聚乙烯燃气管道施工技术的探讨
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摘要
聚乙烯管道是一种非常好的工程管道材料，在燃气工程上应用尤其广泛。国外在聚乙烯燃气管道应用上起步较早，许多发达国家的城市燃气管网均采用聚乙烯管道，目前正在逐步向次高压燃气输配系统延伸，大面积推广使用PE100级第四代聚乙烯产品，并拥有一套从原料生产到工程施工的先进的完备的技术标准体系。国内目前在推广使用PE80级聚乙烯，产品标准落后，没有相应的设计、施工和验收规范，施工机具、施工技术不够先进。本文通过比较聚乙烯管道与钢管施工技术的异同点，较为系统地分析了聚乙烯燃气管道工程技术的有关内容，包括聚乙烯燃气管道的技术经济性特点、施工方案技术和钢塑转换方式的选择、管道连接工艺技术。在此基础上，提出一套针对聚乙烯燃气管道工程的质量保障措施。
聚乙烯燃气管道工程技术特点的分析表明：(1)同等内径下直管段聚乙烯管比钢管流通能力大15％至21％左右，但同等外径下聚乙烯管的流通能力不一定比钢管大，需要计算确定，不能盲目以相同外径的聚乙烯管匹配钢管。聚乙烯管道的综合性能优于钢管，更适合做埋地的管道材料，而PE100级聚乙烯在经济和流通能力上比PE80级聚乙烯更优，应大力推广使用聚乙烯管道，特别是PE100级聚乙烯管道。(2)聚乙烯燃气管道的施工速度快，效率高，特别是在非开挖施工技术上，聚乙烯管道的施工技术较钢管更先进，效率更高，费用更低。在钢塑转换施工方案技术的选择上，一般可选用套管内转换方式，既可抗拒一定的沉降变形，又可实现管网的全塑化。(3)聚乙烯管道连接口由于不能象钢管焊口那样通过无损检测手段来验证是否合格，所以一定要使用自动化程度高的连接机具，将人为因素降到最低，并要求焊工除了熟练的操作技术外还应具备高度责任心，严格执行连接施工工艺质量控制要点和有关操作要领，焊接完后采取必要的检查验收手段。
聚乙烯燃气管道工程有其技术的先进性，也有其独特性，需要一个完善的工程质量保障措施来保证工程质量，以发挥聚乙烯管道的优良性能。在工程质量保障措施中，人是最关键的，不单是施工技术人员和具体操作工人，而且包括建设、设计、监理、监督、检测等单位的相关人员，应做到以人为本，规范化操作，加强设备材料、施工机具的管理，加强施工过程、验收、使用的控制，从各个方面保证聚乙烯燃气管道的工程质量。
Polyethylene(PE) pipe is very good material for engineering, and it is wildly used for gas engineering. PE pipe is used for gas engineering so early overseas that urban gas pipeline network in many developed country is made up of PE pipes, which are developing in the trend of hypo-high pressure gas transmission system. These coutries are extending the use of PE100, the fourth generation of PE product. Meanwhile, they have advanced and well-developed technology standard from manufacturing to application. Now our country is spreading the use of PE80 pipe, which is a faded product, as we do not have corresponding design, application & proof-test standard as well as our equipment and engineering technology are comparatively unenlightened. In comparison of PE pipe with steel pipe, It will be systematically analyzed the PE pipe engineering related issues in this thesis, including the economic features of PE engineering technology, application technology, choice of steel-plastic conversion & welding technology. On
the basis of the mentioned analysis, I bring up with systematic measures for quality insurance of PE pipe engineering.
The analysis shows that: (1) Straight PE pipe's current ability is 15%-21% higher than steel pipe on same inner pathway basis. But it's another story based on same outer diameter. We must displace the steel pipe with PE pipe with careful calculation. PE pipe is better than steel pipe, and it is better for pipe laying material. PE100 pipe is better than PE80 pipe in current ability and economy. We must spread PE pipe activity, especially for PE100 pipe. (2) PE gas pipe laying is faster and efficiency, especially on trenchless technology. Application technology of PE gas pipeline engineering is advanced, efficient and in low fare. You can choose the mode that switch inside the bushing. It can compensate the subsided distortion and makes the gas pipeline being all plastic. (3) The weld of PE pipe can't be proof-test by undestroyed probing. PE pipe must be welded by auto fusion equipment and reduce the man-made factor to the minimum at the same time. The operator must be well skilled and highly responsible, who
performs upon weld quality control regulations, and check up the weld strictly after fusion.
PE gas pipeline engineering application technology is advanced and unique. We need complete measures to ensure the engineering quality. Human resource is the essential key in engineering quality control. He is not only technician and operator, but
also a developer, deviser, custodian, intendance & checker. We should normalize the operations, enhance the management of material and equipment, strengthen the control of engineering process, proof-test & application on people-oriented basis so as to ensure PE gas pipeline engineering quality from all aspects.
聚乙烯燃气管道工程技术特点的分析表明：(1)同等内径下直管段聚乙烯管比钢管流通能力大15％至21％左右，但同等外径下聚乙烯管的流通能力不一定比钢管大，需要计算确定，不能盲目以相同外径的聚乙烯管匹配钢管。聚乙烯管道的综合性能优于钢管，更适合做埋地的管道材料，而PE100级聚乙烯在经济和流通能力上比PE80级聚乙烯更优，应大力推广使用聚乙烯管道，特别是PE100级聚乙烯管道。(2)聚乙烯燃气管道的施工速度快，效率高，特别是在非开挖施工技术上，聚乙烯管道的施工技术较钢管更先进，效率更高，费用更低。在钢塑转换施工方案技术的选择上，一般可选用套管内转换方式，既可抗拒一定的沉降变形，又可实现管网的全塑化。(3)聚乙烯管道连接口由于不能象钢管焊口那样通过无损检测手段来验证是否合格，所以一定要使用自动化程度高的连接机具，将人为因素降到最低，并要求焊工除了熟练的操作技术外还应具备高度责任心，严格执行连接施工工艺质量控制要点和有关操作要领，焊接完后采取必要的检查验收手段。
聚乙烯燃气管道工程有其技术的先进性，也有其独特性，需要一个完善的工程质量保障措施来保证工程质量，以发挥聚乙烯管道的优良性能。在工程质量保障措施中，人是最关键的，不单是施工技术人员和具体操作工人，而且包括建设、设计、监理、监督、检测等单位的相关人员，应做到以人为本，规范化操作，加强设备材料、施工机具的管理，加强施工过程、验收、使用的控制，从各个方面保证聚乙烯燃气管道的工程质量。
Polyethylene(PE) pipe is very good material for engineering, and it is wildly used for gas engineering. PE pipe is used for gas engineering so early overseas that urban gas pipeline network in many developed country is made up of PE pipes, which are developing in the trend of hypo-high pressure gas transmission system. These coutries are extending the use of PE100, the fourth generation of PE product. Meanwhile, they have advanced and well-developed technology standard from manufacturing to application. Now our country is spreading the use of PE80 pipe, which is a faded product, as we do not have corresponding design, application & proof-test standard as well as our equipment and engineering technology are comparatively unenlightened. In comparison of PE pipe with steel pipe, It will be systematically analyzed the PE pipe engineering related issues in this thesis, including the economic features of PE engineering technology, application technology, choice of steel-plastic conversion & welding technology. On
the basis of the mentioned analysis, I bring up with systematic measures for quality insurance of PE pipe engineering.
The analysis shows that: (1) Straight PE pipe's current ability is 15%-21% higher than steel pipe on same inner pathway basis. But it's another story based on same outer diameter. We must displace the steel pipe with PE pipe with careful calculation. PE pipe is better than steel pipe, and it is better for pipe laying material. PE100 pipe is better than PE80 pipe in current ability and economy. We must spread PE pipe activity, especially for PE100 pipe. (2) PE gas pipe laying is faster and efficiency, especially on trenchless technology. Application technology of PE gas pipeline engineering is advanced, efficient and in low fare. You can choose the mode that switch inside the bushing. It can compensate the subsided distortion and makes the gas pipeline being all plastic. (3) The weld of PE pipe can't be proof-test by undestroyed probing. PE pipe must be welded by auto fusion equipment and reduce the man-made factor to the minimum at the same time. The operator must be well skilled and highly responsible, who
performs upon weld quality control regulations, and check up the weld strictly after fusion.
PE gas pipeline engineering application technology is advanced and unique. We need complete measures to ensure the engineering quality. Human resource is the essential key in engineering quality control. He is not only technician and operator, but
also a developer, deviser, custodian, intendance & checker. We should normalize the operations, enhance the management of material and equipment, strengthen the control of engineering process, proof-test & application on people-oriented basis so as to ensure PE gas pipeline engineering quality from all aspects.
引文
[1] 方淯瑜主编．供燃气(给水)用埋地聚乙烯管道．中国建筑出版社．1997年
[2] 李猷嘉，王云龙，孙祖亮．城市燃气行业“十五”技术进步发展规划．北京．建设部城市建设司．2001
[3] C. J. Greenshields. plastic. rubber and composites processing and applications. 1997
[4] 陆光炯．聚乙烯燃气管道的应用与发展http:/www.gasinfo.com.cn
[5] Streeter, Victor L. Fluid mechanics(Eighth edition). McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1985
[6] 孙锦杰．聚乙烯管与钢管、铸铁管的比较．煤气与热力．2001．2
[7] 黄祥瑞．塑料防腐蚀应用．腐蚀与防护．1998．1
[8] PE-HD coated pipe. Eourth international conferene on the interal & exterinal protection of pipe. 1991
[9] 袁银海．浅谈PE管在人工煤气输配系统中心的应用．煤气与热力．1993．6
[10] 高立新．CJJ 63——95．聚乙烯燃气管道工程技术规程．北京．中国建筑工业出版社．1995
[11] prEN 1555-2. 1999. Plastics piping systems for the gaseous fuels—Polyethylene—Part 2: Pipes
[12] ISO 10838, 2000, Mechanical fittings for polyethylene piping systems for the supply of gas fuels
[13] Martin kane. Realising the benefits of trenchless technology. NO-DIG International. 1997.12
[14] 颜纯文，Stein D.非开挖地下管线施工技术及其应用．北京．地震出版社．1999年
[15] 赵恒海．天然气管道非开挖敷设技术的应用．煤气与热力．2000．3
[16] 荣红．非开挖敷管技术综述．广东燃气．2000．2
[17] Introduction to trenchless technology, http://www.istt.com/net/intrott/ttintro.htm
[18] 王为为．聚乙烯煤气管不开挖敷设技术．煤气与热力．2000．2
[19] 刘新奇．PE管顶管技术介绍．煤气与热力．1999．6
[20] Plastic pipe inserted to replace earthquake-damaged steel main. Pipe Line & Gas Industry. 1995. 12
[21] 邹德永 等．异径HDPE管穿插法修复在线旧管道．http: /www.gasinfo.com.cn
[22] Clarke I. Loiduin to haerlem water transport pipline rehabilitation. No-Dig International. 2001.5
[23] Hayward P. Subterra. No-Dig international. 1999. 5
[24] Popelar P. H. et. Guidelines for installing PE pipe using HDD technique pipe. Pipeline & Gas Industry. 1997. 12
[25] The dynamics of trenchless piercing tools in the gas industry. Underground Construction. 2002. 1
[26] 于海君．聚乙烯燃气管PE接熔接工艺．煤气与热力．1996．2
[27] 贺百艳．低温对聚乙烯管道熔接口机械性能的影响．煤气与热力．2001．1
[28] 董宏理主编．燃气管网工程施工及质量检验．湖北科学技术出版社．1996年
[29] S. J. K. Ritchic and P. S. Leevers. The high speed double torsion test. Mechanical Engineering Publications. 1995
[30] What's new in valves and valve operators. Underground Construction. 2001. 11
[31] Tek M. R. Underground storage of natural gas. Gulf Publishing Co. Houston. 1987
[32] 燃气用聚乙烯管道系统专题报告．亚大塑料制品有限公司资料．2001
[33] 李聚 等．推广应用优良燃气管道及先进设备．北京．建设部城市建设司．2001
[2] 李猷嘉，王云龙，孙祖亮．城市燃气行业“十五”技术进步发展规划．北京．建设部城市建设司．2001
[3] C. J. Greenshields. plastic. rubber and composites processing and applications. 1997
[4] 陆光炯．聚乙烯燃气管道的应用与发展http:/www.gasinfo.com.cn
[5] Streeter, Victor L. Fluid mechanics(Eighth edition). McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1985
[6] 孙锦杰．聚乙烯管与钢管、铸铁管的比较．煤气与热力．2001．2
[7] 黄祥瑞．塑料防腐蚀应用．腐蚀与防护．1998．1
[8] PE-HD coated pipe. Eourth international conferene on the interal & exterinal protection of pipe. 1991
[9] 袁银海．浅谈PE管在人工煤气输配系统中心的应用．煤气与热力．1993．6
[10] 高立新．CJJ 63——95．聚乙烯燃气管道工程技术规程．北京．中国建筑工业出版社．1995
[11] prEN 1555-2. 1999. Plastics piping systems for the gaseous fuels—Polyethylene—Part 2: Pipes
[12] ISO 10838, 2000, Mechanical fittings for polyethylene piping systems for the supply of gas fuels
[13] Martin kane. Realising the benefits of trenchless technology. NO-DIG International. 1997.12
[14] 颜纯文，Stein D.非开挖地下管线施工技术及其应用．北京．地震出版社．1999年
[15] 赵恒海．天然气管道非开挖敷设技术的应用．煤气与热力．2000．3
[16] 荣红．非开挖敷管技术综述．广东燃气．2000．2
[17] Introduction to trenchless technology, http://www.istt.com/net/intrott/ttintro.htm
[18] 王为为．聚乙烯煤气管不开挖敷设技术．煤气与热力．2000．2
[19] 刘新奇．PE管顶管技术介绍．煤气与热力．1999．6
[20] Plastic pipe inserted to replace earthquake-damaged steel main. Pipe Line & Gas Industry. 1995. 12
[21] 邹德永 等．异径HDPE管穿插法修复在线旧管道．http: /www.gasinfo.com.cn
[22] Clarke I. Loiduin to haerlem water transport pipline rehabilitation. No-Dig International. 2001.5
[23] Hayward P. Subterra. No-Dig international. 1999. 5
[24] Popelar P. H. et. Guidelines for installing PE pipe using HDD technique pipe. Pipeline & Gas Industry. 1997. 12
[25] The dynamics of trenchless piercing tools in the gas industry. Underground Construction. 2002. 1
[26] 于海君．聚乙烯燃气管PE接熔接工艺．煤气与热力．1996．2
[27] 贺百艳．低温对聚乙烯管道熔接口机械性能的影响．煤气与热力．2001．1
[28] 董宏理主编．燃气管网工程施工及质量检验．湖北科学技术出版社．1996年
[29] S. J. K. Ritchic and P. S. Leevers. The high speed double torsion test. Mechanical Engineering Publications. 1995
[30] What's new in valves and valve operators. Underground Construction. 2001. 11
[31] Tek M. R. Underground storage of natural gas. Gulf Publishing Co. Houston. 1987
[32] 燃气用聚乙烯管道系统专题报告．亚大塑料制品有限公司资料．2001
[33] 李聚 等．推广应用优良燃气管道及先进设备．北京．建设部城市建设司．2001