英国《高等教育的未来》(2003)政策文本研究——从教育公平性角度
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摘要
我国正在向高等教育大众化迈进,高等教育大众化不仅意味着受过高等教育人口绝对数的增加,而且还意味着受过高等教育人口的性别分布、阶层分布、地域分布等要建立在公平原则的基础上。因此,高等教育大众化与公平理念是不可分割的,公平原则是高等教育大众化的逻辑起点,推进高等教育大众化必须高度重视公平问题。
     本文从国际比较的视野出发,在对国外高等教育大众化与教育公平问题的研究基础上,从教育公平性的角度出发,对英国《高等教育的未来》(2003)白皮书进行了系统的政策分析。在理论层面,本文一方面分析研究马丁·特罗的高等教育大众化理论及其对教育公平问题的重要论述,另一方面吸收和借鉴了科尔曼、胡森等人关于教育公平方面的理论研究,这也是本文研究框架的支撑。英国高等教育大众化进程中教育公平观的演变是本文的政策背景,这在第二章有集中论述。在第三章的文本叙述中,作者首先介绍了政策文本的形成,进而详细介绍了有关高等教育公平性方面的改革建议,其中包括提高中小学和继续教育的人数和标准;提高年轻人接受高等教育的积极性;改革和完善高等教育的新生录取方法;增强教育部门对高等教育入学管理的监察和服务功能等等。在对这些政策建议的实施情况进行介绍的基础上,本文一方面从横向角度分析了影响政策实施的相关因素,另一方面从纵向角度通过与英国以往高等教育政策在公平性问题上的对比,进一步论述了2003年白皮书对英国高等教育公平性的意义,这也是论文的研究结论。在上述研究的基础上,本着借鉴与参考的原则,同时结合我国高等教育大众化中教育公平问题的现状,对我国高等教育公平性问题提出几点参考性建议。
China is striding for mass higher education that not only means more people will have access to higher education, but also distribution between different genders, social class and regions will be based on equity. Mass higher education cannot be separated from equity, which is logical start of mass higher education. Therefore, much more attentions must be paid to equity for promoting mass higher education.
    Based on international comparison and research on situations of mass higher education and educational equity in other countries, the author has a systematic analysis of British policy, The Future of Higher Education (2003), from perspective of educational equity. In theoretical aspect, the analysis is put into Martin Trow's theory about mass higher education and educational equity, and the research of Coleman and Torsten Husen about educational equity is absorbed as well. The two theories are pillars of my theoretical framework. The development of educational equity in mass higher education in UK acts as a policy background, which will be available in chapter two. In chapter three, the formation of the policy is introduced first, and then the proposes about higher education equity is provided, which includes raising participation and standards in our reforms of secondary and further education, promoting the aspiration of schools and young people, improving admission procedures and the educational departments monitoring and serving functions to admissions management. Based on the introduction for policy implement, relevant factors influencing policy implementation has been analyzed from one side. Then, the function of White Paper (2003) for higher education equity in UK has been concluded after contrasting with previous higher education policies. According to research mentioned above, combined with the problems of educational equity in mass higher education in China, some proposes are put forward for settlement about the problems of higher education equity in China.
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