秸秆压块试验研究及压块机零件有限元分析
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摘要
为了进一步研究各因素对秸秆压块成型和压块机性能参数的影响,为压块机的设计提供基础数据,本研究以9YK-0.4D型秸秆压块机为试验设备进行了压块试验研究。首先对秸秆的含水率和环模转速进行单因素试验,分别得到玉米秸秆含水率和环模转速的合适取值范围,然后分别选择含水率、环模与压辊间隙、环模转速进行多因素正交试验研究,通过对正交试验结果的直观分析和方差分析,揭示了影响生产率的主要因素为玉米秸秆的含水率,影响功耗的主要因素为环模转速,并获得了各评价指标的最优组合,并且通过试验数据的部分正交多项式回归分析,获得了生产率指标与各影响因素之间的非线性关系式,为秸秆压块机的设计与工艺参数优化提供了理论依据。此后基于UG对压块机进行了整机的建模,以多因素研究结果为依据,基于ANSYS对压块机主轴工作的可靠性进行了有限元分析验证,并对喂入装置开发了基于APDL的参数化有限元专用分析程序。该程序利用ANSYS的命令流功能与APDL的参数化编程功能,创建了喂入装置的参数化分析程序和程序操作界面,实现了喂入装置的等距螺旋机构与变螺距螺旋机构的参数化建模、参数化有限元边界定义、参数化有限元分析以及参数化后处理显示等功能。此开发结合了ANSYS的人机交互方式与命令流输入方式的优点,方便了三维模型与分析模型的更改,为提高压块机整机的设计水平与设计效率奠定了基础。
For the sake of raising productivity、decreasing energy consumption and enhancing the design level of cuber, the multi-factor compress experiments of cornstalk were carried out based on 9YK-0.4D cuber and the finite element analysis model was established on feed components based on ANSYS and APDL. Firstly, the moisture content and compress speed were studied individually in case of the other factors unchanged, in which the suitable moisture content and the propositional compress speed were achieved. According to the above conclusion, the orthogonal polynomial regression design was adopt and orthogonal experiment was carried out on influencing factors, including moisture content、compress speed and compress clearance. After that, experimental data was disposed by variance analysis of factors, the result of variance analysis shows that moisture content effects the productivity very evidently, and the main influencing element of energy consumption is compress speed. And then the regression equation about productivity was accepted based on analysis method of polynomial regression. Finally, using the modeling function of UG the Cuber’s 3D entity design was achieved, and based on the conclusion of the multi-factor compress experiments the Modal analysis and shearing strength analysis were carried out to the cuber’s shaft model, which was achieved by the interface of IGES between UG and ANSYS. And then utilizing ANSYS command stream and APDL (ANSYS Parametric Design Language) language the parametric finite element analysis modeling of feed component was established. It included the realization of toolbars、dialog box、parametric entity modeling and parametric analysis. The modal analysis was carried out to the feed component based on this program, and the conclusions of analysis were showed automatically. The result shows that this method improving the efficiency and level of cuber design, which overcomes many repeated work.
For the sake of raising productivity、decreasing energy consumption and enhancing the design level of cuber, the multi-factor compress experiments of cornstalk were carried out based on 9YK-0.4D cuber and the finite element analysis model was established on feed components based on ANSYS and APDL. Firstly, the moisture content and compress speed were studied individually in case of the other factors unchanged, in which the suitable moisture content and the propositional compress speed were achieved. According to the above conclusion, the orthogonal polynomial regression design was adopt and orthogonal experiment was carried out on influencing factors, including moisture content、compress speed and compress clearance. After that, experimental data was disposed by variance analysis of factors, the result of variance analysis shows that moisture content effects the productivity very evidently, and the main influencing element of energy consumption is compress speed. And then the regression equation about productivity was accepted based on analysis method of polynomial regression. Finally, using the modeling function of UG the Cuber’s 3D entity design was achieved, and based on the conclusion of the multi-factor compress experiments the Modal analysis and shearing strength analysis were carried out to the cuber’s shaft model, which was achieved by the interface of IGES between UG and ANSYS. And then utilizing ANSYS command stream and APDL (ANSYS Parametric Design Language) language the parametric finite element analysis modeling of feed component was established. It included the realization of toolbars、dialog box、parametric entity modeling and parametric analysis. The modal analysis was carried out to the feed component based on this program, and the conclusions of analysis were showed automatically. The result shows that this method improving the efficiency and level of cuber design, which overcomes many repeated work.
引文
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6 Cz.卡那沃依斯基.收获机械[M].北京:中国农业机械出版社,1983.143-144
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9 李旭英,杨明韶,白雪卫,韩保生,张永.饲草含水率对压块成型的影响[J].农机化研究,2004,7:150-152
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11 刘庆权,聂春宵.秸秆压块技术的研究[J].饲料工业,2000 年第 21 卷第 1 期:11-13
12 Gustafson,A.S.;Kjelgaard,W.L.Hay pellet:geometry and stability[J]. Agriculture Engineering, 1963,44(8):422-425
13 Butler,J.L.;McColly,H.F.Factors affecting the pelleting of hay[J]. Agricultural Engineering 1959(408):442-446
14 Faborode,M.O.The compression and relaxation behaviour of fibrous agricultural materials[J].PhD Thesis,Department of Agricultural Engineering,University of Newcastle Tyne,1986:150-207
15 Bilanski, W.k.;Graham, V. A.; Hanusiak, J. A. Mechanics of bulk forage deformation with application to wafering[J]. Transactions of the American Society of Agriculture Engineers. 1985,28(3):697-702
16 恩和.环模式粗饲料压块机的研究[J].加工与设备,1998 年第 19 卷第 8 期:10-12
17 OMRON.E6B2-C 型增量编码器使用说明书[M],2005.1054-1057
18 YASKAWA.多功能全数字式变频器(VS-616G5)使用说明书[M].2003:3.1-3.7
19 张志强.秸秆压块饲料机成型区的研究与分析[D]. 河北农业大学,硕士学位论文,2007.6-37
20 白雪卫.沉水植物压块试验研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,学士学位论文, 2002.5-20
21 ASAE.Wafer, pellets and crumbles,definitions and methods for determining specific weight, durability and moisture-content[C]. ASAE.-S 269.2, Agric.Engng Yearbook 1975:393
22 任露泉.试验优化设计与分析[M].高等教育出版社,2003.278-297
23 王志飞, 亢燕茹,韩宝生等. 压块机工艺参数对生产率和功率的影响[M].农机化研究.2007,4:106-108
24 李云雁.胡传荣.试验设计与数据处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.2
25 唐启义,冯明光.实用统计分析及其 DPS 数据处理系统[M].科技出版社,2002.43-80
26 任露泉.试验优化设计与分析[M],北京:高等教育出版社,2003.278-297
27 UG NX4.0 DOCUMENTATION[M] .Unigraphics Solution Inc.
28 戴春祥.UG NX4 高级装配培训教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.10
29 张 潮 晖 .ANSYS 8.0 结 构 分 析 与 实 例 解 析 [M]. 北 京 : 机 械 工 业 出 版社,2005.196-211
30 周宁.ANSYS 机械工程应用实例[M]. 北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.163-175.
31 王沫然.MATLAB 与科学计算[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.313-330
32 杨红霞.机车构架静强度及模态有限元分析[J].设计与研究,2006(11):14-16
33 周于海.基于 APDL 的甲板吊臂架结构参数化建模及动态响应研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,硕士学位论文,2006.2-32
34 博弈创作室,APDL 参数化有限元分析技术及其应用实例.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.1-3
35 王联奎,候建华.螺旋输送机传动装置设计[J].现代制造技术与装备.2007 第 1期:16-18
36 胡勇克,戴莉莉,皮亚南.螺 旋 输送器 的 原理与 设 计[J].南昌 大学学报 (工 科版),2000,11.Vol.22 No.4:29-30
37 刘莉昕,高迎宪.变螺距螺旋线的设计方法.包装与食品机械.1998 年第 16 卷第 6期:10-12
38 应保胜,高全杰.实例推理和规则推理在 CAD 中的集成研究. 武汉科技大学学报(自然科学版),2002 年 3 月第 25 卷第 1 期:61-63
2 李旭英,尚士友,杨明韶,倪志华,白雪卫. 沉水植物压块试验研究[J].《饲料工业》,2003 年第 24 卷第 11 期:22-24
3 李旭英.高密度压捆机动力行为的研究及其仿真[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,博士学位论文,2007.2-10
4 白杉.我国秸秆饲料的分布及加工发展现状[J].江西饲料,2004,2
5 赵耀,王延伸.秸秆压块机的用途与效益[J].农机世界,2003 年第 7 期:38
6 Cz.卡那沃依斯基.收获机械[M].北京:中国农业机械出版社,1983.143-144
7 杨俊成,郭佩玉,夏建平. 秸秆开模压饼工艺的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,1997,9:125-129
8 徐斌,于斌,王德友,石铁,钱晓辉. 9CYZ-4A 型草块压制机的模拟试验及理论分析[J].农机化研究,1998,5:45-47
9 李旭英,杨明韶,白雪卫,韩保生,张永.饲草含水率对压块成型的影响[J].农机化研究,2004,7:150-152
10 Li Xuying,Yang Mingshao,Ni Zhihua.The Factors to Affect the Cube FormationProcess of Long Fibrous Stuff[C].SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE ARGRICU-LTURE FOR FOOD,ENERGY AND INDUSTRY. 2002.8:861-864
11 刘庆权,聂春宵.秸秆压块技术的研究[J].饲料工业,2000 年第 21 卷第 1 期:11-13
12 Gustafson,A.S.;Kjelgaard,W.L.Hay pellet:geometry and stability[J]. Agriculture Engineering, 1963,44(8):422-425
13 Butler,J.L.;McColly,H.F.Factors affecting the pelleting of hay[J]. Agricultural Engineering 1959(408):442-446
14 Faborode,M.O.The compression and relaxation behaviour of fibrous agricultural materials[J].PhD Thesis,Department of Agricultural Engineering,University of Newcastle Tyne,1986:150-207
15 Bilanski, W.k.;Graham, V. A.; Hanusiak, J. A. Mechanics of bulk forage deformation with application to wafering[J]. Transactions of the American Society of Agriculture Engineers. 1985,28(3):697-702
16 恩和.环模式粗饲料压块机的研究[J].加工与设备,1998 年第 19 卷第 8 期:10-12
17 OMRON.E6B2-C 型增量编码器使用说明书[M],2005.1054-1057
18 YASKAWA.多功能全数字式变频器(VS-616G5)使用说明书[M].2003:3.1-3.7
19 张志强.秸秆压块饲料机成型区的研究与分析[D]. 河北农业大学,硕士学位论文,2007.6-37
20 白雪卫.沉水植物压块试验研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,学士学位论文, 2002.5-20
21 ASAE.Wafer, pellets and crumbles,definitions and methods for determining specific weight, durability and moisture-content[C]. ASAE.-S 269.2, Agric.Engng Yearbook 1975:393
22 任露泉.试验优化设计与分析[M].高等教育出版社,2003.278-297
23 王志飞, 亢燕茹,韩宝生等. 压块机工艺参数对生产率和功率的影响[M].农机化研究.2007,4:106-108
24 李云雁.胡传荣.试验设计与数据处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.2
25 唐启义,冯明光.实用统计分析及其 DPS 数据处理系统[M].科技出版社,2002.43-80
26 任露泉.试验优化设计与分析[M],北京:高等教育出版社,2003.278-297
27 UG NX4.0 DOCUMENTATION[M] .Unigraphics Solution Inc.
28 戴春祥.UG NX4 高级装配培训教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.10
29 张 潮 晖 .ANSYS 8.0 结 构 分 析 与 实 例 解 析 [M]. 北 京 : 机 械 工 业 出 版社,2005.196-211
30 周宁.ANSYS 机械工程应用实例[M]. 北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.163-175.
31 王沫然.MATLAB 与科学计算[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.313-330
32 杨红霞.机车构架静强度及模态有限元分析[J].设计与研究,2006(11):14-16
33 周于海.基于 APDL 的甲板吊臂架结构参数化建模及动态响应研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,硕士学位论文,2006.2-32
34 博弈创作室,APDL 参数化有限元分析技术及其应用实例.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.1-3
35 王联奎,候建华.螺旋输送机传动装置设计[J].现代制造技术与装备.2007 第 1期:16-18
36 胡勇克,戴莉莉,皮亚南.螺 旋 输送器 的 原理与 设 计[J].南昌 大学学报 (工 科版),2000,11.Vol.22 No.4:29-30
37 刘莉昕,高迎宪.变螺距螺旋线的设计方法.包装与食品机械.1998 年第 16 卷第 6期:10-12
38 应保胜,高全杰.实例推理和规则推理在 CAD 中的集成研究. 武汉科技大学学报(自然科学版),2002 年 3 月第 25 卷第 1 期:61-63