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．210～236