大型提梁机结构有限元分析与优化设计
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摘要
本文以某公司生产的用于高速铁路桥梁架设用的9000kN级轮胎式提梁机为研究对象,利用大型有限元计算软件ANSYS提供的参数化语言(APDL),建立了提梁机结构的参数化模型,采用ANSYS对该提梁机进行了静强度、静刚度、稳定性分析及模态分析,发现该轮胎式提梁机主梁及枕梁局部结构存在一定问题;通过对提梁机主梁和枕梁局部结构进行改进,并对改进后的提梁机进行有限元分析,得出改进后的提梁机满足静强度、静刚度及稳定性要求;接着利用ANSYS的优化分析模块对提梁机主梁进行优化设计,得出了主梁较合理的几何尺寸,并对优化后的提梁机进行了静强度、静刚度与稳定性验算,验证了优化结果的可行性。
本次研究结果表明用ANSYS进行有限元分析既可以节省人力物力,又有比较高的模拟精度,对于工程实际是非常有用的,可以提高大型起重机械结构设计水平,使其结构更加合理,既满足当今社会发展的需求,也显示了ANSYS在有限元分析和优化设计中的作用和意义,该提梁机的有限元分析与优化设计研究可为同类产品的设计及工程实际问题的解决提供具有参考价值的理论依据与实践指导。
In this paper, 9000kN Wheel Type Pneumatic Girder Gantry Cranes for Express Railway Constructions is used as an object of study. A model of Pneumatic Girder Gantry Cranes is established by using finite element software ANSYS and APDL parametric language, and then static structure analysis and stability analysis are carried out to the Pneumatic Girder Gantry Cranes with ANSYS software. The analysis results indicate that the Pneumatic Girder Gantry Cranes isn't satisfying intensity and stability requirement, therefore, the improvement design for the local structure are conducted, and the improved Pneumatic Girder Gantry Cranes is analyzed. The results are satisfactory. The optimization design of main girde has been conducted by ANSYS software. According to the principal that both security and efficiency are necessary, stability analysis and structure analysis were both applied to it again. It was shown that the results are more reasonable,accurate and reliable.
Finite element modeling and analysis with ANSYS may save manpower and material resources and have relatively simulation precision. It is very helpful to advance the structure design level in engineering of oversize gantry crane. It makes the structure more reasonable and meets the demand of social development. Through this study, we can find the function and significance of finite element analysis and optimizion design. The Study method of finite element analysis and optimizion design is provide theoretical foundation and practical guidance for designing the products of same kind.
本次研究结果表明用ANSYS进行有限元分析既可以节省人力物力,又有比较高的模拟精度,对于工程实际是非常有用的,可以提高大型起重机械结构设计水平,使其结构更加合理,既满足当今社会发展的需求,也显示了ANSYS在有限元分析和优化设计中的作用和意义,该提梁机的有限元分析与优化设计研究可为同类产品的设计及工程实际问题的解决提供具有参考价值的理论依据与实践指导。
In this paper, 9000kN Wheel Type Pneumatic Girder Gantry Cranes for Express Railway Constructions is used as an object of study. A model of Pneumatic Girder Gantry Cranes is established by using finite element software ANSYS and APDL parametric language, and then static structure analysis and stability analysis are carried out to the Pneumatic Girder Gantry Cranes with ANSYS software. The analysis results indicate that the Pneumatic Girder Gantry Cranes isn't satisfying intensity and stability requirement, therefore, the improvement design for the local structure are conducted, and the improved Pneumatic Girder Gantry Cranes is analyzed. The results are satisfactory. The optimization design of main girde has been conducted by ANSYS software. According to the principal that both security and efficiency are necessary, stability analysis and structure analysis were both applied to it again. It was shown that the results are more reasonable,accurate and reliable.
Finite element modeling and analysis with ANSYS may save manpower and material resources and have relatively simulation precision. It is very helpful to advance the structure design level in engineering of oversize gantry crane. It makes the structure more reasonable and meets the demand of social development. Through this study, we can find the function and significance of finite element analysis and optimizion design. The Study method of finite element analysis and optimizion design is provide theoretical foundation and practical guidance for designing the products of same kind.
引文
[1]王欣,高顺德,屈福政.国内外大型起重机的发展状况[J].建筑机械,2005,2:28-32
[2]倪庆兴,王焕勇.起重机械[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2000
[3]杨长骥.起重机械[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[4]陈灵,张智莹.高速铁路大型箱梁架运设备及其应用(下)[J].建筑机械化,2007,5:17-20
[5]李怡厚.铁路客运专线架梁铺轨施工设备[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2003
[6]王海.900T提梁机的设计与实现[D].上海:同济大学硕士学位论文,2007
[7]邱栋良.国内外起重机发展动态[J].起重运输机械,1997,8:3-5
[8]须雷.现代起重机的特征和发展趋势.起重运输机械,1997,10:3-7
[9]吴丽萍.我国起重机新技术的进展与国外发展动向[J].山西机械,2002,3:4-6
[10]朱德康,邹胜.起重机创新设计展望[J].起重运输机械,2007,2:1-4
[11]汪克斌.结构分析有限元原理及ANSYS实现[M].国防工业出版社,2005
[12][美]莫维尼著,王裕等译.有限元分析:ANSYS理论与应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[13]段进,倪栋,王国业.ANSYS 10.0结构分析从入门到精通[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[14]成祥生.应用板壳理论[M].济南:山东科学出版社,1989
[15]唐觉明.基于有限元技术的工程机械设计研究[J].煤矿机械,2006,7:57-59
[16]王勖成.有限单元法.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[17]Choudhardy S K,Grosse I R.Effective Strss-Based Finite Element Error Estimation for Composite Bodes.EngineeringFractureMechanics,1995,50:687-701
[18]Edward R C.Finite Element Analysis in Manufacturing Engineering.New York:MC Graw-hill,inc.1991.140-145
[19]Stefan Reh,Jean-Daniel Beley,Siddhartha Mukherjee,etal.Probabilistic finite element analysis using ANSYS[J]Structural Safety,2006,28:17-43
[20]Hojjati M.H.,Sadighi A.Reliability Based Finite Element Analysis of Mechanical Components[J].Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures,2009,5(2):151-162
[21]杨春宁.650kN龙门吊结构设计及验算[J].铁道标准设计,2007,3:58-60
[22]GBT3811-2008.起重机设计规范.北京:国家标准局出版社,2008
[23]胡宗武,顾迪民.起重机设计计算[M].北京:北京科学技术出版社:1987
[24]张质文,虞和谦,王金诺等.起重机设计手册[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2001
[25]吕彭民.特大跨度门式起重机结构安全性计算机仿真[J].山东交通学院学报,2002,2:69-74
[26]缪增华.硬X射线调制望远镜结构动力及稳定性分析[D].重庆:重庆大学硕士学位论文,2004
[27]李存权.结构稳定和稳定内力[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[28]A.查杰斯著,汤家祥译.结构稳定性理论原理[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1982
[29]周长城,胡仁喜,熊文波.ANSYS11.0基础与典型范例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007
[30]刘国庆,杨庆.ANSYS工程应用教程——机械篇[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2003
[31]高继勇,王金诺.龙门起重机动态分析与优化设计[J].机械设计,1994,6:13-17
[32]沈健.龙门起重机结构动力学分析[D].上海:上海海运学院硕士学位论文,2003
[33]孙主颖,赖一楠,白清顺.机械优化设计[M].哈尔滨,哈尔滨工业大学出版社:2007
[34]孙靖民.机械优化设计[M].北京,机械工业出版社,2003
[35]博弈创作室.APDL参数化有限元分析技术及其应用例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004
[36]龚曙光,谢桂兰.ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程[J].机械工业出版社,2004
[37]ANSYS5.5,ANSYS APDL Guide[M].,ANSYS.Inc.,1998
[38]周宁.ANSYS-APDL高级工程应用实例分析与二次开发[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007
[39]崔华伟,徐长生.桥式起重机桥架结构参数化设计与有限元分析[J].起重运输机械,2007.7:21-23
[40]宿艳彩.基于ANSYS软件的桥架结构参数化有限元分析[D].成都:西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2006
[41]杨秀萍,王鹏林.基于ANSYS APDL语言的零件参数化有限元分析[J].设计与研究,2005,11:10-12
[42]唐绍华,刘世豪.基于ANSYS的客车车身结构有限元分析及其优化设计[J].数字设计与数字制造,2007,10:47-50
[43]曹玉泉.门式起重机优化设计模型构建研究[J].长安大学学报,2003,12:53-56
[44]刘永峰,秦建军.门式起重机梁结构计算机参数化设计关键技术[J].起重运输机械,2005.11:124-26
[45]杨正,薛金保,方彪等.大型门式起重机结构设计计算[J].机械设计与制造.2006,12:17-19
[46]张春茂.轨道式集装箱龙门起重机参数化设计研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2006
[47]柯常忠,索海波.ANSYS优化技术在结构设计中的应用[J].煤矿机械.2005,1:9-11
[48]何文斌,李菊丽,李立伟.ANSYS在液压支架优化设计中的应用[J].机械设计与制造,2007,4:170-172
[50]庄轶,谢俐.结构优化设计的有限元方法分析[J].山西建筑,2007,33(11):66-68
[51]庞立军.ANSYS优化技术在水轮机顶盖设计中的应用[J].上海大中型电机,2007,4:7-9
[52]刘淑香,于兰峰,王洪欣等.基于灵敏度分析的集装箱龙门起重机结构的优化设计[J].机械产品与科技,2008,3:9-11
[53]D.Manickarajah,Y.M.Xie,G..P.Steven.Optimisation of columns and frames against buckling[J].Computers and Structures,2000,75:45-54
[54]Roy Rajkumar,Johns Hinduja Srichand,Teti Roberto.Recent advances in engineering design optimisation:Challenges and future trends[J].CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,2008,V57(2):697-715
[55]Aber(?)ek.B.,Miklu(?).S.Models for optimization of gantry crane main girder[J].Key Engineering Materials,2007,348:657-660
[56]KOETSLI Yamazaki,JIRO Sakamoto,MASAMI Kitano.Three-dimensional shape optimization using the boundary element method[J].AIAA.Journal,1994,32(6):1296-1301
[57]Xu Gening,Gao Youshan,Zhang Xueliang,Yang Ruigang.Hyperstatic structure mapping model building and optimizing design[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering(English Edition),2007,20(1):55-59
[2]倪庆兴,王焕勇.起重机械[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2000
[3]杨长骥.起重机械[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[4]陈灵,张智莹.高速铁路大型箱梁架运设备及其应用(下)[J].建筑机械化,2007,5:17-20
[5]李怡厚.铁路客运专线架梁铺轨施工设备[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2003
[6]王海.900T提梁机的设计与实现[D].上海:同济大学硕士学位论文,2007
[7]邱栋良.国内外起重机发展动态[J].起重运输机械,1997,8:3-5
[8]须雷.现代起重机的特征和发展趋势.起重运输机械,1997,10:3-7
[9]吴丽萍.我国起重机新技术的进展与国外发展动向[J].山西机械,2002,3:4-6
[10]朱德康,邹胜.起重机创新设计展望[J].起重运输机械,2007,2:1-4
[11]汪克斌.结构分析有限元原理及ANSYS实现[M].国防工业出版社,2005
[12][美]莫维尼著,王裕等译.有限元分析:ANSYS理论与应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[13]段进,倪栋,王国业.ANSYS 10.0结构分析从入门到精通[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[14]成祥生.应用板壳理论[M].济南:山东科学出版社,1989
[15]唐觉明.基于有限元技术的工程机械设计研究[J].煤矿机械,2006,7:57-59
[16]王勖成.有限单元法.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[17]Choudhardy S K,Grosse I R.Effective Strss-Based Finite Element Error Estimation for Composite Bodes.EngineeringFractureMechanics,1995,50:687-701
[18]Edward R C.Finite Element Analysis in Manufacturing Engineering.New York:MC Graw-hill,inc.1991.140-145
[19]Stefan Reh,Jean-Daniel Beley,Siddhartha Mukherjee,etal.Probabilistic finite element analysis using ANSYS[J]Structural Safety,2006,28:17-43
[20]Hojjati M.H.,Sadighi A.Reliability Based Finite Element Analysis of Mechanical Components[J].Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures,2009,5(2):151-162
[21]杨春宁.650kN龙门吊结构设计及验算[J].铁道标准设计,2007,3:58-60
[22]GBT3811-2008.起重机设计规范.北京:国家标准局出版社,2008
[23]胡宗武,顾迪民.起重机设计计算[M].北京:北京科学技术出版社:1987
[24]张质文,虞和谦,王金诺等.起重机设计手册[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2001
[25]吕彭民.特大跨度门式起重机结构安全性计算机仿真[J].山东交通学院学报,2002,2:69-74
[26]缪增华.硬X射线调制望远镜结构动力及稳定性分析[D].重庆:重庆大学硕士学位论文,2004
[27]李存权.结构稳定和稳定内力[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[28]A.查杰斯著,汤家祥译.结构稳定性理论原理[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1982
[29]周长城,胡仁喜,熊文波.ANSYS11.0基础与典型范例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007
[30]刘国庆,杨庆.ANSYS工程应用教程——机械篇[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2003
[31]高继勇,王金诺.龙门起重机动态分析与优化设计[J].机械设计,1994,6:13-17
[32]沈健.龙门起重机结构动力学分析[D].上海:上海海运学院硕士学位论文,2003
[33]孙主颖,赖一楠,白清顺.机械优化设计[M].哈尔滨,哈尔滨工业大学出版社:2007
[34]孙靖民.机械优化设计[M].北京,机械工业出版社,2003
[35]博弈创作室.APDL参数化有限元分析技术及其应用例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004
[36]龚曙光,谢桂兰.ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程[J].机械工业出版社,2004
[37]ANSYS5.5,ANSYS APDL Guide[M].,ANSYS.Inc.,1998
[38]周宁.ANSYS-APDL高级工程应用实例分析与二次开发[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007
[39]崔华伟,徐长生.桥式起重机桥架结构参数化设计与有限元分析[J].起重运输机械,2007.7:21-23
[40]宿艳彩.基于ANSYS软件的桥架结构参数化有限元分析[D].成都:西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2006
[41]杨秀萍,王鹏林.基于ANSYS APDL语言的零件参数化有限元分析[J].设计与研究,2005,11:10-12
[42]唐绍华,刘世豪.基于ANSYS的客车车身结构有限元分析及其优化设计[J].数字设计与数字制造,2007,10:47-50
[43]曹玉泉.门式起重机优化设计模型构建研究[J].长安大学学报,2003,12:53-56
[44]刘永峰,秦建军.门式起重机梁结构计算机参数化设计关键技术[J].起重运输机械,2005.11:124-26
[45]杨正,薛金保,方彪等.大型门式起重机结构设计计算[J].机械设计与制造.2006,12:17-19
[46]张春茂.轨道式集装箱龙门起重机参数化设计研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2006
[47]柯常忠,索海波.ANSYS优化技术在结构设计中的应用[J].煤矿机械.2005,1:9-11
[48]何文斌,李菊丽,李立伟.ANSYS在液压支架优化设计中的应用[J].机械设计与制造,2007,4:170-172
[50]庄轶,谢俐.结构优化设计的有限元方法分析[J].山西建筑,2007,33(11):66-68
[51]庞立军.ANSYS优化技术在水轮机顶盖设计中的应用[J].上海大中型电机,2007,4:7-9
[52]刘淑香,于兰峰,王洪欣等.基于灵敏度分析的集装箱龙门起重机结构的优化设计[J].机械产品与科技,2008,3:9-11
[53]D.Manickarajah,Y.M.Xie,G..P.Steven.Optimisation of columns and frames against buckling[J].Computers and Structures,2000,75:45-54
[54]Roy Rajkumar,Johns Hinduja Srichand,Teti Roberto.Recent advances in engineering design optimisation:Challenges and future trends[J].CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,2008,V57(2):697-715
[55]Aber(?)ek.B.,Miklu(?).S.Models for optimization of gantry crane main girder[J].Key Engineering Materials,2007,348:657-660
[56]KOETSLI Yamazaki,JIRO Sakamoto,MASAMI Kitano.Three-dimensional shape optimization using the boundary element method[J].AIAA.Journal,1994,32(6):1296-1301
[57]Xu Gening,Gao Youshan,Zhang Xueliang,Yang Ruigang.Hyperstatic structure mapping model building and optimizing design[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering(English Edition),2007,20(1):55-59