基于风险管理的深基坑工程施工预警系统研究
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摘要
深基坑工程事故的预防和处理一直是岩土工程中的一个重要课题,也是深基坑工程实践中的热点问题。本文主要从风险管理的角度,对深基坑工程施工阶段预警系统的建立进行了理论和实践研究。
文章首先在前人研究成果的基础上对深基坑工程的现状和特点进行了简明扼要的叙述,参考国内外深基坑工程研究文献,对当前基坑工程事故发生的原因进行了多方面的分析,提出了从信息化施工及风险管理的角度建立深基坑工程预警系统,对深基坑工程事故进行预防和处理的思想,分别对其功能设定、实施流程及系统实施中的风险管理进行了详细论述。本文对深基坑工程施工预警系统的建立、预警指标的确定、预测方法的选择等进行了理论和实践研究,提出了灰色模型组预测方法,提高了对深基坑工程监测参数进行预测的准确性。本文分别建立了信息管理、评价分析、决策对策三个子系统,分别对其功能设定、实施流程及系统实施中的风险管理进行了详细论述。实现深基坑工程施工预警系统的实施,预防和处理深基坑工程事故,确保深基坑工程的设计施工达到安全、合理、经济的目的。
最后,本文将深基坑施工预警系统运用到两个实际工程中,通过该系统在工程实践中的应用,展现了该智能化预警系统的运作流程,体现了其实用性,提出了深基坑工程施工预警系统实施的施工建议,本课题具有广阔的工程应用前景。
The prevention and treating of deep foundation ditch accident was a very important problem in geotechnical engineering, and it is a key problem in the deep foundation ditch engineering practice. This paper is written in the point of risk management. The theoretic and practical study of construction security early warning system of deep foundation ditch engineering is set up using this theory.
On the base of former study, the development and characters of deep foundation ditch engineering was expound perspicuity firstly. Aiming at the status and existing questions of the deep foundation ditch engineering accident, the reasons of the deep foundation ditch engineering accidents was analyzed detailedly and generally reference to the articles of abroad and internal. The method of preventing and treating of deep foundation ditch accidents that set up a security early warning system of deep foundation ditch engineering using information-construction engineering practice and risk management was put forward, and, the setting up of the construction security early warning system of deep foundation ditch engineering and the choose of warning targets values etc was study in this paper. In the constructing of deep foundation ditch engineering, the engineering geology and hydrologic geology conditions and the surrounding environment must be consider firstly, and then set up these three information management, evaluation and forecast, decision-making and countermeasure subsystems. So the security early warning system was established. In the process control, the select of forecast control arithmetic and the warning target values are very important steps in the process control and security early warning system of deep foundation ditch engineering. Through the implement of the system in the deep foundation ditch engineering, the engineering optimize design targets of security, rationalize and economy were realize.
At last, an intellectualized construction security early warning system of deep foundation ditch engineering was established, and through the practice of different deep foundation ditch projects using the construction security early warning system of deep foundation ditch engineering, it was proved to be applied.
文章首先在前人研究成果的基础上对深基坑工程的现状和特点进行了简明扼要的叙述,参考国内外深基坑工程研究文献,对当前基坑工程事故发生的原因进行了多方面的分析,提出了从信息化施工及风险管理的角度建立深基坑工程预警系统,对深基坑工程事故进行预防和处理的思想,分别对其功能设定、实施流程及系统实施中的风险管理进行了详细论述。本文对深基坑工程施工预警系统的建立、预警指标的确定、预测方法的选择等进行了理论和实践研究,提出了灰色模型组预测方法,提高了对深基坑工程监测参数进行预测的准确性。本文分别建立了信息管理、评价分析、决策对策三个子系统,分别对其功能设定、实施流程及系统实施中的风险管理进行了详细论述。实现深基坑工程施工预警系统的实施,预防和处理深基坑工程事故,确保深基坑工程的设计施工达到安全、合理、经济的目的。
最后,本文将深基坑施工预警系统运用到两个实际工程中,通过该系统在工程实践中的应用,展现了该智能化预警系统的运作流程,体现了其实用性,提出了深基坑工程施工预警系统实施的施工建议,本课题具有广阔的工程应用前景。
The prevention and treating of deep foundation ditch accident was a very important problem in geotechnical engineering, and it is a key problem in the deep foundation ditch engineering practice. This paper is written in the point of risk management. The theoretic and practical study of construction security early warning system of deep foundation ditch engineering is set up using this theory.
On the base of former study, the development and characters of deep foundation ditch engineering was expound perspicuity firstly. Aiming at the status and existing questions of the deep foundation ditch engineering accident, the reasons of the deep foundation ditch engineering accidents was analyzed detailedly and generally reference to the articles of abroad and internal. The method of preventing and treating of deep foundation ditch accidents that set up a security early warning system of deep foundation ditch engineering using information-construction engineering practice and risk management was put forward, and, the setting up of the construction security early warning system of deep foundation ditch engineering and the choose of warning targets values etc was study in this paper. In the constructing of deep foundation ditch engineering, the engineering geology and hydrologic geology conditions and the surrounding environment must be consider firstly, and then set up these three information management, evaluation and forecast, decision-making and countermeasure subsystems. So the security early warning system was established. In the process control, the select of forecast control arithmetic and the warning target values are very important steps in the process control and security early warning system of deep foundation ditch engineering. Through the implement of the system in the deep foundation ditch engineering, the engineering optimize design targets of security, rationalize and economy were realize.
At last, an intellectualized construction security early warning system of deep foundation ditch engineering was established, and through the practice of different deep foundation ditch projects using the construction security early warning system of deep foundation ditch engineering, it was proved to be applied.
引文
[1]上海基坑工程设计规程(DBJ08-61-97),上海,1997
[2]武汉地区深基坑工程技术指南,武汉,武汉市城乡建设管理委员会,1995.7
[3]深圳地区建筑基坑支护技术规范,深圳,深圳市建设局,1996.8
[4]基坑工程设计规则,上海,1997
[5]建筑基坑支护技术规程(JGJ 120—99),北京,中国建筑工业出版社,1999
[6]建筑基坑工程技术规范(YB9258-97),北京,冶金工业部,1997
[7] Peck, Deep Excavation and Tunneling in Soft Ground , proc 7th ICSMFE. state of the art volume, Mexico city.1969
[8]蒋洪胜,刘国彬,考虑时空效应的围护结构支撑轴力实测结果分析研究[J],山东建筑工程学院学报,1997(4),7~13
[9]范益群,软土深基坑考虑时空效应的空间计算分析[J],地下工程与隧道,1999 (2),2~8
[10]李宏义,基坑变形灰色预测预警系统,勘察科学技术[J],2000(6),40~44
[11]胡友健等,深基坑工程监测数据处理与预测报警系统[J],施工技术,2001(3),130~135
[12]贺勇等,基坑工程表观监测与安全预警问题的研究[J],勘察科学技术,2003(4),29~30
[13]马海龙,张永利,某深基坑工程事故分析,四川建筑[J],2002(8),63~64
[14]唐业清,李启民,崔江雨,基坑工程事故分析与处理[M],中国建筑工业出版社,1999.4
[15]刘建航,侯学渊.基坑工程手册[M],中国建筑工业出版社,1997.4
[16]吴京生,初探如何将风险管理运用于企业日常经营,现代会计[J],2005(4),29~30
[17]王建民,管理创新过程中的风险管理,北京市经济管理干部学院学报[J],2005(9),10~14
[18]张发明,刘玉海,地面沉降预测预警系统,水文地质工程地质[J],1996(4),8~10
[19]冯韬,建立我国上市公司破产预警系统,[J],计划与市场,2000(3),42~44
[20]杨友龙,陈思远,赵志健,洪水预警监测和损失评估系统的设计与应用,地球信息科学[J],2004(3),58~61
[21]工程测量规范(GB50026-93),北京,中国建筑工业出版社,1993
[22]建筑变形测量(JGJ/T8-97),北京,中国建筑工业出版社,1997
[23]陈向东,杨茂忠,信息化施工及其应用,北京工业大学学报[J],2001(3),57~60
[24]张建国,基于 Elman 神经网络的深基坑变形智能监测,江苏建筑[J],2006(1),49~52
[25]刘洪涛,软土深基坑工程变形分析与过程控制[D],南京:东南大学,2006.3
[26]梁培新,基于反演理论的深基坑预警系统研究[D],南京:东南大学,2005.3
[27]秦四清等,深基坑工程优化设计[M],地震出版社,1998.9
[28]肖武权,冷伍明,基坑变形的灰色时序动态预报方法,水文地质工程地质[J],2005(1),113~116
[29]于怀昌,刘汉东,丁仁伟,深基坑降水过程中周围建筑物沉降的系统预测,岩石力学与工程学报[J],2004(11),3905~3909
[30]建筑地基基础设计规范(GB50007-2002),北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.2
[31]岩土工程勘察规范(GB50021-2001),北京,中国建筑工业出版社,2001
[32]南京地区地基基础设计规范(DB32/112-95),南京,1995
[33]陈忠汉,程丽萍,深基坑工程[M],北京:机械工程出版社,1999
[34]曾宪明,林德润,易平,基坑与边坡事故警示录[M],北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999
[35]深圳地区建筑深基坑支护技术规范(征求意见稿)
[36]袁程,深基坑工程过程控制和预警研究[D],南京:东南大学土木学院硕士论文
[37] Kavangh K. and Clough R. W, Finite element applications in the characterization of elastic solids[J]. Int. Solids Structure, 1971, Vol.7, No.3: 11-23
[38]王玲玲,深基坑变形的灰色预测模型[J],河南:华北水利水电学院学报,1999 年 03 期
[39]徐日庆,龚晓南,杨林德.深基坑开挖的安全性预报与工程决策[J],土木工程学报, 1998.10,33-38
[40]钱家欢,殷宗泽,土工原理与计算[M],北京:水利电力出版社
[41]杭州市建筑业管理局主编,深基坑工程实例研究[M],北京:中国水利水电出版社, 1999.9
[42]张志平,深基坑工程的动态设计及信息化施工[D],东南大学硕士学位论文,1998 . 3
[43] Gioda G. Jurina L. Numerical identification of soil-structure interaction Pressures.Int.J.Numer.Analy.Methods in Geomech,1981,8(5):33-56
[44]基坑支护技术进展[M].北京建筑技术杂志社,1998
[45]余袁成,施文毕,深基坑支护设计与施工[M],北京:中国建筑工业出版, 2002.7
[46]广东省基础工程公司,深基坑开挖监测工程[J],施工技术,2002(6),42~44
[47]杨志法等.岩土工程反分析原理及应用[M],地震出版社,2002.3
[48]杨林德等著,岩土工程问题的反演理论与工程实践[M],科学出版社,1996.4
[49]龚晓南,高有潮,深基坑工程设计施工手册[M],中国建筑工业出版社,1998.7
[50] Z.K.Feng.etal, An application of observational procedure for deep excavation in ShangHai Soft groupl. proc 9th internation conference on computer methods and Advances in mechanics .1997 .Wuhan.
[51]朱合华,杨林德,深基坑工程动态施工反演分析和变形预报[J],岩土工程学报,1998(7)
[52]杨志法,刘竹华,有限元图谱的根据及其应用[J],地下工程,1981 年第 2 期
[53]陈忠汉等,岩土工程监测与监理,岩土工程勘察设计与施工[M],北京:地质出版社,1998
[2]武汉地区深基坑工程技术指南,武汉,武汉市城乡建设管理委员会,1995.7
[3]深圳地区建筑基坑支护技术规范,深圳,深圳市建设局,1996.8
[4]基坑工程设计规则,上海,1997
[5]建筑基坑支护技术规程(JGJ 120—99),北京,中国建筑工业出版社,1999
[6]建筑基坑工程技术规范(YB9258-97),北京,冶金工业部,1997
[7] Peck, Deep Excavation and Tunneling in Soft Ground , proc 7th ICSMFE. state of the art volume, Mexico city.1969
[8]蒋洪胜,刘国彬,考虑时空效应的围护结构支撑轴力实测结果分析研究[J],山东建筑工程学院学报,1997(4),7~13
[9]范益群,软土深基坑考虑时空效应的空间计算分析[J],地下工程与隧道,1999 (2),2~8
[10]李宏义,基坑变形灰色预测预警系统,勘察科学技术[J],2000(6),40~44
[11]胡友健等,深基坑工程监测数据处理与预测报警系统[J],施工技术,2001(3),130~135
[12]贺勇等,基坑工程表观监测与安全预警问题的研究[J],勘察科学技术,2003(4),29~30
[13]马海龙,张永利,某深基坑工程事故分析,四川建筑[J],2002(8),63~64
[14]唐业清,李启民,崔江雨,基坑工程事故分析与处理[M],中国建筑工业出版社,1999.4
[15]刘建航,侯学渊.基坑工程手册[M],中国建筑工业出版社,1997.4
[16]吴京生,初探如何将风险管理运用于企业日常经营,现代会计[J],2005(4),29~30
[17]王建民,管理创新过程中的风险管理,北京市经济管理干部学院学报[J],2005(9),10~14
[18]张发明,刘玉海,地面沉降预测预警系统,水文地质工程地质[J],1996(4),8~10
[19]冯韬,建立我国上市公司破产预警系统,[J],计划与市场,2000(3),42~44
[20]杨友龙,陈思远,赵志健,洪水预警监测和损失评估系统的设计与应用,地球信息科学[J],2004(3),58~61
[21]工程测量规范(GB50026-93),北京,中国建筑工业出版社,1993
[22]建筑变形测量(JGJ/T8-97),北京,中国建筑工业出版社,1997
[23]陈向东,杨茂忠,信息化施工及其应用,北京工业大学学报[J],2001(3),57~60
[24]张建国,基于 Elman 神经网络的深基坑变形智能监测,江苏建筑[J],2006(1),49~52
[25]刘洪涛,软土深基坑工程变形分析与过程控制[D],南京:东南大学,2006.3
[26]梁培新,基于反演理论的深基坑预警系统研究[D],南京:东南大学,2005.3
[27]秦四清等,深基坑工程优化设计[M],地震出版社,1998.9
[28]肖武权,冷伍明,基坑变形的灰色时序动态预报方法,水文地质工程地质[J],2005(1),113~116
[29]于怀昌,刘汉东,丁仁伟,深基坑降水过程中周围建筑物沉降的系统预测,岩石力学与工程学报[J],2004(11),3905~3909
[30]建筑地基基础设计规范(GB50007-2002),北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.2
[31]岩土工程勘察规范(GB50021-2001),北京,中国建筑工业出版社,2001
[32]南京地区地基基础设计规范(DB32/112-95),南京,1995
[33]陈忠汉,程丽萍,深基坑工程[M],北京:机械工程出版社,1999
[34]曾宪明,林德润,易平,基坑与边坡事故警示录[M],北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999
[35]深圳地区建筑深基坑支护技术规范(征求意见稿)
[36]袁程,深基坑工程过程控制和预警研究[D],南京:东南大学土木学院硕士论文
[37] Kavangh K. and Clough R. W, Finite element applications in the characterization of elastic solids[J]. Int. Solids Structure, 1971, Vol.7, No.3: 11-23
[38]王玲玲,深基坑变形的灰色预测模型[J],河南:华北水利水电学院学报,1999 年 03 期
[39]徐日庆,龚晓南,杨林德.深基坑开挖的安全性预报与工程决策[J],土木工程学报, 1998.10,33-38
[40]钱家欢,殷宗泽,土工原理与计算[M],北京:水利电力出版社
[41]杭州市建筑业管理局主编,深基坑工程实例研究[M],北京:中国水利水电出版社, 1999.9
[42]张志平,深基坑工程的动态设计及信息化施工[D],东南大学硕士学位论文,1998 . 3
[43] Gioda G. Jurina L. Numerical identification of soil-structure interaction Pressures.Int.J.Numer.Analy.Methods in Geomech,1981,8(5):33-56
[44]基坑支护技术进展[M].北京建筑技术杂志社,1998
[45]余袁成,施文毕,深基坑支护设计与施工[M],北京:中国建筑工业出版, 2002.7
[46]广东省基础工程公司,深基坑开挖监测工程[J],施工技术,2002(6),42~44
[47]杨志法等.岩土工程反分析原理及应用[M],地震出版社,2002.3
[48]杨林德等著,岩土工程问题的反演理论与工程实践[M],科学出版社,1996.4
[49]龚晓南,高有潮,深基坑工程设计施工手册[M],中国建筑工业出版社,1998.7
[50] Z.K.Feng.etal, An application of observational procedure for deep excavation in ShangHai Soft groupl. proc 9th internation conference on computer methods and Advances in mechanics .1997 .Wuhan.
[51]朱合华,杨林德,深基坑工程动态施工反演分析和变形预报[J],岩土工程学报,1998(7)
[52]杨志法,刘竹华,有限元图谱的根据及其应用[J],地下工程,1981 年第 2 期
[53]陈忠汉等,岩土工程监测与监理,岩土工程勘察设计与施工[M],北京:地质出版社,1998